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Anúna

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ANÚNA
Background information
OriginIreland
Genres
Years active1987–present
LabelsDanú, Gimell, Universal, Koch, Valley, Elevation, E1
WebsiteAnúna.ie

ANÚNA is an Irish vocal ensemble founded in 1987 by composer Michael McGlynn, for whom it has served as the primary vehicle for the creation, performance, and recording of his choral music.[1][2]

Originally known as An Uaithne, the group adopted the name ANÚNA in 1991 and has developed a distinctive sound-world centred on newly composed works alongside reimagined historical and vernacular material.[2][3] The ensemble was associated with Riverdance from 1994 to 1996, which brought it wider international visibility,[4] but it had already established an independent artistic identity prior to that period and has since maintained a sustained international touring and recording profile.[2]

Its work has extended beyond conventional concert contexts to include collaborations in theatre, film, and other media.[5]

History

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An Uaithne and early development (1987 - 1994)

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Michael McGlynn formed the vocal ensemble An Uaithne in 1987, following his involvement with collegiate choirs at University College Dublin and Trinity College Dublin and his early experience within Irish choral performance and direction. From its inception, the ensemble pursued a repertoire that combined medieval sacred music, Irish-language texts, traditional material, and newly composed or arranged works by McGlynn, reflecting an exploratory approach to Irish choral music that departed from prevailing Irish and British choral traditions.[6][7]

Early performances under the name An Uaithne attracted critical attention. Reviewing a concert at the House of Lords in Dublin in 1990, Douglas Sealy noted the ensemble’s presentation of early Irish and English music, including medieval plainsong fragments, traditional songs, and Renaissance repertoire, combining voices with period and traditional instruments, and situating the performance within the context of the Dublin Festival of Early Music.[8] A subsequent recital at Trinity College Dublin in 1991 was described by Sealy as ranging from twelfth- to twentieth-century religious music and characterised by a distinctive sound shaped by the interaction of plainchant-derived melodic material and contemporary harmonic language in McGlynn’s own works.[9]

In 1991 the ensemble adopted the shortened name Anúna, a change associated with the group’s evolving artistic identity and its increasing focus on McGlynn’s compositional voice. During this period, medieval chant, early sacred repertoire, and traditional Irish texts were treated as living performance material rather than as historical reconstruction, with particular emphasis on vocal colour, resonance, and spatial awareness.[6][7]

The group’s debut album, ANÚNA (Danú 001), was released in spring 1993 and consisted largely of works composed or arranged by McGlynn, spanning both secular and liturgical material. Reviewing the album in The Irish Times, Nuala O’Connor highlighted the handling of medieval chant and sacred sources and praised the atmospheric qualities achieved through acoustic setting and vocal treatment, while expressing reservations about several arrangements of traditional songs.[10]

A second album, Invocation, recorded in 1994, was reviewed later that year by O’Connor as fulfilling and extending the promise of the group’s early work. She described Anúna as having developed into one of Ireland’s most innovative choral ensembles, noting the synthesis of ancient and contemporary musical and textual modes and the precision and control of the ensemble’s singing.[11]

By the end of 1994, The Irish Times characterised Anúna as having established a distinct position within Irish musical life. Writing in December of that year, Michael Dervan observed that while the group drew on medieval and traditional sources, its performances avoided both academic reconstruction and commercial pastiche, instead emphasising sound, space, and atmosphere and challenging conventional expectations of choral presentation.[12]

Both ANÚNA and Invocation were subsequently licensed for international release by Celtic Heartbeat in association with Atlantic Records in 1995. In the United States, ANÚNA reached number 11 on Billboard’s World Music chart in 1995.[13]

Anúna performing in Riverdance -The Show, Dublin, February 1995. Singers left to right are:
Richard Boyle, Tara O'Beirne, Emer Lang, Tony Davoren, David Clark, Katie McMahon, Peter Harney, Máire Lang, Paddy Connolly, Miriam Blennerhasset

Anúna was associated with Riverdance from 1994 until 1996.[14] They gave the first performance of the piece at the Eurovision Song Contest, spending 18 weeks at number 1 in the Irish singles chart and reaching number 9 in the UK singles chart.[15] They featured on the CD Riverdance: Music from the Show and on the DVD Riverdance: the Show. They sang the opening choral section, "Cloudsong", with a solo by soprano Katie McMahon.[16]

Anúna won an Irish National Entertainment Award[17] for Classical music in 1994. In 1995, they released Omnis, followed by Deep Dead Blue in 1996. The latter gained an international release on the Gimell/Polygram label in 1999[18] and was nominated for a Classical Brit Award in 2000.[19] The group left Riverdance in 1996.[18] Anúna soprano Eimear Quinn won the Eurovision Song Contest that same year in Oslo.[20]

In 1997, Anúna released the CD Behind the Closed Eye, an orchestral collaboration with the Ulster Orchestra, Northern Ireland's leading symphony orchestra.[21] The choir appeared at the World Sacred Music Festival in Morocco in 1998 (returning in 2002).[22] In 1999, Anúna performed at the first ever Irish Prom at the BBC Proms at the Royal Albert Hall in London.[23]

2000–2009

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2000 saw the release of Cynara, followed by Winter Songs (retitled Christmas Songs for the American release) in 2002. That same year, the group appeared at the "Proms in the Park" in Belfast, an open-air concert featuring The Ulster Orchestra at the grounds of Belfast's City Hall.[24]

Their album Sensation, released in April 2006, was an eclectic collection with settings by McGlynn of texts by Cardinal Henry Newman, Arthur Rimbaud and Hildegard von Bingen. The title track featured a spoken recitation of the Rimbaud poem "Sensation" by the Breton singer Gilles Servat. In January 2007, Anúna recorded a series of live performances in Cleveland which have been broadcast extensively on PBS across the US in a "special" produced by The Elevation Group and Maryland Public Television. The group undertook a two-month tour of the US in autumn 2007. The album Anúna: Celtic Origins was released that same year. It was the best-selling album in Nielsen Soundscan's World Music category in August of that year.[25] November 2008 saw the release in the US of Christmas Memories, a CD and DVD release coupled with PBS broadcasts nationally in November and December. The album entered the Billboard World Music Charts at number 6 on first week of release and spent 10 weeks in the Billboard World Music top 20 albums.[26] The single "Ding Dong Merrily on High" reached number 26 on the Billboard "Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks" chart in December 2008.[27]

In June 2009, Anúna released the CD Sanctus and DVD Invocations of Ireland. Sanctus featured four previously released tracks that have been remastered and (in the case of one track, "Nobilis Humilis") have had parts re-recorded and added to the original song. Also featured are McGlynn's "Agnus Dei", Miserere mei, Deus by Gregorio Allegri and Crucifixus by Antonio Lotti. Invocations of Ireland was a 56-minute DVD filmed throughout Ireland by Michael McGlynn and featured the music of Anúna sung in the Irish landscape. The DVD was released on Columbia in Japan and was broadcast extensively on the Ovation Channel in Australia.[28]

In July 2009, Anúna gave the first performance of Behind the Closed Eye in the Republic of Ireland at Dublin's National Concert Hall with the RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra.

2010–2022

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In 2010, Anúna adopted the name "Anúna, Ireland's National Choir" as their official title and inaugurated an Education and Outreach programme.[29] The group performed again with the RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra of Ireland in July 2010, with Finnish violinist Linda Lampenius.[30] The programme included a number of new pieces and arrangements including the nine-minute McGlynn fantasia The Last Rose, based on the songs of Thomas Moore.[citation needed]

In June 2010, Anúna collaborated on a new CD and DVD project with The Wiggles, entitled It's Always Christmas With You! and released in 2011.[31] In September 2010, Anúna recorded an arrangement by Michael McGlynn of "Away in a Manger" with ex-Celtic Woman soloist Órla Fallon for her Christmas PBS special, which also featured David Archuleta and another ex-Anúna and Celtic Woman soloist, Méav Ní Mhaolchatha. The special was filmed in Dublin, Ireland. No fewer than five of the soloists who have been featured on Celtic Woman since 2005 (Órla Fallon, Méav Ní Mhaolchatha, Lynn Hilary, Éabha McMahon, Tara McNeill and Deirdre Shannon) have been members of Anúna.

On 27–29 January 2011, Anúna joined Irish musical pioneers Clannad for three concerts at Dublin's Christ Church Cathedral for the Donegal group's fortieth anniversary celebrations. They collaborated on five tracks, "Dúlamán", "Caislean Óir", "Theme from Harry's Game", "In a Lifetime" and "I Will Find You". Anúna also performed a version of "Media Vita" as they came onstage, integrating musical elements of "Caislean Óir".[32]

Anúna made their Chinese debut in June 2011, touring a number of cities throughout China. They performed at the Beijing Poly Theater in Beijing and at the Shanghai Oriental Art Center in Shanghai.[33] In July 2011, the National Concert Hall in Dublin presented the first Anúna International Summer School. The event took place between 5 and 9 July, and featured a team of international facilitators including Matthew Oltman, then musical director of Chanticleer.[34] In September, their album Christmas Memories débuted at 95 in the Billboard 200.[35] To finish the year, Anúna visited Japan, a trip which included concerts and workshops. This tour also included a high-profile visit to the area affected by the tsunami of 2011 and Fukushima.[36] In April 2012, Anúna participated in the premiere of Philip Hammond's Requiem for the Lost Souls of the Titanic at St Anne's Cathedral in Belfast.[37]

To celebrate their 25th anniversary in June 2012, Anúna released their new album Illumination, a fifteen track CD[38] and (in May) featured on the soundtrack to the video game Diablo III. Blizzard Entertainment audio director Russell Brower said "Working somewhat against conventional expectations, Hell is a beautiful and seductive sound, provided by Dublin's uniquely astounding choral group ANÚNA".[39] As of February 2014, the game has sold 15 million copies across all platforms.[40] The soundtrack was nominated for a BAFTA award in 2013.[41] In October, the choir gave a workshop at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music and hosted a series of public choral workshop events across the Netherlands in November. 2013 marked the first concert performances and workshops in Canada for the group. In 2015, Anúna sold-out Beijing's National Centre for the Performing Arts.

In 2017, as part of their 30th anniversary, Anúna performed as part of a collaborative project entitled "Takahime" in front of a sold-out audience on February 16 at Tokyo's Orchard Hall. It included a performance of Yokomichi Mario's adaptation of W. B. Yeats' "At the Hawk's Well" entitled "Takahime", directed and scored by McGlynn and Genshō Umewaka (a Japanese Living National Treasure), who said of the collaboration with Anúna: "I think Celtic choral music and Noh are similar in both being abstract arts...So we have no need to hesitate and can just make all the creative sparks we wish." The performance featured a full cast of Noh actors and musicians, with Umewaka in the role of The Hawk.[42]

On July 30, 2017, the choir performed at the Francis Ledwidge memorial event at Richmond Barracks in Dublin; McGlynn commented "When I discovered Ledwidge for the first time through the academic work of Inchicore poet Liam O'Meara, it was like finding a kindred spirit" and "Over the last two decades I have taken his poetry around the world as Anúna has toured. Each new setting I make of his texts yields more and more layers of meaning, more subtlety and nuance. Ledwidge remains one of my greatest poetic inspirations."[43]

In November 2017, Anúna released a video (created by Michael McGlynn) of the piece "Shadow of the Lowlands", composed by Yasunori Mitsuda.[44] Speaking of his first encounter with Anúna through their album Deep Dead Blue, Mitsuda said "I felt that ANÚNA was a new type of chorus that I'd never heard before. My attention was drawn to the lead singer, Michael McGlynn, and I dreamt about making music with ANÚNA one day. After 20 years, my dream came true through the making of the game Xenoblade Chronicles 2".[45] "Shadow of the Lowlands" is one of four that features on the soundtrack of the Nintendo Switch video game Xenoblade Chronicles 2. In February 2018, the group won the Outstanding Ensemble category of the Annual Game Music Awards 2017 for their contributions to the game.[46] In April, Anúna joined Mitsuda on stage in April for a series of full concert performances of music from Xenogears to celebrate its 20th anniversary.[47]

In November 2022, the group released a digital-only Christmas-themed album recorded in Dublin.

Cessation of public concerts in Ireland

[edit]

In December 2022, the group's leader announced that a pair of performances on December 3 would be their final public performances in Ireland, saying "After 35 years it has become increasingly apparent that ANÚNA doesn't have a place within the Irish music community."[48] He mentioned that the Arts Council of Ireland had rejected a grant request from the group in 2001.[49] He further stated that the group would "continue to perform in Nth Ireland and in a private capacity at home" as well as touring internationally.[48]

Musical style

[edit]
Further information: Michael McGlynn

The ensemble’s original name, An Uaithne, derives from an early Irish classification of music associated with three affective modes: Goltraí (lament), Geantraí (joy), and Suantraí (lullaby).[50][51]

From its earliest performances, Anúna combined newly composed works by Michael McGlynn with material drawn from medieval sacred sources and traditional Irish texts. These sources were treated as contemporary performance repertoire rather than as historical reconstruction, with emphasis placed on sound, atmosphere, and textual clarity.[52][53]

McGlynn’s compositional approach draws on medieval polyphony and Irish traditional music alongside selected modern influences, while largely bypassing the baroque and romantic choral canon. Axel Klein described this synthesis as producing a highly individual musical language within contemporary Irish composition.[54]

Japanese music critic Shinya Matsuyama has situated Anúna’s work outside conventional Celtic or early-music categorisations, describing its sound as one in which medieval Irish sources and chant-derived modalities coexist with elements associated with twentieth-century art music, including the use of dissonance and unstable harmonic colour. Writing in 2014, Matsuyama observed that the ensemble’s music frequently creates a sense of movement between historical and contemporary sound-worlds rather than adherence to a single stylistic tradition. He further identified Anúna’s non-conducted performance practice and emphasis on mutual listening among singers as central to its aesthetic, characterising the ensemble’s approach as an “art of listening” in which individual voices function within a consciously balanced collective texture.[55]

Performance practice has been central to Anúna’s musical identity. Performances frequently employed mobile singers and spatialised sound, engaging directly with architectural space and altering conventional audience perception.[56][57]

The ensemble’s vocal sound developed through the deliberate combination of trained and untrained voices. The resulting timbre has been described as both powerful and fragile, and as lying outside established categories of early music, folk performance, or conventional chamber choir practice.[58][59]

Within Irish musical life, Anúna has been characterised by the integration of movement, spatial awareness, and repertoire spanning medieval, traditional, and newly composed material, rather than adherence to a single stylistic tradition.[60]

Members/performers

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The choir has evolved over time, and has had over 250 singers participate, but some members have remained active over periods of 25 years or more. Members described as involved from a very early stage include Monica Donlon[61][18] and opera singer Miriam Blennerhassett from Howth (both of whom Michael McGlynn had met at UCD),[62] as well as Garrath Patterson.[63]

Selected members

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Miriam Blennerhassett is an Irish mezzo-soprano, and has been the Chorus Master of Anúna, also featuring as a soloist on CD, DVD and in performance. She features as a soloist on the albums Omnis, Invocation, Sensation, Deep Dead Blue, Celtic Origins and Behind the Closed Eye. She appears as a soloist on the Invocations of Ireland and Celtic Origins.[citation needed] Blennerhassett is a founder member of Anúna.

Lucy Champion is an English singer, and has been Education Co-ordinator with Anúna, as well as a featured soprano soloist with the choir. She appears as a soloist on the albums Christmas Songs, Invocation, Sensation, Anúna, Sanctus, Cynara, Deep Dead Blue, Christmas Memories, Celtic Origins and Behind the Closed Eye. She appears as a soloist on the DVDs Invocations of Ireland and Celtic Origins. She was Concerts and Events Manager for The Ulster Orchestra in Belfast, Administrator and Education Manager for the Wren Orchestra in London, Education Manager with the National Concert Hall in Dublin[64] and is currently a choral clinician and educator, most recently giving a series of workshops at Dublin's National Concert Hall in 2009/2010.[citation needed]

John McGlynn is a tenor with Anúna and an Irish singer-songwriter. He is also Michael McGlynn's identical twin brother. His distinctive guitar style features on many of Anúna's albums. Originally an architect[citation needed] by trade, he currently acts as a director of the choir, touring in that capacity throughout Europe and the US. He released his solo album Songs For A Fallen Angel in 2000 and has formed a trio entitled Sweet June. His arrangements and original songs appear on a number of Anúna releases. "If All She Has Is You" appears on the Celtic Origins album and concert DVD and has been covered by Celtic Woman soloist Lynn Hilary on her debut solo album. Other arrangements and original pieces include "The Fisher King", "Buachaill ón Éirne", "Siúil a Rúin" and "O Come All Ye Faithful". He features as a soloist on the albums Christmas Songs, Invocation, Anúna, Deep Dead Blue, Christmas Memories, Celtic Origins and Cynara. He appears as a soloist on the DVDs Invocations of Ireland, Celtic Origins and Christmas Memories.[citation needed]

A number of singers who have left the choir have gone on to achieve international recognition in their own right:

  • Eimear Quinn, a soprano, was a member in 1995 and 1996, and won the Eurovision Song Contest in 1996 while a member.[65] She has recorded numerous solos with the choir, including "The Mermaid", "Diwanit Bugale", "The Green Laurel", "Gaudete" and "Salve Rex Gloriae". She appears on the albums Omnis and Deep Dead Blue.
  • Ian King, a British songwriter working in the English folk music genre, was a tenor with Anúna from 1996 to 1997. His debut album, Panic Grass and Fever Few gained four-star reviews in the Guardian and Observer newspapers in the UK, and he was featured on the 2009 thirtieth anniversary cover of the influential fRoots magazine.
  • Julie Feeney is a successful solo female artist and she sang alto with Anúna from 1997 to 2001.
  • Hozier, also known as Andrew Hozier-Byrne, was a member of Anúna from 2009 to 2012, and appears as a soloist on their 2012 release Illumination singing "La Chanson de Mardi Gras". He toured and sang with the group internationally including performances in Norway and the Netherlands.[66]
  • Dónal Kearney and Zach Trouton of the Northern Irish band Trú, nominated for Best Album at Northern Ireland Music Prize and ranked in MOJO's Top 10 Folk Albums of the year, met in ANÚNA. Kearney is featured as a soloist on "Na Coille Cumhra" and "Summer Song".[67]

Some of the singers who have featured as soloists in Celtic Woman are ex-members of the group:

  • Méav Ní Mhaolchatha is a soprano recording artist, who was a member of the choir between 1994 and 1998.[65] She has recorded numerous solos with the choir, including "Midnight", "The Lass of Glenshee", "Geantraí", "When I was in My Prime" and "The Mermaid". She appears on the albums Omnis, Deep Dead Blue and Behind the Closed Eye.
  • Órla Fallon is a solo recording artist traditional music who was a member of Anúna in 1996.[65] In 2010, her PBS Christmas Special "Órla Fallon's Celtic Christmas", also released as a CD and DVD, features Anúna on the track "Away in a Manger" performing with her.[68]
  • Deirdre Shannon began her professional career in 1996 when she became a member of Anúna and features as a soloist on the original album release of "Behind the Closed Eye" as a soloist on the track "1901".
  • Lynn Hilary was a member of Anúna between 2000 and 2007.[65] She has recorded numerous solos with the choir, including "Midnight", "Codhlaím go Suan", "The Last Rose", "The Road of Passage" and "Annaghdown". She appears on the albums Christmas Songs, Invocation, Sensation and Behind the Closed Eye. In 2012 she featured as a soloist on two tracks, "Siosuram So" and "Summer Song" from the Anúna album Illumination (2012). She also features as a soloist on the Anúna album Revelation (2015).
  • Éabha McMahon is a sean nós singer and joined Celtic Woman in 2015. She features as a soloist on two Anúna albums "Christmas Memories" (2008) and "Revelation" (2015).
  • Tara McNeill sang with Anúna from 2010 to 2016 and joined Celtic Woman in 2016 as featured violinist in the show.

Discography

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Albums and DVD releases

[edit]

The group has released many albums and several DVDs since 1991:[69]

Year Title Format Tracks Soloists Guest artist(e)s Cover art Notes Reference
1990 An Uaithne Cassette (only)
1991 An Uaithne Cassette (only)
1993 ANÚNA CD 16 1995 Billboard Top World Music Albums (Peak no.11).[70] Re-recorded and re-released 2005
1994 Invocation CD 14 Re-recorded and re-released 2002
1995 Omnis (Original edition)+ CD 15
1996 Omnis (Special Edition)+ CD 16 Entirely re-recorded
1996 Deep Dead Blue CD 13 Remastered and Remixed 2004, nominated for a Classical Brit Award 2000[71]
1997 Behind the Closed Eye CD 13 Remastered and Remixed 2003 (re-released)
1998 Ocean CD 5 Limited release promotional EP of five songs, commissioned by BT and the ESB
2000 Cynara CD 15
2002 Essential Anúna++ CD 24 Released world-wide on Universal Classics and Jazz [72]
2002 Winter Songs++ CD 13 Re-released as Christmas Songs by Koch Records, 2004
2005 Anúna Live at Annedal++ CD 21 Swedish release (21 tracks)
2005 The Best of Anúna++ CD 21 European release, different to the Essential compilation
2005 Essential Anúna++ CD 19 US-only release, Koch Records
2006 Sensation CD 11 Gilles Servat (Recitation)
2006 Celtic Dreams CD 13 Valley Entertainment[73]
2007 Celtic Origins CD, DVD 19 2007 Billboard Top Heatseekers (Peak no.10) & Billboard Top World Music Albums (Peak no.6).[70] DVD: USA public television "enhanced release" of Cleveland, Ohio performance (23 tracks)
2008 Christmas Memories CD, DVD 14 2011 September, Billboard 200 Album Chart (Peak no.95),[74] 2008 Billboard Top Heatseekers (Peak no.23), Billboard Top World Music Albums (Peak no.6).[70]
2009 Invocations of Ireland DVD 19
2009 Sanctus 7
2010 The Best of Anúna (New edition) ++ CD 22
2010 Christmas with Anúna CD 13
2012 Illumination CD 15
2013 Relics Digital, CD 14
2014 Illuminations CD 14 Full Remix of "Illumination", with the addition of Linda Lampenius on the tracks "Fegaidh Uaibh", "Greensleeves" and "Scarborough Fair".
2015 Revelation CD 12
2016 Sunshine/Shadows Digital Only 5
2017 Takahime (single) Digital Only
2017 Songs of the Whispering Things Digital Only 7
2017 A Christmas Selection ++ CD 22
2017 Selected 1987-2017 ++ CD 21 Limited Edition CD release, 1000 copies
2017 Selected II 1987-2017 ++ CD 21 Limited Edition CD release, 1000 copies
2018 Transcendence ++ Digital Only 13 Previously released as "Sanctus", but Remastered and Remixed. Includes new tracks "Lorica" and "Transcendence".
2019 Anúna : Collection ++ Digital Only 15 Compilation, includes two previously unreleased tracks "Blackbird" and "I Will Give My Love an Apple"
2021 When the War is Over Digital Only 4
2022 Evocation Digital Only 11 Remix Compilation, 11 tracks.
2022 "Christmas from Ireland" Digital Only 13 Release of the soundtrack to the 2020 film "ANÚNA : On a Cold Winter's Night". 13 Tracks.
2023 Otherworld Digital, CD, Vinyl 11 Lauren McGlynn, Aisling McGlynn, Þórhallur Auður Helgason
2025 Eilífð Digital, CD 10 Lauren McGlynn, Aisling McGlynn, Þórhallur Auður Helgason, Lucy Champion, Bjarni Gudmundsson, Karl James Pestka, Caitríona Sherlock, Pétur Oddbergur Heimisson, Bryndís Guðjónsdóttir, Lorna Breen
2025 Sanctum Digital Only 14 Monica Donlon, Miriam Blennerhassett, Aisling McGlynn, Máire Lang, Eimear Quinn, Kim Lynch, Michael McGlynn, Lucy Champion, Andrea Delaney, Nejc Rudel, Joanna Fagan, Derina Johnson

+ Both albums amalgamated into a single, remastered release in 2003
++ Indicates a compilation

Recorded collaborations

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References

[edit]
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  44. ^ Xenoblade Chronicles 2 - 'SHADOW OF THE LOWLANDS' Music Video - Nintendo Switch on YouTube
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