BRRISON
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The Balloon Rapid Response for ISON (BRRISON) was a NASA project involving a stratospheric balloon with science instruments intended to study comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) and other celestial objects.
The balloon featured an azimuth and attitude stabilized gondola carrying an 80-centimeter (31 in) telescope and two instruments on separate optical benches.[1][2] The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory contributed the BRRISON Infrared Camera (BIRC) for detecting water and carbon dioxide at 2.5 to 5 μm.[1][3] The Southwest Research Institute provided the Ultraviolet-Visible light camera (UVVis) with a fine steering mirror to detect hydroxyl (308 nm) and cyanogen (385 nm) emissions.[1][3] To save time, both the telescope and gondola avionics were refurbished from JHU/APL's Stratospheric Terahertz Observatory mission.[4][5] The BRRISON payload was intended to operate at 36,600 meters (120,000 ft) for up to 22 hours.[6] The mission cost US$10.2 million, excluding the balloon and NASA personnel expenses,[4] and progressed from concept to launch pad in ten months.[6]
While Comet ISON was the primary target, this mission also planned to observe other objects, including comet 2P/Encke, Jupiter and its moons, the Mizar star system, Earth's Moon, and asteroids 10 Hygiea and 130 Elektra.[7] Another goal was to measure Earth's atmospheric transmission and emission using BIRC and atmospheric turbulence using UVVis.[8]
The balloon was launched from the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility at Fort Sumner, New Mexico, on 28 September 2013 at 18:10 MDT (29 September 2013 at 00:10 UTC).[5][7] However, about two and a half hours after launch,[9] a communication interruption between hardware caused the telescope to return to its stowed position too rapidly, resulting in the stow bar being trapped.[10] Team members worked to fix the problem, but the telescope was unable to be redeployed.[9] The decision was made to keep the balloon afloat until it reached a safe location for mission termination, which occurred on 29 September at 06:04 MDT (12:04 UTC).[5] The gondola and its payload was released under parachute and recovered near Spur, Texas,[5] in "excellent condition".[11] The hardware may be reused on future balloon missions.[12]
References
- ^ a b c Kremic & Cheng 2014, p. 5.
- ^ Landis 2013, p. 15.
- ^ a b "BRRISON". NASA Planetary Data System Small Body Node. University of Maryland. 20 November 2014. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ a b Landis 2013, p. 11.
- ^ a b c d Pacheco, Luis Eduardo, ed. (2014). "BRRISON (Balloon Rapid Response for ISON)". StratoCat. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ a b "NASA's BRRISON Heads West to Prepare to Meet Comet ISON". Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ a b Brown, Geoffrey (28 September 2013). "BRRISON Soars to Study Comet ISON" (Press release). Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ Cheng et al. 2013, p. 11.
- ^ a b Eggers, Jeremy (29 September 2013). "BRRISON suffers science payload anomaly, unable to collect data". NASA. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ Kremic & Cheng 2014, p. 10.
- ^ Kremic & Cheng 2014, p. 11.
- ^ Kremic & Cheng 2014, p. 12.
Bibliography
- Kremic, Tibor; Cheng, Andrew (2014). Planetary Science from Stratospheric Balloons, BRRISON Mission Overview, and Potential 2014 Re-flight Options (PDF). 10th Meeting of the NASA Small Bodies Assessment Group. 8–9 January 2014. Washington, D.C. 09-1100.
{{cite conference}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Landis, Rob (18 September 2013). "BRRISON Overview" (PDF). NASA Planetary Science Division.
{{cite web}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Cheng, Andrew; Arnold, Steve; et al. (2013). Mission to Catch Comet ISON (PDF). Comet ISON Observer's Workshop. 1–2 August 2013. Laurel, Maryland.
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External links
- BRRISON at NASA Solar System Exploration
- BRRISON: First Planetary Balloon Mission in 50 Years, document at NASA Solar System Exploration