Badaga language
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| Badaga | |
|---|---|
| படக, ಬಡಗ, ബഡഗ | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu |
| Ethnicity | Badaga |
Native speakers | 134,000 (2011 census)[1] |
| Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Yogesh Badagu | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bfq |
| Glottolog | bada1257 |
Badaga is a southern Dravidian language spoken by the Badaga people of the Nilgiris district of Northwest Tamil Nadu. The language is closely related to the Kannada language.[2]
Phonology[edit]
Badaga has five vowel qualities, /i e a o u/, where each of them may be long or short, and until the 1930s they were contrastively half and fully retroflexed, for a total of 30 vowel phonemes.[3] Current speakers only distinguish retroflection of a few vowels.[4]
| IPA | Gloss |
|---|---|
| /noː/ | disease |
| /po˞˞ː/ | scar |
| /mo˞e˞/ | sprout |
| /a˞e˞/ | tiger's den |
| /ha˞ːsu/ | to spread out |
| /ka˞˞ːʃu/ | to remove |
| /i˞ːu˞˞/ | seven |
| /hu˞˞ːj/ | tamarind |
| /be˞ː/ | bangle |
| /be˞˞ː/ | banana |
| /huj/ | to strike |
| /hu˞j/ | tamarind |
| /u˞˞j/ | chisel |
Note on transcription: rhoticity ⟨◌˞⟩ indicates half-retroflexion; doubled ⟨◌˞˞⟩ it indicates full retroflexion.
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɳ | |||
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | c | k |
| voiced | b | d | ɖ | ɟ | g | |
| Fricative | v | s | ||||
| Approximant | l | ɻ | j | |||
| Trill | r | |||||
Writing system[edit]
Several attempts have been made at constructing an orthography based on English, Kannada and Tamil. The earliest printed book using Kannada script was a Christian work, "Anga Kartagibba Yesu Kristana Olleya Suddiya Pustaka" by Basel Mission Press of Mangaluru in 1890.[6]
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Badaga can also be written in the Kannada script and Tamil script.
Dictionary[edit]
Badaga is well studied and several Badaga-English Dictionaries have been produced since the latter part of the nineteenth century.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ Badaga at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021)
- ^ Hockings, Paul (2004), "Badaga", in Ember, Carol R.; Ember, Melvin (eds.), Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World’s Cultures Volume I: Topics Volume II: Cultures, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 572–578, doi:10.1007/0-387-29905-x_57, ISBN 978-0-387-29905-1
- ^ Emenau (1931) reports no tokens of /i˞˞/, but suggests this is an accidental gap.
- ^ "Badaga". UCLA Phonetics Lab. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ^ "Word List for Badaga". UCLA Phonetics Lab. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ^ http://gospelgo.com/q/Badaga%20Bible%20-%20Gospel%20of%20Luke.pdf[bare URL PDF]
- ^ Paul Hockings, Christiane Pilot-Raichoor (1992). A Badaga-English Dictionary (Reprint ed.). Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110126778. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
External links[edit]
- Online community of Badagas worldwide
- Badaga literature
- A website on the Badaga
- Audio recordings in Badaga, with annotations in trilingual format (Badaga, English, French) Archived 9 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine – transcribed and translated by C. Pilot-Raichoor – site of the Pangloss Collection, CNRS-LACITO
