2016 Austrian presidential election

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Austrian presidential election, 2016
← 2010 24 April 2016 (first round)
22 May 2016 (second round,
subsequently annulled)
2 October 2016 (new second round)		 2022 →
 
Candidate Norbert Hofer Alexander Van der Bellen
Party FPÖ Independent
(Member of the Greens)
President before election

Heinz Fischer
Independent

Elected President

TBD

This article is part of a series on the
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Presidential elections were held in Austria on 24 April 2016, with a second round run-off on 22 May 2016.[1] The President of Austria is directly elected by universal adult suffrage once every six years. The election is held under a two-round system; if no candidate receives more than 50% of votes cast in the first round, then a second ballot occurs in which only those two candidates who received the greatest number of votes in the first round may stand. The constitution grants the president the power to appoint the Chancellor and, by extension, federal cabinet ministers, Supreme Court justices, military officers, and most major bureaucrats. The president may dissolve the National Council. In practice, however, the president acts as a figurehead.

Incumbent president Heinz Fischer had served two terms and was not eligible to be elected for a third successive term. In the first round of the election, Norbert Hofer of the Freedom Party of Austria received the most votes. Alexander Van der Bellen, a member of the Austrian Greens contesting as an independent, placed second. The candidates of the two governing parties, the Social Democratic and Austrian People's parties, placed fourth and fifth respectively, behind independent Irmgard Griss in third place. Since no candidate received a majority of the vote, Hofer and Van der Bellen went head-to-head in the second round in May. This was the first time since the Second World War that an Austrian president had not been backed by either the People's or the Social Democratic party.[2] During the run-off, Van der Bellen defeated Hofer on 23 May 2016 after the postal ballots were counted.[3]

On 1 July, the results of the second round of voting were annulled after the Constitutional Court of Austria found that electoral rules (as stipulated in federal election law) had been disregarded in 14 out of 20 contested adminstrative districts (from a total of 117), resulting in over 77,900 absentee votes being improperly counted, however without any indication of votes having been fraudulently manipulated.[4] The second round re-vote will take place on 2 October 2016.[5]

Candidates

Social Democratic Party (SPÖ)

The most likely candidate of the Social Democratic Party was considered to be Labour Minister Rudolf Hundstorfer, though President of the National Council Doris Bures, former Chancellor Franz Vranitzky and former undersecretary for EU affairs de [Brigitte Ederer] were also mentioned.[6][7] On 15 January 2016, Hundstorfer was officially announced as the SPÖ's candidate.[8]

Austrian People's Party (ÖVP)

Justice Minister de [Wolfgang Brandstetter] declined to stand on 26 December 2015.[9] On 7 January 2016, ÖVP leader Reinhold Mitterlehner announced that Erwin Pröll, the Landeshauptmann of Lower Austria, would not be running.[10] Josef Pühringer, Landeshauptmann of Upper Austria declined to stand on 8 January 2016,[11] as did former European Commissioner Franz Fischler and Member of the European Parliament Othmar Karas. President of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber Christoph Leitl only said he would not comment before the announcement by the party leadership on 10 January 2016.[12] Controversial former chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel was briefly considered as a candidate, but he also declined.[13] Other names mentioned were former Science Minister and university professor de [Karlheinz Töchterle], former Foreign Minister Ursula Plassnik and former Raiffeisen Zentralbank manager de [Christian Konrad].[14][15][16] On 10 January 2016, former first president of the National Council Andreas Khol was announced as the ÖVP's candidate.[17]

Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ)

Norbert Hofer, who serves as the Third President of the National Council, had been considered the most likely Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) candidate. On 28 December 2015 he said that he considered himself too young for the office and that he would prefer his party to pick someone else as its candidate.[18] Possible candidates include president of the Austrian Court of Audit de [Josef Moser (politician); Josef Moser], former district mayor of Vienna's 1st District Ursula Stenzel,[19] ombudsman de [Peter Fichtenbauer][20] and possibly party leader Heinz-Christian Strache himself.[21] As of 11 January 2016, Fichtenbauer, Moser and Stenzel continued to be the most likely candidates.[22] Strache announced on 13 January 2016 that he would not be running himself, and that it was still open whether the FPÖ would nominate anyone at all.[23] In mid-January, Vienna vice-mayor de [Johann Gudenus] and former FPÖ leader and former vice-chancellor Norbert Steger were also mentioned as possible candidates.[24] On 19 January 2016, author and Middle East/migration pundit de [Karin Kneissl] was mentioned as being recruited by the FPÖ to run,[25] which she quickly declined.[26][27]

On 20 January 2016, media reported that Gudenus had been internally selected as the FPÖ's candidate;[28] on 26 January 2016, reports claimed Stenzel would be announced on 28 January 2016 as the FPÖ's candidate.[29] Amid strong FPÖ-internal dissent, there were rumours the party leadership had been forced to reconsider, and that Hofer was now the most likely option, after all,[30] with Gudenus also still in play.[31] Commentators opined that the backtracking was a notable defeat for Strache.[32][33] Hofer was announced as the FPÖ's candidate on 28 January 2016.[34]

The Greens – The Green Alternative

In early January 2016, it was announced that former Greens party leader Alexander Van der Bellen would not be running as the official Greens' candidate, as that would have required a party convention decision; this was also framed as an attempt to put personality above party politics in the election.[35] Van der Bellen announced his candidacy on 8 January 2016 in a YouTube video.[36] NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum leader Strolz stated that they would consider giving him the same support as Griss, depending on the same kind of hearing she went through.[37]

Other candidates

Independent candidate Irmgard Griss, a former Supreme Court of Justice judge and its president, declared her candidacy on 17 December 2015. She presented her candidacy to the Freedom Party of Austria and NEOS, but both declined to endorse her.[38] NEOS said they would support Griss and any other independent candidates indirectly, and voiced their concerns over the strong partisan politicization of the presidential office and the election campaign.[39] NEOS leader de [Matthias Strolz] stated on 9 February 2016 that NEOS might also support Van der Bellen, voicing his preference for a run-off election between Griss and Van der Bellen.[40]

Richard Lugner, society figure, businessman and candidate for president in 1998, was reported to be considering running again,[41] and stated on 8 February 2016 that he would very likely be running.[42] He announced his candidacy on 10 February 2016, citing a poll carried out for him by the Humaninstitut which showed him on 10% (behind Van der Bellen on 27%, Hundstorfer on 18%, Hofer on 17%, Griss at 15% and Khol on 13%).[43] Martin Wabl, who had attempted to run in 1998, 2004 and 2010, but failed to gather the necessary number of signatures of support, said he would try to run again.[44] Ulrich Habsburg-Lothringen, whose initiative to repeal the so-called Habsburg Paragraph, which had precluded members of the former ruling house from running for president, proved successful in 2011, stated he would like to run for president, but only if a political party decided to support him.[45] Adrien Jean-Pierre Luxemburg-Wellenstein announced on 8 December 2015 he would run for president.[46] Author de [El Awadalla] announced her run on 12 January 2016.[47] Krems activist Franz Stieger announced his candidacy on 13 January 2016.[48] Further independent candidates who announced their runs were Gustav Jobstmann,[49] Thomas Unden,[50] Gernot Pointner,[51] Alois Merz,[52] Georg Zakrajsek of the Interessengemeinschaft Liberales Waffenrecht Österreich,[53] Karin Kolland,[54][55] de [Robert Marschall] of the EU Exit Party,[56] Thomas Reitmayer of the Austrian version of the satirical political party Die PARTEI,[57] Erich Körner-Lakatos and Peter Fetz.

At the half-way point for collecting signatures, it appeared that only the five major candidates and possibly Lugner and Awadalla had a chance of making the ballot.[58]

Signatures

Griss was the first candidate to submit the necessary amount of signatures (6,000) at the Interior Ministry, submitting 7,851 on 8 March 2016.[59] By 11 March 2016, she had collected over 10,000 signatures.[60] By 16 March 2016, two days before the deadline, the five main candidates had submitted their signatures, with Awadalla still having outside chances to make it and Lugner likely to fall short.[61]

Surprising many observers, Marschall announced on 17 March 2016 that he had gathered the required number of signatures,[62] though it was unclear whether he would be using the grace period of three days to reach the required amount; Lugner also submitted his bid, but falling short of the required signatures, promising to submit the remaining amount within the grace period. Besides these two, only the five main candidates submitted successful bids.[63] On 19 March 2016, it was announced that the five main candidates had submitted the necessary amount of signatures, and that neither Lugner nor Marschall had (so far).[64] As expected by many analysts, Lugner claimed on 22 March 2016 to have made up the deficit, with Marschall clearly failing,[65] having gathered only 1,150 signatures.[66]

Voter statistics

Official ballot paper for the first round of voting

According to the federal election commission, 6,382,507 Austrian citizens aged 16 or over are eligible to vote in the presidential election. Compared with the 2010 presidential election, the number of eligible voters increased by 26,707 - or 0.4% . There are 3,301,628 women and 3,080,879 men eligible to vote. 42,830 Austrians living abroad are also included in these numbers as being eligible to vote.[67] In the first round of voting, 641,975 absentee ballots were issued - up from 373,902 in 2010. For the runoff, a record number of 885,437 absentee ballots were issued.[68][69]

Eligible voters by state:

  • Burgenland: 232,028
  • Carinthia: 440,435
  • Lower Austria: 1,283,676
  • Upper Austria: 1,099,420
  • Salzburg: 393,583
  • Styria: 969,487
  • Tyrol: 540,132
  • Vorarlberg: 269,940
  • Vienna: 1,153,806

Results

Constitutional Court hearings on the FPÖ's election challenge ( 20–23 June)

Hofer, the Freedom Party candidate, won the first round of the election on 24 April with an unexpectedly strong 35 percent of the vote.[70] Van der Bellen came second with 21 percent, and since Hofer failed to gain a majority the election proceeded to a run-off vote between the two, scheduled for 22 May. Independent Irmgard Griss came third with 19 percent, while Khol and Hundstorfer, representing the two governing parties, polled 11 percent each. The result was described as a "political earthquake"[71] and a "historic upset".[70]

The provisional result on 22 May gave Hofer 51.9% of votes; this was however without counting the absentee ballots, which were expected to favour Van der Bellen. Hence the winner was unclear until the absentee ballots were counted on Monday 23 May.[72][73] The final result with absentee ballots gave Van der Bellen 50.3%. He was to succeed Heinz Fischer as president on 8 July 2016.[74]

The Kronen Zeitung reported of some election irregularities such as a 146.9% turnout in Waidhofen an der Ybbs and another impossible result in Linz.[75] According to the head of the Interior Ministry's election department, Robert Stein, the results (which were simply a reporting error) were to be corrected in the official results.[75] FPÖ officials highlighted the discrepancies, but Hofer dismissed that there had been electoral fraud.[76]

On 8 June, the FPÖ announced that they would contest the outcome at the Constitutional Court. Between 20–23 June, the Constitutional Court questioned some 90 witnesses, mostly election officials from district election commissions.[77] A ruling by the Constitutional Court was expected before 8 July, determining if a repeat vote is to be organized in certain regions. Because of the complexity of the FPÖ's lawsuit, it also had been possible that ruling could come after 8 July. As a consequence, Alexander Van der Bellen's inauguration was to be postponed until a later date.[78]

On 1 July, the Constitutional Court declared the second round of the election annulled, requiring a repeat of the election.[79] The three Presidents of the National Council (Doris Bures - SPÖ, Karlheinz Kopf - ÖVP, Norbert Hofer - FPÖ) are designated to collectively serve as Acting Presidents of Austria, starting after President Heinz Fischer's term ends on 8 July and until the inauguration of the new President.[78]

Summary

Chart of first-round vote

  Hofer (35.1%)
  Van der Bellen (21.3%)
  Griss (18.9%)
  Hundstorfer (11.3%)
  Khol (11.1%)
  Lugner (2.3%)

Template:Austrian presidential election, 2016

First round results by state, district and municipality

Results of the first round of the election by state (left), district (centre) and municipality (right):
Results by state[80]
State Griss Hofer Hundstorfer Khol Lugner Van der Bellen Valid
votes
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Total
 Burgenland 21,870 12.44 73,676 41.90 30,802 17.52 22,910 13.03 3,317 1.89 23,278 13.24 175,853
 Carinthia 65,400 22.92 110,776 38.83 38,714 13.57 19,782 6.93 9,704 3.40 40,934 14.35 285,310
 Lower Austria 168,148 17.47 342,568 35.59 114,577 11.90 136,697 14.20 26,064 2.71 174,569 18.13 962,623
 Salzburg 47,856 17.97 99,476 37.35 26,200 9.84 35,038 13.15 6,054 2.27 51,735 19.42 266,359
 Styria 143,176 21.76 255,552 38.84 67,945 10.33 63,866 9.71 13,511 2.05 113,877 17.31 657,927
 Tyrol 59,372 19.24 109,552 35.51 18,796 6.09 38,969 12.63 6,660 2.16 75,190 24.37 308,539
 Upper Austria 131,013 17.47 263,487 35.13 88,419 11.79 99,432 13.26 14,259 1.90 153,436 20.46 750,046
 Vienna 138,577 19.09 200,933 27.67 91,030 12.54 43,627 6.01 14,131 1.95 237,765 32.75 726,063
 Vorarlberg 35,229 24.06 43,951 30.01 6,307 4.31 15,446 10.55 3,083 2.11 42,434 28.98 146,450
Total valid 810,641 18.94 1,499,971 35.05 482,790 11.28 475,767 11.12 96,783 2.26 913,218 21.34 4,279,170

Original second round results by state, district and municipality

Results of the second round of the election by state (left), district (centre) and municipality (right):
Results by state[81]
State Hofer Van der Bellen Valid
votes
Votes % Votes % Total
 Burgenland 107,128 61.43 67,249 38.57 174,377
 Carinthia 169,564 58.10 122,299 41.90 291,863
 Lower Austria 511,010 52.65 459,655 47.35 970,665
 Salzburg 144,938 52.80 129,569 47.20 274,507
 Styria 381,955 56.22 297,400 43.78 679,355
 Tyrol 169,587 48.61 179,281 51.39 348,868
 Upper Austria 376,647 48.68 397,119 51.32 773,766
 Vienna 288,608 36.68 498,168 63.32 786,776
 Vorarlberg 71,217 41.41 100,777 58.59 171,994
Total valid 2,220,654 49.65 2,251,517 50.35 4,472,171

Overturning

On 8 June, FPÖ chairman Heinz-Christian Strache brought a 152-page appeal to the Constitutional Court.[82] Strache charged that more than 30,000 votes had been prematurely tallied, more than 50,000 votes had been counted by unauthorized personnel, and over 500,000 ballots were invalid.[83] Other charges included minors and non-citizens having been allowed to vote.[84] The Austrian Interior Ministry acknowledged some irregularities but that the number of votes affected was not enough to overturn the results. "There was sloppiness," said Austrian Interior Minister de [Wolfgang Sobotka].[85]

Counsel for Van der Bellen argued that the irregularities would have had only an “insignificant” impact on results while lawyers for the FPÖ said they could have affected the results of the election.[86] But on 1 July, since Hofer had lost to Van der Bellen by 30,863 votes and the Court found that more than twice that number (77,926[86]) had been affected by breaches of the electoral code,[85] Constitutional Court head Gerhart Holzinger ordered that the second round be re-held.[84] Noting the irregularities, the Court said in a statement: “It is completely clear to the Constitutional Court that laws regulating an election must be rigorously applied... This must rule out abuse and manipulations.”[87]

Before the Court's ruling, Van der Bellen was scheduled to be sworn in as president on 9 July. Elections were set for 2 October 2016.[88] Until then, outgoing Austrian president Heinz Fischer would be replaced on an interim basis by the three presidents of the National Council, a "National President Council",[89] of which Hofer is the third.[86] Van der Bellen said that Austrians were “shocked and unsettled” by the Court's ruling, but that he expected to win a second time.[87]

Opinion polls

First round

Publication date Poll source Sample size Others/
Undecided
Hundstorfer
SPÖ 		Khol
ÖVP 		Hofer
FPÖ 		Van der Bellen
Greens 		Griss
Ind. 		Lugner
Ind.
2016
24 Apr Election — 11 11 35 21 19 2 —
20 Apr MindTake Research/Servus TV 504 7.7 7.2 35.6 26.9 18.3 4.3 —
19 Apr meinungsraum.at 600 14 9 22 26 24 5 —
18 Apr OGM/Kurier 889 15 11 24 25 22 3 —
13 Apr Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 16 11 24 26 20 3 —
8 Apr Hajek/ATV 700 14 12 24 27 19 4 —
8 Apr OGM/Bundesländerzeitungen 1,013 17 13 22 24 21 2 —
7 Apr Unique Research/Heute 800 14 12 23 29 18 4 —
6 Apr Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 14 12 23 26 21 4 —
24 Mar Spectra/ORF 1,000 14 13 21 29 19 4 —
24 Mar SORA/ORF 1,000 14 12 21 30 20 3 —
24 Mar Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 17 13 21 25 19 5 —
Polls conducted ahead of the release of the official list of candidates
24 Mar IMAS/Kronen Zeitung 1,017 21 15 21 19 13 7 4
23 Mar OGM/Team Griss 1,019 19 10 22 26 20 — 3
10 Mar Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 16 16 19 26 19 4 —
27 Feb GfK/Salzburger Nachrichten 1,800 19–20 19–20 16–17 24–25 18–19 — 2
25 Feb Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 16 14 19 27 19 5 —
5 Feb Hajek/ATV 700 15 17 20 29 18 — —
15 17 18 29 17 3 —
4 Feb Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 17 13 19 28 22 — —
17 13 18 27 19 7 —
30 Jan OGM/Kurier 504 23 14 17 26 20 — —
28 Jan Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 17 15 8 33 27 — —
Hypothetical polls with candidates who did not run
Publication date Poll source Sample size Others/
Undecided
Hundstorfer
SPÖ 		Bures
SPÖ 		Khol
ÖVP 		Pröll
ÖVP 		Leitl
ÖVP 		Hofer
FPÖ 		Moser
FPÖ 		Strache
FPÖ 		Van der Bellen
Greens 		Griss
Ind. 		Lugner
Ind.
2016
22 Jan Unique Research/Heute 500 15 — 13 — — — — 18 32 21 — 1
16 — 16 — — 13 31 22 — 2
17 Jan meinungsraum.at/ORF Im Zentrum 500 16 — 19 — — — 4 — 33 28 — —
14 Jan Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 16 — 19 — — — 3 — 31 31 — —
13 — 16 — — — — 21 25 20 5 —
2015
22 Dec M&R-Institut/NÖN 1,000 32.6 — — 43.0 — — — — — — — 24.4
— — — 46.4 — — — — 34.5 — — 19.1
— — — 40.1 — — — — — 35.0 — 24.9
19 Dec Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 12 — — 19 — — 9 — 29 31 — —
29 Nov Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 23 — — 31 — 10 — — 36 — — —
Gallup/ÖSTERREICH — 21 — — 27 11 — — 41 — — —
25 Oct Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 — 20 — — 29 9 — — 39 — — 3
25 Aug Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 18 — — 26 — 13 — — 41 — — 2
2014
20 Jul Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 25 — — 36 — 10 — — 29 — — —
Regional polling
Publication date Poll source Sample size Region Others/
Undecided
Hundstorfer
SPÖ 		Khol
ÖVP 		Hofer
FPÖ 		Van der Bellen
Greens 		Griss
Ind. 		Lugner
Ind.
2016
11 Apr Edwin Berndt/Vorarlberger Nachrichten unknown Vorarlberg 14 25 20 18 20 3 —

Second round

Publication date Poll source Sample size Undecided / Not voting
Hofer
FPÖ 		Van der Bellen
Greens
6 July Gallup/Österreich 600 51 49 —
6 July meinungsraum.at 600 37 37 26
27 June Gallup/Österreich 600 49.4 50.6 —
10 June Gallup/Österreich 600 49.4 50.6 —
22 May Election — 49.65 50.35 —
12 May Gallup/Österreich 600 53 47 —
11 May MindTake Research/Servus TV 505 52.3 47.7 —
28 Apr Gallup/Österreich 400 50 50 —
Polls conducted ahead of first round (2016)
24 Apr Hajek/ATV unknown 40 43 —
6 Apr Gallup/ÖSTERREICH (run-off polls) 400 48 52 —
10 Mar Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 45 55 —
25 Feb Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 42 58 —
5 Feb Hajek/ATV (run-off polls) 700 27 39 —
Hypothetical polls with candidates who did not advance to the second round
Publication date Poll source Sample size
Hundstorfer
SPÖ 		Khol
ÖVP 		Hofer
FPÖ 		Van der Bellen
Greens 		Griss
Ind. 		Lugner
Ind.
6 Apr Gallup/ÖSTERREICH (run-off polls) 400 — — 49 — 51 —
— — — 49 51 —
23 Mar OGM/Team Griss 1,019 30 — — — 48 —
— 20 — — 52 —
— — 26 — 52 —
— — — 33 45 —
25 Feb Gallup/ÖSTERREICH 400 — — — 56 44 —
5 Feb Hajek/ATV (run-off polls) 700 34 29 — — — —
28 — — 34 — —
32 — — — 34 —
— 30 — 37 — —
— — — 32 32 —

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See also

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