Assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila
| Assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila | |
|---|---|
| Location | Palais de Marbre, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Coordinates | 4°21′50″S 15°15′02″E / 4.3639°S 15.2506°E |
| Date | 16 January 2001 |
Attack type | Assassination |
| Weapon | Revolver (unspecified) |
| Deaths | 2 |
| Victim | Laurent-Désiré Kabila |
| Assailant | Rashidi Kasereka[1] |
Laurent-Désiré Kabila, the president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, was assassinated in his office inside his official residence at the Palais de Marbre, Kinshasa on 16 January 2001. The assassin who killed him was his 18-year-old bodyguard named Rashidi Mizele, who has also been previously identified as Rashidi Kasereka. Mizele was later shot dead. It was believed that some former child soldiers (kadogos) were part of this plan.[2][3]
Background[edit]
Kabila was responsible for the deaths of many kadogos in the time leading up to his assassination. The day before his assassination, Kabila had overseen the execution of 47 kadogos who were accused of plotting to kill him. Kabila's military standing had deteriorated, and his life was in jeopardy.[1]
In November 2000, Kabila thought that he had discovered a plot against him, and had arrested, tormented, and killed soldiers loyal to Commandant Anselme Masasu Nindaga, who had days earlier made a speech at a reunion for 1,200 kadogos in Kinshasa.[4] The conspiracy to murder Kabila began in early January 2001, when a group of kadogos traveled to Brazzaville and prepared Operation Mbongo Zero.[1]
Operation Mbongo Zero[edit]
The conspirators' scheme, known as Operation Mbongo Zero, outlined how they would infiltrate important buildings in the capital, such as the Marble Palace. Mbongo means "bull" in Swahili and "money" in Lingala. After gaining access to the palace, the penetrators would approach the president with a revolver and fire at him. This group of perpetrators were kadogos who had fought with Kabila against Mobutu Sese Seko's military dictatorship. Kasereka was reported to have said "I will kill him".[5]
Attack[edit]
On 16 January 2001, the assassin entered the president's office as Kabila was discussing with an economics adviser, Emile Mota,[6] about a forthcoming summit meeting with France, which he hoped would protect his presidency of the Congo. The assassin bent over Kabila, and, when the president leaned towards him, assuming the bodyguard wanted to speak to him, pulled out a revolver and shot the president four times in the abdomen. The assassin escaped the palace with other conspirators amidst gunfire.[1]
Former Health Minister Leonard Mashako Mamba was next door to the office when Kabila was shot, and arrived immediately after the assassination. Mwenze Kongolo had been waiting for admission to the palace at 1:45 pm and heard gunshots being fired inside the building.[6] Other bodyguards rushed into the room and fired at the assassin, who was hit first in the leg, then twice more to make sure he was dead.[6] After 15 minutes, Kabila was in a helicopter headed to a clinic in Gombe, Kinshasa. Curfew that day started at 6 pm, and after 8 hours, a motorcade set off from the clinic for the long drive to N'djili Airport, escorting the ambulance.[6]
Kabila was rushed in a helicopter to Harare, Zimbabwe for medical treatment, but was declared dead on 18 January 2001 at 10 am.[7]
Funeral[edit]
Kabila had a state funeral on 20 January 2001, when he was flown to Moba, his home village, then to Lubumbashi, then back to Kinshasa.[8] Kabila was buried in the Mausolée de Laurent Désiré Kabila, in Kinshasa. Armed Zimbabwean soldiers stood around the People's Palace, where the funeral took place, and nearby roads were blocked by armored cars. Hundreds of Angolan troops had also been called.[7]
The presidents of Angola and Zimbabwe were also present at the funeral.[9]
Aftermath[edit]
After his father's death, Joseph Kabila succeeded his father at the young age of 29, which makes him the first head of state to be born in the 1970's.[8] Some individuals were accused of being involved in a plot to overthrow his regime as well. Even with the loss of power, the government had remained stable.[8]
After the assassination, a group of kadogos were eventually arrested and admitted their involvement of the operation.[5] The assassination was an act of revenge after Kabila betrayed them after meeting with one of the kadogos' longtime enemy, Paul Kagame.[1] According to the Justice Minister Mwenze Kongolo, the killer was Rashidi Kasereka, who was shot later while escaping the palace.[1]
It has also been assumed that a bodyguard had shot Kabila.[10] An investigation found 135 people who were accused of the killing of Kabila, including 4 children.[11] Some sources stated 115 were accused.[12] No one was found to be the killer of Kabila. The RFI had stated on the air a radio message in France of Kabila's death. Foreign Minister Louis Michel told RTBF that Kabila's death was not a coup d'etat but was rather "an argument that descended into violence".[13] Michel had also stated that "[Kabila was] dead, killed by his own bodyguard, who had "apparently fired two bullets."
The assassin, Kasereka was in the Brazzaville-Kinshasa area before his death. 26 people, including Kabila's own cousin, Colonel Eddy Kapend, were sentenced to death, although they weren't under any capital punishment. 45 were proclaimed innocent and exonerated. 64 defendants were jailed.[11] According to the German press agency DPA, the alleged summary had seen the execution of Commandant Masasu and 34 of his colleagues. The persecution of members of ethnic groups from eastern Congo continued.
In Goma, a spokesperson had confirmed that officers of the Congolese Armed Forces had staged a coup d'état against Kabila. Interior Minister Gaëtan Kakudji had denied this fact.[14] Eddy Kapend made the following appearance on the Congolese television: “To the Army Chief of Staff, to commander of ground, air and naval forces and all regional military commanders: I order you to take charge of your units.” He continued, “Until further notice, no guns shall be fired for whatever reason.”[14]
19 years later, on 8 January 2021, President Félix Tshisekedi had pardoned 28 of the convicted inmates who served their sentences in 2005 from the Makala Prison in Kinshasa.[15] The countries involved have been speculated to be Rwanda which had been rivals with the Congo for a long period of time, and Angola.
In popular culture[edit]
Between 2009 and 2011, journalists Arnaud Zajtman and Marlène Rabaud researched and produced an investigative film about Kabila's killing with Al Jazeera. The film, titled Murder in Kinshasa, concludes that those convicted of Kabila's death are innocent, and that the assassination was in fact organized by Congolese rebel forces with the support of the Rwandan government, and approval of the United States.[16][17][18]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f Jeffries, Stuart (2001-02-11). "Revealed: how Africa's dictator died at the hands of his boy soldiers". The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
- ^ Guardian Staff (2001-02-11). "Revealed: how Africa's dictator died at the hands of his boy soldiers". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
- ^ "Ces enfants-soldats qui ont tué Kabila". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2001-02-10. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
- ^ "Rights group accuses Kinshasa of "executions"". The New Humanitarian (in French). 2000-12-18. Archived from the original on 2021-02-09. Retrieved 2021-02-05.
- ^ a b Stearns, Jason (2010-08-03). "What you didn't know about Congolese history: The Killing of LDK". Congo Siasa. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
- ^ a b c d Vick, Karl (2001-01-27). "Congo'sStrangelySmoothTransition". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
- ^ a b Onishi, Norimitsu (2001-01-23). "Congo Buries Elder Kabila (Published 2001)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-02-05.
- ^ a b c Onishi, Norimitsu (2001-01-27). "Glimpse of New President as Joseph Kabila Takes Oath in Congo (Published 2001)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
- ^ "Reuters Archive Licensing". Reuters Archive Licensing. Archived from the original on 2023-01-10. Retrieved 2021-02-05.
- ^ AfricaNews (2021-01-16). "DR Congo: 20th anniversary of Laurent Désiré Kabila's assassination". Africanews. Archived from the original on 2021-02-05. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
- ^ a b "The Chronic: Who Killed Kabila | Heinrich Böll Stiftung | Cape Town. South Africa | Namibia | Zimbabwe". Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung. Archived from the original on 2020-12-08. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
- ^ "Who killed Laurent Kabila?". The Economist. 2002-03-21. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2021-02-22.
- ^ "Kabila killed in the presence of sacked generals". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 2021-01-13. Retrieved 2021-02-22.
- ^ a b Ngolet, François (2011), Ngolet, François (ed.), "Kabila: A Prisoner of Himself", Crisis in the Congo: The Rise and Fall of Laurent Kabila, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 175–198, doi:10.1057/9780230116252_8, ISBN 978-0-230-11625-2, archived from the original on 2023-01-10, retrieved 2021-02-09
- ^ "Tshisekedi pardons Laurent Kabila killers". The East African. Archived from the original on 2021-02-03. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
- ^ Thomas Turner, 2013b, Will Rwanda End its Meddling in Congo? Current History, Volume 112, Issue 754, pp. 188-194.
- ^ Arnaud Zajtman, 28 October 2011, "Murder in Kinshasa." Al Jazeera, [1] Archived 2021-05-15 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Arnaud Zajtman and Marlène Rabaud, 9 June 2011, "Murder in Kinshasa." Al Jazeera, [2] Archived 2021-02-28 at the Wayback Machine.
Further reading[edit]
- Lemarchand, René (2009). The Dynamics of Violence in Central Africa. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812241204.
- Reyntjens, Filip (2009). The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521111287.
