Bais, Negros Oriental

Coordinates: 9°35′26″N 123°07′17″E / 9.590661°N 123.121269°E / 9.590661; 123.121269
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Bais
Component city
City of Bais
Flag of Bais
Flag
Official seal of Bais
Seal
Nicknames: 
Sugar Estate of the South
City of Whales and Dolphins
Map of Negros Oriental with Bais highlighted
Map of Negros Oriental with Bais highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Map
Bais is located in Philippines
Bais
Bais
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 9°35′26″N 123°07′17″E / 9.590661°N 123.121269°E / 9.590661; 123.121269
CountryPhilippines
RegionCentral Visayas
ProvinceNegros Oriental
District 2nd district
CityhoodSeptember 7, 1968
Barangays35 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Panlungsod
 • MayorLuigi Marcel T. Goñi (NPC)
 • Vice MayorMercedes T. Goñi (NPC)
 • RepresentativeManuel T. Sagarbarria
 • City Council
Members
 • Electorate65,320 voters (2022)
Area
[2]
 • Total319.64 km2 (123.41 sq mi)
Elevation
179 m (587 ft)
Highest elevation
926 m (3,038 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
 • Total84,317
 • Density260/km2 (680/sq mi)
 • Households
20,047
Economy
 • Income class3rd city income class
 • Poverty incidence
22.80
% (2018)[4]
 • Revenue₱ 846.3 million (2020)
 • Assets₱ 3,405 million (2020)
 • Expenditure₱ 489.7 million (2020)
 • Liabilities₱ 662.2 million (2020)
Service provider
 • ElectricityNegros Oriental 1 Electric Cooperative (NORECO 1)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
6206
PSGC
074604000
IDD : area code +63 (0)35
Native languagesCebuano
Ata
Tagalog

Bais, officially the City of Bais (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Bais; Filipino: Lungsod ng Bais), is a 3rd class component city in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 84,317 people.[3]

Etymology[edit]

In the early days of Spanish exploration, some Spaniards came upon a swampy land and docked their boats at the vicinity of the two small islets that guarded the village. While exploring the place, they saw natives fishing along the coast. The Spaniards approached the natives and asked for the name of the place. The natives could not understand Spanish, and believing that the Spaniards were asking for the name of their catch, the natives answered saying "Ba-is"; from that day on, this swampy valley of the Old Panlabangan and Talamban Hills became known as Bais.[5]

History[edit]

Pioneer in the sugar industry

Negros Oriental's economy was far from progressive, and its rich soil was not utilized to its full capacity in the 1850s. During those years, people in Negros Island are depicted as having a life of content for they tended to produce only enough goods to meet their daily needs. Even before the sugar boom of the 1850s, Negros Oriental was already producing sugar. The transport of most of its product was mainly done from the ports of Iloilo, which explains the fast moving pace of development of the sugar industry in Negros Occidental, primarily due to its proximity to Iloilo. This situation was a disadvantage on the movement of sugar from the oriental plantations further away to the east.

According to Bais historian, Penn Tulabing Larena, a wide array of difficulties barred the development of the sugar industry in the Oriental part of the island. The pioneer sugar traders and adventurers include José Rodrigo Camilo Rubio and Diego García-Baena - both from Cádiz, Agustín de Sandes from Mexico, Aniceto Villanueva from Spain and Vicente-Anunciación Te (who later adopted the surname Teves, from Amoy Province, China). After hearing about the fertility of the flatland of Bais, these individuals carved away the virgin forests of the eastern side of the island. Many came and settled in the area and planted sugar cane, thus producing muscovado sugar (invented by Vicente-Anunciación Teves) from their mills which was then exported to Spain via Iloilo, the principal shipping point in the Visayas. This was loaded in large sailboats called lurchas or Batel built by Aniceto Villanueva and Joaquín Montenegro.

The Mojon Chapel, built in 1918

Bais credits much of its progress to the Central Azucarera de Bais, the largest producer of raw sugar in Negros Oriental. Established by the Real Compañía-General de Tabacos de Filipinas, S.A. of Spain in the early 1900s, it is also the pioneer in the sugar industry in the Philippines. This industry reached its peak in the 1930s bringing affluence to the Negrenses and enabling them to build stately homes and to acquire properties all over the province.

Driving through the city's main national highway, sugar plantations can immediately be seen on both sides of the road. These areas are characterized by expansive lowlands that stretch as far as the eyes can see and are ideal for sugar planting because of the city's naturally fertile soil. It is no wonder why 73% of the city's total land area is devoted primarily to agriculture.

The Central Azucarera de Bais itself is an old foreboding structure of metal and hard wood. The offices may have seen better days, the dank smell of nostalgia hang heavy in the air, but are still functional. Nearby is the Casa Grande, an equally old residential compound surrounded by tall acacia trees, which was built for the use of the employees of the Azucarera. The two-storey wooden houses are greatly influenced by old Spanish design and architecture. Much of the houses have undergone restoration and continue to be used as homes of the representatives of the executives of the new management.

Further south are the stately plantation houses owned by sugar planters, mostly standing on one of the lots in the family hacienda. Inside the haciendas are chapels whose altar and icons date back to 1917. Educational visits to these places may be arranged at the Bais City Tourism Office. Visitors get to tour via the old railroad trams used by the milling companies to hasten sugar cane transport.

Geography[edit]

Bais City Hall (Presidencia de Bais) grounds

Located 45 kilometres (28 mi) from the provincial capital Dumaguete, it has a land area of 31,964 hectares (78,980 acres). There are two bays in the area, hence the name "Bais." The shore line is mostly mangroves, which are in danger of destruction due to the increasing population. The richness of marine life in the bays is because of these mangroves.

Bais’s name is derived from the Visayan word "ba-is" for brackish-water eel – a fish species native to the city and one which has become the city's delicacy. A former barrio and later a municipality, Bais, officially became a city on September 9, 1968 (R.A. No. 5444).

The territorial jurisdiction of Bais includes two islets (Olympia and Dewey) and the Bais Bay. The Bais Bay area holds a diversity of animal life and is a rich breeding and fishing ground for demersal and other fish species, and also invertebrates. South Bais Bay is also famous for dolphin watching.

The Pelarta River runs beside the city center. There is, however, a dispute that the name Bais was taken after the eels locally called "bais" that used to thrive in this river. The river has been the source of irrigation water for the nearby sugar farms. This has been vital in the success of sugar plantations in this area. This river also has a big influence on the city's geography, as it deposits sediments in the former mangrove areas during the (formerly annual) flood season. These former mangrove swamps have now dried out and become populated with residents. In the late 1970s, under the Genaro Goñi administration, a river control system stretching from the city center toward the low-lying areas was established in order to lessen flooding during the rainy season.

Barangays[edit]

Bais is politically subdivided into 35 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.


PSGC Barangay Population ±% p.a.
2020[3] 2010[6]
074604001 Barangay I (Pob.) 4.1% 3,478 3,868 ▾ −1.06%
074604002 Barangay II (Pob.) 11.2% 9,483 9,904 ▾ −0.43%
074604003 Basak 2.6% 2,175 1,610 ▴ 3.05%
074604004 Biñohon 1.6% 1,347 1,506 ▾ −1.11%
074604005 Cabanlutan 2.9% 2,417 1,996 ▴ 1.93%
074604006 Calasga-an 2.9% 2,484 2,556 ▾ −0.29%
074604007 Cambagahan 8.6% 7,234 4,990 ▴ 3.78%
074604008 Cambaguio 1.6% 1,371 1,244 ▴ 0.98%
074604009 Cambanjao 1.9% 1,597 1,504 ▴ 0.60%
074604010 Cambuilao 2.2% 1,816 1,633 ▴ 1.07%
074604011 Canlargo 2.6% 2,179 1,636 ▴ 2.91%
074604012 Capiñahan 2.2% 1,822 1,682 ▴ 0.80%
074604013 Consolacion 0.8% 638 586 ▴ 0.85%
074604014 Dansulan 1.3% 1,076 1,220 ▾ −1.25%
074604015 Hangyad 0.3% 238 206 ▴ 1.45%
074604030 Katacgahan 1.6% 1,350 1,029 ▴ 2.75%
074604017 La Paz 1.4% 1,169 962 ▴ 1.97%
074604018 Lo-oc 3.0% 2,543 2,226 ▴ 1.34%
074604019 Lonoy 3.7% 3,088 2,855 ▴ 0.79%
074604020 Mabunao 1.8% 1,488 1,413 ▴ 0.52%
074604021 Manlipac 3.8% 3,228 2,598 ▴ 2.19%
074604022 Mansangaban 1.5% 1,296 1,368 ▾ −0.54%
074604023 Okiot 4.5% 3,822 3,536 ▴ 0.78%
074604024 Olympia 1.2% 980 866 ▴ 1.24%
074604025 Panala-an 4.8% 4,065 3,790 ▴ 0.70%
074604026 Panam-angan 1.2% 1,015 1,244 ▾ −2.01%
074604027 Rosario 0.7% 576 273 ▴ 7.75%
074604028 Sab-ahan 8.4% 7,046 6,241 ▴ 1.22%
074604029 San Isidro 0.5% 389 340 ▴ 1.36%
074604031 Tagpo 3.2% 2,709 2,488 ▴ 0.85%
074604032 Talungon 4.4% 3,714 2,083 ▴ 5.95%
074604033 Tamisu 4.5% 3,827 2,884 ▴ 2.87%
074604034 Tamogong 0.7% 583 418 ▴ 3.38%
074604035 Tangculogan 1.5% 1,278 1,100 ▴ 1.51%
074604036 Valencia 0.9% 796 867 ▾ −0.85%
Total 84,317 74,722 ▴ 1.22%

Climate[edit]

Climate data for Bais, Negros Oriental
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29
(84) 		29
(84) 		30
(86) 		32
(90) 		31
(88) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		29
(84) 		29
(84) 		30
(86)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 23
(73) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		24
(75) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		24
(75)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 35
(1.4) 		28
(1.1) 		38
(1.5) 		51
(2.0) 		125
(4.9) 		195
(7.7) 		194
(7.6) 		173
(6.8) 		180
(7.1) 		192
(7.6) 		121
(4.8) 		64
(2.5) 		1,396
(55)
Average rainy days 9.2 8.2 9.9 11.3 22.5 27.3 28.0 27.2 27.1 26.9 19.7 12.7 230
Source: Meteoblue (Use with caution: this is modeled/calculated data, not measured locally.)[7]

Demographics[edit]

Population census of Bais
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 8,016—    
1918 13,952+3.76%
1939 22,471+2.30%
1948 17,869−2.51%
1960 33,653+5.42%
1970 40,095+1.76%
1975 45,672+2.65%
1980 49,301+1.54%
1990 59,591+1.91%
1995 63,355+1.15%
2000 68,115+1.57%
2007 74,702+1.28%
2010 74,722+0.01%
2015 76,291+0.40%
2020 84,317+1.99%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[8][6][9][10]

Economy[edit]

Poverty Incidence of Bais
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[11][12]
[13][14][15][16][17]


Loading sugar cane onto a truck parked on the National Highway that runs through Bais

Bais is the largest producer of raw sugar in Negros Oriental. There are two sugar mills in the city. The Central Azucarera de Bais was established by Tabacalera of Spain in the early 1918 and is the oldest in the country. The other mill is URSUMCO (Universal Robina Sugar Milling Corporation) which was formerly known as UPSUMCO (United Planters Milling Corporation) and constructed in the mid-1970s by Marubeni Corporation of Japan as a project of Ignacio Montenegro (also of Spanish roots). An ethanol plant of the Universal Robina Corporation (URC) that produces bioethanol for the local market has recently been inaugurated.[18]

Culture[edit]

Old locomotive in Bais

An annual fiesta is held each year on September 10 in honor of the city's patron saint San Nicolás de Tolentino, a celebration inherited from the Spanish era. On this occasion, most of the residents prepare food for anyone who visits - a tradition practiced not only in Bais but also in most towns and cities in the Philippines. Lately, the celebration has included mardigras and parades.

Seventy-three percent of the city's total land area is devoted to agriculture and the local economy is dominated by agricultural activities and output. The existing urban area in the city covers only 109.12 hectares. Sugar is the major commercial crop in the city. About 36% of the city's agricultural land is planted in sugarcane, yielding 1.16 million gross kilograms annually for the domestic and foreign markets. Bais is also home to two sugar mills or centrals: Central Azucarera de Bais and URSUMCO.

Fish production is the city's second income earner, with about 428 hectares of the land area devoted to fishpond development and operation and fish culture. Bangus (milkfish) culture is the dominant activity. In 2000, the bangus yield in the city was at 722 tons.

Dancer contestants in the city's Sipong Festival

The government of Bais operates ecotourism activities in the city, highlighted by whale and dolphin watching and nature treks. Two annual Bais festivals have also become tourism events: the Hudyaka sa Bais Mardigras (which was changed to Sipong Festival and later on changed back to Hudyaka) and the Christmas Festival (which showcases the city's, perhaps the province's only, giant rotating Christmas tree and colorful decors) since 1950.

A concern of the city is its liquid and solid waste management. At present, liquid wastes are emptied directly without treatment into the Bais basin. The current dump site for solid waste is due for closure, and site development for a new 12.5-hectare sanitary landfill is being finalized.

Bais is reported to be the last stronghold of the Spanish language in the Philippines, since some of the Spaniards are in the first settlement area of Negros, (and southeast of Bais) Tanjay.

Education[edit]

The public schools in Bais are administered by the Schools Division of Bais City.

Elementary schools[edit]

  • Amalao Elementary School — Sitio Amalao, Tagpo
  • Bais City Pilot School — Quezon Street, Hangyad
  • Bais City South Central School — Nat'l Highway, Calasga-an
  • Bais City Special Science Elementary School — Quezon Street, Hangyad
  • Bais City West Elementary School — La Paz
  • Basak Elementary School — Basak
  • Biso Elementary School — Sitio Biso, Cambagahan
  • Cabanlutan Elementary School — Cabanlutan
  • Calasga-an Elementary School — Calasga-an
  • Cambagahan Elementary School — Sitio Lomboy, Cambagahan
  • Cambaguio Elementary School — Cambaguio
  • Cambanjao Elementary School — Cambanjao
  • Cambayungon Elementary School — Sitio Cambayungon, Tagpo
  • Cambuilao Elementary School — Cambuilao
  • Cansanag Elementary School — Sitio Cansanag, Panala-an
  • Cipriano Alcala Memorial Elementary School — Capiñahan
  • Dansulan Elementary School — Dansulan
  • Dawis Elementary School — Canlargo
  • Dr. Ernesto M. Yared Sr. Memorial Elementary School — Sitio Caluy-ahan, Cambagahan
  • Katacgahan Elementary School — Katacgahan
  • Lonoy Elementary School — Lonoy
  • Lo-oc Elementary School — Lo-oc
  • Lowason Elementary School — Sitio Lowason, Sab-ahan
  • Mansangaban Elementary School — Mansangaban
  • Okiot Elementary School — Okiot
  • Palangging Elementary School — Sitio Palangging, Sab-ahan
  • Panala-an Elementary School — Panala-an
  • Panam-angan Elementary School — Panam-angan
  • Praxevilla Elementary School — Tamisu
  • Sab-ahan Elementary School — Sab-ahan
  • San Vicente Elementary School — Sitio San Vicente, Cambagahan
  • Sto. Tomas Elementary School — Sitio Candigumon, Manlipac
  • Tabuac Elementary School — Sitio Tabuac, Sab-ahan
  • Tacalan Elementary School — Sitio Tacalan, Sab-ahan
  • Tagpo Elementary School — Tagpo
  • Talungon Elementary School — Talungon
  • Tangculogan Elementary School — Tangculogan

High schools[edit]

  • Bais City National High School — Tavera Street, Hangyad
  • Bais City National Science High School — Maria Longa Drive, Hangyad
  • Cabugan National High School — Sitio Cabugan, Sab-ahan
  • Cambagahan National High School — Sitio Lomboy, Cambagahan
  • Dodong Escaño Memorial High School — Sitio Cantugot, Sab-ahan
  • Governor Julian L. Teves Memorial High School — Calasga-an
  • Javier Laxina I Memorial High School — Cabanlutan
  • Josefina T. Valencia National High School (formerly Panala-an HS) — Panala-an
  • Lonoy National High School — Lonoy
  • Lucila C. Yared National High School — Sitio Caluy-ahan, Cambagahan
  • Mansangaban National High School — Mansangaban
  • Manuel L. Teves Memorial High School — Canlargo
  • Mayor Praxedes P. Villanueva II Memorial High School — Tamisu
  • Okiot National High School — Okiot
  • Sto. Tomas National High School — Sitio Candigumon, Manlipac
  • Tagpo National High School — Tagpo
  • Tangculogan High School — Tangculogan

Integrated schools:

  • Mabunao Integrated School (formerly Mabunao ES) — Mabunao
  • Mangganay Integrated School (formerly Mangganay ES) — Sitio Mangganay, Panala-an
  • Olympia Island Integrated School (formerly Olympia ES & Bais City Olympia NHS) — Olympia
  • Palaypay Integrated School (formerly Palaypay ES) — Sitio Palaypay, Lonoy

Private schools[edit]

  • ABC Kiddie Center Bais — Zamora Street, Barangay II
  • UCCP Bais Early Childhood Education School Inc. — Tavera Street, Barangay II

Colleges & universities[edit]

  • Negros Oriental State University Bais Campus 1 – Sitio San Jose, Barangay II
  • Negros Oriental State University Bais Campus 2 – Quezon Street, Barangay I
  • La Consolacion College Bais (formerly Sacred Heart Academy) – E.C. Villanueva St., Barangay II

Transportation[edit]

Accredited Transport Cooperative as of January 2021:

  • Bindoy Mabinay Bais Transport Cooperative[19]

Notable personalities[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^  City of Bais | (DILG)
  2. ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Census of Population (2020). "Region VII (Central Visayas)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  4. ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  5. ^ Perez Villanueva, Josefa History of Bais 1979 Teves Press
  6. ^ a b Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region VII (Central Visayas)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  7. ^ "Bais: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  8. ^ Census of Population (2015). "Region VII (Central Visayas)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  9. ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region VII (Central Visayas)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ "Province of". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  11. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  12. ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
  13. ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. March 23, 2009.
  14. ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
  15. ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. May 31, 2016.
  16. ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019.
  17. ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  18. ^ URC starts taking fuel ethanol orders
  19. ^ "Accredited Transport Cooperatives as of January 2021" (PDF). Office of Transportation Cooperatives. January 2021.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bais, Negros Oriental.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Bais.
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