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Alstom Citadis

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Two Citadis 302 trams in Mulhouse
Citadis Spirit, the model designed for North American operators, seen on Ottawa's O-Train Line 1

The Alstom Citadis is a family of low-floor trams and light rail vehicles built by Alstom. As of 2017, over 2,300 Citadis trams have been sold and 1,800 tramways are in revenue service throughout the world, with operations in all six inhabited continents.[1] An evolution of Alstom's earlier TFS vehicle, most Citadis vehicles are made in Alstom's factories in La Rochelle and Valenciennes, France, and in Barcelona, Spain, and Annaba, Algeria.[2]

Citadis types

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The Citadis family includes both partial and fully low-floor trams and LRVs. Several versions are of the multi-articulated design, with alternating wheeled and suspended sections. These are built with three (20x), five (30x), seven (40x), and nine (50x) sections. The whole line-up includes the following standard variants:

Urban tramway vehicles

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View from a driver's cab of a Citadis 402 on green track in Bordeaux, France.
  • Citadis X01 (first generation)
    • Citadis 301 – three section, 70% low floor (Orléans)
      • Citadis 301 CIS – 100% low floor version with IPOMOS bogies on 1,524 mm (5 ft) gauge (Moscow, Saint-Petersburg[3]). Also designated 71-801 according to the Russian unified system of rolling stock classification (71=trams, 8=manufacturer code (Alstom), 01=model code).
    • Citadis 401 – five sections, 70% low floor (Montpellier and Dublin, some converted from 301s)
  • Citadis X03 (third generation)
    • Citadis 403 – seven sections, 100% low floor (specially ordered for Strasbourg)
  • Citadis X04 (fourth generation)
    • Citadis 304 – 100% low floor, next generation design for Central and Eastern Europe (Istanbul)

Light-rail transit vehicles

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Power supply

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Like most trams, Citadis vehicles are usually powered by overhead electric wires collected by a pantograph, or trolley pole, but the trams in several places do not use pantograph current collection entirely.

The most popular solution is Alstom's proprietary ground-level power supply (APS, first used in Bordeaux and subsequently in Angers, Reims, Orleans, Tours, Dubai, Rio, Barcelona, and Sydney), consisting of a type of third rail which is only powered while it is completely covered by a tram so that there is no risk of a person or animal coming into contact with a live rail. On the networks in France and in Sydney, the trams switch to conventional overhead wires in outer areas,[10] but the Dubai vehicles are the first to employ APS for its entire passenger length (although they are still equipped with pantographs for use in the maintenance depot).

Another option is to use on-board batteries to store electrical power, allowing brief periods of catenary-free operation without the need to install special infrastructure. The Citadis trams in Nice operate off a set of nickel metallic hydride batteries in two large open spaces where overhead wires would be an eyesore.[11][12] This has since been superseded by a supercapacitor-based energy storage system (SRS)[13] which is in use in Rio de Janeiro (alongside APS), Kaohsiung, and along a new line in Nice. The Regio-Citadis can also be built as a dual-voltage or electro-diesel vehicle with various configurations.

Ordered Citadis trams

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Africa

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Country City Image Type Fleet numbers Quantity Year Length Width Comments
Algeria Algiers
(Algiers tramway) 		402 101–141 41[14] 2009–2011 43.9 m
(144 ft 3⁄8 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Constantine
(Constantine tramway) 		402 101–127 27[15] 2011–2012 43.9 m
(144 ft 3⁄8 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
128–151 24[16] 2015–2017 Assembled in Algeria by the Cital [fr] joint venture[2][16]
Oran
(Oran Tramway) 		302 101–130 30[17] 2011 32.5 m (106 ft) 2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
131–151 21[18] 2016-2017[citation needed] Assembled in Algeria by the Cital [fr] joint venture[19]
Ouargla
(Ouargla tramway) 		402 101–123 23[20] 2016–2018 43.9 m
(144 ft 3⁄8 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		Assembled in Algeria by the Cital [fr] joint venture[20]
Mostaganem (Mostaganem tramway) 402 101–125 25[21] 2017–2018[citation needed] 43.9 m
(144 ft 3⁄8 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		Assembled in Algeria by the Cital [fr] joint venture[21][22]
Sidi Bel Abbes (Sidi Bel Abbès tramway) 402 101–130 30[23] 2016–2017 43.9 m
(144 ft 3⁄8 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		Assembled in Algeria by the Cital [fr] joint venture[24]
Setif (Sétif tramway) 402 101–126 26[25] 2017–2018 43.9 m
(144 ft 3⁄8 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		Assembled in Algeria by the Cital [fr] joint venture[25][26]
Morocco Casablanca
(Casablanca Tramway) 		302 001–074 74[27] 2012–2013 2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		Single ended – operate in service as semi-permanently coupled back-to-back pairs[28]
075–124 50[29] 2017–2018
305 125–190 66[30] 2023–2024
Rabat-Salé
(Rabat-Salé tramway) 		302 001–044 44[31] 2010–2011 32–64 m
(104 ft 11+7⁄8 in – 209 ft 11+5⁄8 in) in MU 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		38 single-ended trams (operating in service as back-to-back pairs), plus 6 bidirectional trams[31]
045–066 22[32] 2019–2020 Single ended – operate in service as back-to-back pairs[32]
Tunisia Tunis (Tunis Light Metro) 302 M401–M430 30[33] 2007–2008 32–64 m
(104 ft 11+7⁄8 in – 209 ft 11+5⁄8 in) in MU 		2.4 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Single ended – operate in service as back-to-back pairs[18]
M431-M439 9[34] 2009
M501-M516 16[35] 2012–2013

Asia

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Country City Image Type Fleet numbers Quantity Year Length Width Comments
China Chengdu (Chengdu tram) 302 40 2018 32.6 m (106 ft 11+1⁄2 in) 2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Shanghai/ Songjiang (Songjiang Tram) 302 30[36] 2018 33 m (108 ft 3+1⁄4 in) 2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Taiwan Kaohsiung (Circular light rail) 305 15[37] 2019 33.4 m (109 ft 7 in) 2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) Uses SRS system[38]

North America

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Main article: Citadis Spirit

The main article provides vehicle and order descriptions.

Country City Image Type Fleet numbers Quantity Year Length Width Comments
Canada Ottawa
(Line 1) 		Citadis Spirit 1101–1134 34[39] (+38 planned)[40] 2018 48 m (157 ft 5+3⁄4 in) 2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) Four-module vehicles
Toronto
(Line 6 Finch West) 		Citadis Spirit 0 (61 planned)[41] 2021 48 m (157 ft 5+3⁄4 in) 2.65 m (8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) Four-module vehicles
United States Philadelphia
(SEPTA Metro D, G, and T) 		305 0 (130 planned, plus 30 options) 2027 [42][43]

South America

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Country City Image Type Fleet numbers Quantity Year Length Width Comments
Brazil Rio de Janeiro
(VLT Carioca) 		402 101–132 32[44][45] 2016 44 m
(144 ft 4+1⁄4 in)[46] 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)[46] 		Uses APS system[45]
Ecuador Cuenca
(Cuenca Tramway)[47] 		302 14[48] 2015–2016 32.4 m
(106 ft 3+5⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Partially uses APS system[49]

Middle East

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Country City Image Type Fleet numbers Quantity Year Length Width Comments
Israel Jerusalem
(Jerusalem Light Rail) 		302 46 2009 2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
United Arab Emirates Dubai
(Dubai Tram) 		402 001–011 11[50] 2013–2014 2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		Equipped with APS[51]
Qatar Lusail
(Lusail LRT) 		305 01-028 28[52][18] 2018–2019 32 m (104 ft) 2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		Equipped with APS[53]

Europe

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Country City Image Type Fleet numbers Quantity Year Length Width Comments
France Angers 302 1001–1017 17[54] 2009 32.4 m
(106 ft 3+5⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
305 2001–2020 20[55] 2022 33.5 m
(109 ft 10+7⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
Aubagne Compact 8[5][56] 2014 22 m
(72 ft 2+1⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		First Citadis Compact ordered. Options for 10.[5][56]
Avignon Compact 101–114 14[57] 2018–2019 22 m
(72 ft 2+1⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
Besançon 305 ? 5 2025 32 m
(104 ft 11+7⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Ordered with Brest and Toulouse in a group order[58]
Bordeaux 402 2201–2232
2301–2306
2501–2520
2801–2804
1301–1326
1827–1846
1847–1856 		113 2002
2003
2005
2008
2013–2014
2018
2019 		43.9 m
(144 ft 3⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		The Citadis delivered from 2013 now have two doors per side on their central pod.
302 2241–2246
2541–2546 		12[59][60] 2002
2005 		32.8 m
(107 ft 7+3⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
Brest 302 101–120 26 2012 32 m
(104 ft 11+7⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Ordered with Dijon as part of a group order[61]
305 ? 8 2025 32 m
(104 ft 11+7⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Ordered with Besançon and Toulouse in a group order[58]
Caen 305 1001–1026 26[62] 2018–2019 33 m
(108 ft 3+1⁄4 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
Dijon 302 1001–1033 33 2012–2013 32 m
(104 ft 11+7⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Ordered with Brest as part of a group order[61]
Grenoble 402[63] 6001–6035
6036–6050 		49 2005, 2009 43 m
(141 ft 7⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		[64]
Le Havre 302 001-022 22[65] 2012 2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
X05 8 (planned)[66] 2027 33 m
(108 ft 3+1⁄4 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
Le Mans 302 1001–1034 34 2007, 2011, 2014 32.0 m
(104 ft 11+7⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		To be extended to 44 m (144 ft 4+1⁄4 in) in 2026[67]
Lille[68] 305 ? 24 2026[69] 32.4 m
(106 ft 3+5⁄8 in)[68] 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		First Citadis ever built for metric tracks
Lyon 302 0801–0847,
0848–0857,
0858–0870,
0871–0873[70] 		73 2000, 2006, 2009, 2010 32.4 m
(106 ft 3+5⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
402 0874–0885,
0886–0892 		19[71] 2012–2013,
2016 		43.8 m
(143 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Replaces the Citadis 302 on the line 3 while the 302 are transferred to the other lines
402 0893–0907,
0908-0942,
0943-? 		15 2019–2020,
2024–2026,[72]
2027 		44 m
(144 ft 4+1⁄4 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		New front due to new safety standards. Replaces the Citadis 302 on the line 4; 302s were transferred to the other lines.
Montpellier 301 2001–2028 30[73] 1999–2000 40.9 m
(134 ft 2+1⁄4 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		Extended to Citadis 401
302 2031–2033, 2041–2064 27 2006–2007 32.5 m
(106 ft 7+1⁄2 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
402 2070–2089,
2098–2099 		23[74] 2011–2012,
2014 		43 m
(141 ft 7⁄8 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Mulhouse 302 01–27 27 2005–2006 32.5 m
(106 ft 7+1⁄2 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Two of these (04 and 05) were used in Argentina on the Tranvía del Este, in Buenos Aires, while
five were sold to Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and re-designated as the C2-class Melbourne tram.[75]
Nantes 405 49[76][77] 2023–2025 46 m
(150 ft 11 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Will replace the older TFS. The first 14 trams were delivered in 2023, the rest will be delivered in 2025.
Nice 302 01–28 28 2006–2007,
2010 		33 m
(108 ft 3+1⁄4 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		Trams from 14 to 28 are extended to 402. First Citadis trams to use nickel metallic hydride batteries for catenary-free operation.[12]
405 25[78] 2017–2018, 2019 45 m
(147 ft 7+5⁄8 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		First ever Citadis X05 (fifth-generation) trams delivered in mainland Europe; also the first trams to use SRS[79]
Orléans 301 39–60 22[80] 2000 29.9 m
(98 ft 1+1⁄8 in) 		2.32 m
(7 ft 7+3⁄8 in)
302 61–81 21[81] 2010–2011 32.3 m
(105 ft 11+5⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
Paris 302 0401–0413,
0414–0426,
0427–0442,
0442–0460,
0461–0466 		66 2002, 2003, 2008, 2010, 2015 32.2 m
(105 ft 7+3⁄4 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		T2

402 0301–0321,
0322–0346,
0347–0363,

0364–0373

73 2006, 2012, 2017, 2021 43.7 m
(143 ft 4+1⁄2 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		T3; starting from 0364, the trams are now delivered with the transit authority livery (Île-de-France Mobilités).[82]
302 701–719 19[83] 2013 32 m
(104 ft 11+7⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		T7
302 801–820 20[83] 2014 32 2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		T8; in the future, they will be transferred to the T7 for its extension to Juvisy while 7 of them will be modified to be on the T2.[84]
405[85] 901–922 22[86] 2019–2020 44 m
(144 ft 4+1⁄4 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		T9
1001–1013 13 2022–2023 T10
305[87] 01–? 37 (first order) 2024–present 33.43 m
(109 ft 8+1⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		T1, T8. The first order will replace the older TFS on this line, while the rest will replace the older Citadis 302 on line T8 and will complete the fleet for the future extensions on these two lines.[84]
Reims 302 101–118 18[88][89] 2010 32.4 m
(106 ft 3+5⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
Rouen 402 27[90] 2011–2012 40–45 m
(131 ft 2+3⁄4 in – 147 ft 7+5⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		To replace the TFS;[91] used as light rail vehicles.
Strasbourg
403 2001–2041,
3001–3022,
3031–3047 		80 2005–2006, 2017–2018, 2021–2022 45.1 m
(147 ft 11+5⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
405 ? 22[92][93] 2025 45 m
(147 ft 7+5⁄8 in)[92] 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
27[94] 2026
Toulouse 302 5001–5025 24[95] 2009–2010 32.4 m
(106 ft 3+5⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Designed by Airbus[95]
305 ? 9 2026 32.4 m
(106 ft 3+5⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Ordered with Besançon and Brest in a group order[58]
Tours 402 21[96] 2012–2013 43 m
(141 ft 7⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		APS
Valenciennes 302 33 2006, 2013 33 m
(108 ft 3+1⁄4 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
Germany Frankfurt am Main Classic (SX05) 58 Since 2022 31.5 m
(103 ft 4+1⁄8 in)

40 m
(131 ft 2+3⁄4 in)

2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		24 31.5-metre trams and 34 40-metre trams
Kassel RegioCitadis 701–718 18 2004–2005 36.8 m
(120 ft 8+7⁄8 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
751–760 9 Hybrid with diesel engine
Greece Athens 305 25[97] 2020–2021 33 m
(108 ft 3+1⁄4 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Ireland Dublin 301 3001–3026 26 2003–2004 40 m
(131 ft 2+3⁄4 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Red line, in 2007 extended from 30 to 40 m
(98 ft 5+1⁄8 in to 131 ft 2+3⁄4 in)[98]
401 4001–4014 14 2003–2004 40 m
(131 ft 2+3⁄4 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Red line (transferred from green line in 2010)
402 5001–5026 26[99] 2009–2010 55 m
(180 ft 5+3⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Green line, in 2020 extended from 43 to 55 m (141 ft 7⁄8 in to 180 ft 5+3⁄8 in)[100]
502 5027–5033 7[101] 2017–2018 55 m
(180 ft 5+3⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Green line, longest Citadis trams ever built[100]
5034–5041 8[100] 2020
Netherlands The Hague RegioCitadis 4001–4054
4055–4072 		72 2006–2007, 2011 36.8 m
(120 ft 8+7⁄8 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		[102][103]
Rotterdam 302 2001–2060 60[104] 2003–2004 31.6 m
(103 ft 8+1⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Unidirectional[105]
2101–2153 53[106] 2011 30 m
(98 ft 5+1⁄8 in)
Poland Gdańsk 100

(NGd99)

1001–1004 4 1999 26.6 m
(87 ft 3+1⁄4 in) 		2.35 m
(7 ft 8+1⁄2 in) 		Marketed as the Konstal NGd99, based on 100 series
Katowice 100

(116Nd)

800–816 17 2000 24 m
(78 ft 8+7⁄8 in) 		2.35 m
(7 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Russia Saint Petersburg 301 CIS (71-801 according to system of rolling stock classification) 8900–8902,
8907 		4 2014 25.5 m
(83 ft 7+7⁄8 in) 		2.50 m
(8 ft 2+3⁄8 in) 		Single ended
Spain Barcelona 302 111.01–111.23 23 2003–2004 32 m
(104 ft 11+7⁄8 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		Trambaix network
302 211.01–211.18 18 2007 Trambesòs network. Retrofitted with APS in 2024.[107][108][109]
305 311.01–311.03 3[108] 2025 Trambesòs network
Jaén 302 5 2010 32 m
(104 ft 11+7⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
Madrid 302 70 2007 32 m
(104 ft 11+7⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		One of the trams was used on Lidingöbanan in Stockholm for testing,[110] and another in Buenos Aires on the Tranvía del Este.
Murcia 302 11 2011 32 m
(104 ft 11+7⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in)
Tenerife 302 26[111] 2006, 2009 32.2 m
(105 ft 7+3⁄4 in) 		2.4 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		On important dates, such as Carnivals or Christmas, trams operate as doubles.
Turkey Istanbul 304 801–837 37[112] 2009–2010 28 m
(91 ft 10+3⁄8 in) 		2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		Used in service as coupled units for higher passenger capacity[113]
UK Nottingham 302[114] 216–237 22[115] 2013–2014 32 m (104 ft) 2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		[116]

Oceania

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Country City Image Type Fleet numbers Quantity Year Length Width Comments
Australia Adelaide 302[117] 201–209 9 2010, 2018 32 m
(104 ft 11+7⁄8 in) 		2.40 m
(7 ft 10+1⁄2 in) 		Surplus units purchased from Metro Ligero, Madrid in 2009 (6) and 2017 (3)[117][118][119]
Melbourne 202[120] 3001–3036[121] 36[121] 2001–2002[121] 22.9 m (75 ft)[121] 2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)[121] 		Locally designated C-class[121]
302[122] 5103, 5106, 5111, 5113, 5123[123] 5[123] 2008–2009[123] 32.5 m (106 ft)[123] 2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in)[123] 		Locally designated C2-class.[123]
Leased from Mulhouse, France, in 2008, and later purchased by the Victorian government.[124][75]
Sydney 305[125] 001-060 60[125] 2017–2018 33 m (108 ft)[126] 2.65 m
(8 ft 8+3⁄8 in) 		For CBD and South East Light Rail.[125] Capable of both APS and pantograph power.[127] Operate in coupled sets.[128]

See also

[edit]

References

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  1. ^ Alstom (2017). "Citadis tramways". Alstom, Citadis web presentation.
  2. ^ a b "CITAL inaugurates its assembly and maintenance site for Alstom Citadis trams in Annaba". Alstom.com. 12 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  3. ^ http://transphoto.ru/list.php?serv=0&cid=2&mid=4350 Saint-Petersburg, 71-801 (Alstom Citadis 301 CIS) vehicle list
  4. ^ "Alstom unveiled first Citadis Compact tram". Alstom. Retrieved 19 October 2025.
  5. ^ a b c "Aubagne orders Citadis Compact". Railway Gazette International. 7 October 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011.
  6. ^ "CITADIS Dualis Information Sheet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 4 May 2008.
  7. ^ "Alstom launches North American light rail vehicle with Ottawa contract". Railway Gazette. 14 February 2013. Archived from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  8. ^ "Alstom receives order for 61 Citadis Spirit light rail vehicles for Greater Toronto and Hamilton area". Alstom. 12 May 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2017. Alstom has been awarded a firm order for the supply of 61 Citadis Spirit light rail vehicles for the Greater Toronto and Hamilton area (GTHA) by Metrolinx, an agency of the Government of Ontario. The value of the contract is over €355 million (CA$529 million). The vehicle supply contract includes an option for additional vehicles.
  9. ^ Spurr, Ben (11 May 2017). "Metrolinx to buy vehicles from Bombardier competitor". Toronto Star. Retrieved 12 May 2017. According to sources familiar with the deal, Metrolinx has agreed to purchase 61 cars from French manufacturer Alstom as a backup plan if Bombardier doesn't come through.
  10. ^ Wansbeek, C.J. (December 2002). "Bordeaux: Fronting the French tramway revolution". Tramways & Urban Transit. Light Rail Transit Association. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
  11. ^ "Nice Tramway, France". Railway-Technology.com. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
  12. ^ a b "Nice inaugurates the first tramway to be equipped with batteries". Alstom. Retrieved 31 October 2025.
  13. ^ Kuester, Florian (7 February 2017). "Ground-based electric charging – The Alstom SRS". Combined Transport Magazine. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
  14. ^ "Alstom delivers the first Citadis tramset for the Algiers tramway". Alstom. Retrieved 6 September 2025.
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