Badaga language
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Badaga | |
---|---|
படுக (ಬಡಗ) | |
Native to | India |
Region | The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu |
Ethnicity | Badaga |
Tamil script | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | bfq |
Glottolog | bada1257 |
Badaga is a southern Dravidian language spoken by the Badaga people of the Nilgiris district of Northwest Tamil Nadu. The language is closely related to Kannada.[1]
Phonology[edit]
Badaga has five vowels qualities, /i e a o u/, each of which may be long or short and until the 1930s were contrastively half and fully retroflexed, for a total of 30 vowel phonemes.[2] Current speakers only distinguish retroflection for a few vowels.[3]
IPA | Gloss |
---|---|
/noː/ | disease |
/po˞˞ː/ | scar |
/mo˞e˞/ | sprout |
/a˞e˞/ | tiger's den |
/ha˞ːsu/ | to spread out |
/ka˞˞ːʃu/ | to remove |
/i˞ːu˞˞/ | seven |
/hu˞˞ːj/ | tamarind |
/be˞ː/ | bangle |
/be˞˞ː/ | banana |
/huj/ | to strike |
/hu˞j/ | tamarind |
/u˞˞j/ | chisel |
Note on transcription: rhoticity ⟨◌˞⟩ indicates half-retroflexion; doubled ⟨◌˞˞⟩ it indicates full retroflexion.
Bilabial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɳ | |||
Stop | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | c | k |
voiced | b | d | ɖ | ɟ | g | |
Fricative | v | s | ||||
Approximant | l | ɻ | j | |||
Trill | r |
Writing system[edit]
Several attempts were made at constructing an orthography based on English, Kannada and Tamil. The earliest printed book using Kannada script was a Christian work, "Anga Kartagibba Yesu Kristana Olleya Suddiya Pustaka" by Basel Mission Press of Mangaluru in 1890.[5]
The Badaga language is also written in the Tamil script.
List of Books in Kannada Script:[6]
- Anga Kartagibba Yesu Kristana Olleya Suddiya Pustaka
- Jonah
- Mana Kannadi
- Marka Bareda Loka ratchagana kade
- Zion
Dictionary[edit]
The Badaga language is well studied and several Badaga-English Dictionaries have been produced since the latter part of the nineteenth century.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ Hockings, Paul (2004), "Badaga", in Ember, Carol R.; Ember, Melvin (eds.), Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World’s Cultures Volume I: Topics Volume II: Cultures, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 572–578, doi:10.1007/0-387-29905-x_57, ISBN 978-0-387-29905-1
- ^ Emenau (1931) reports no tokens of /i˞˞/, but suggests this is an accidental gap.
- ^ "Badaga". UCLA Phonetics Lab. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ^ "Word List for Badaga". UCLA Phonetics Lab. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ^ http://gospelgo.com/q/Badaga%20Bible%20-%20Gospel%20of%20Luke.pdf
- ^ https://archive.org/details/kannadabadagakur00brit
- ^ Paul Hockings, Christiane Pilot-Raichoor (1992). A Badaga-English Dictionary (Reprint ed.). Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110126778. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
External links[edit]
![]() |
Badaga language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator |
- Online community of Badagas worldwide
- Badaga literature
- A website on the Badaga
- Audio recordings in Badaga, with annotations in trilingual format (Badaga, English, French) – transcribed and translated by C. Pilot-Raichoor – site of the Pangloss Collection, CNRS-LACITO