Bandi Chhor Divas
Bandi Chhor (Shodh, Chhor) Divas ("Day of Liberation") ( ਬੰਦੀ ਛੋੜ ਦਿਵਸ ) is a Sikh festival which coincides with the day of Diwali. Bandi Chhor Divas celebrates the release from prison in Gwalior of the Sixth Guru, Guru Hargobind, and 52 other princes with him. This day is known as Bandi Chhor Divas.[1][2]
The word "Bandi" is translated from Punjabi into English as "Imprisoned" (or "Prisoner"); the Hindi word "Chhor" (shodh) translates as "Release," and the Punjabi word "Divas" means "Day", rendering "Bandi Chhor Divas" into English as "Prisoners' Release Day".
Guru Amar Das chose Diwali, later referenced as Bandi Chhor Divas, as one of the three festivals to be celebrated by Sikhs, the others being Maghi and Baisakhi (or Vaisakhi).[3]
Description
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In the Sikh struggle for freedom from the oppressive Mughal regime, the festival of Bandi Shor (Shodh) Divas became the second most important day after the annual Vaisakhi festival in April.
In addition to Nagar keertan (a street procession) and an Akhand paath (a continuous reading of Guru Granth Sahib), Bandi Shor (Shodh) Divas is celebrated with a fireworks display. The Golden Temple, as well as the whole complex, is festooned with thousands of shimmering lights, creating a unique jewelbox effect.
History
The death of his father Guru Arjan, at the hands of Mughal emperor Jahangir prompted Hargobind to emphasize the military dimension of the Sikh community. He symbolically wore two swords, which represented miri and piri (temporal power and spiritual authority). He built a fort to defend Ramdaspur (Amritsar) and created a formal court, Akal Takht.[4]
These aggressive moves prompted Jahangir to jail Hargobind at Gwalior Fort. It is not clear as to how much time he spent as a prisoner. The year of his release appears to have been either 1611 or 1612. By that time, Jahangir had more or less reverted to tolerant policies of his father, Akbar, and after finding Hargobind innocent and harmless, he ordered his release.[5][2][6] According to Sikh tradition, 52 Rajas who were imprisoned in the fort as hostages for opposing the Mughal empire were dismayed as they were losing a spiritual mentor. Guru Hargobind requested the Rajas be freed along with him, and stood surety for their loyal behavior. Jahangir ordered that only those kings who could hold on to the cloak of the Guru could be released. Hargobind got a special gown stitched which had 52 hems. As Hargobind left the fort, the captive kings caught the hems of the cloak and came out along with him. [7]
Thenceforth, the Sikh struggle for freedom, which intensified in the 18th Century, came to be centered around this day. In addition to Vaisakhi (now in April), when Khalsa, the Sikh nation was formally established by the Tenth Guru Gobind Singh, Bandi Chhor Divas became the second day in the years when the Khalsa met and planned their freedom strategy.
Another important event associated with Bandi Chhor Divas was the martyrdom in 1734 of the elderly Sikh scholar and strategist Bhai Mani Singh, the Granthi (priest) of Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple). He had refused to pay a special tax on a religious meeting of the Khalsa on the day of Bandi Chhor Divas. This and other Sikh martyrdoms gave further momentum to the Khalsa struggle for freedom and eventually led to success in establishing the Khalsa rule north of Delhi.
See also
References
- ^ Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia, Volume 1:Phyllis G. Jestice [1]
- ^ a b Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed by Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair
- ^ Glimpses of Sikhism By Major Nahar Singh Jawandha [2]
- ^ Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia, Volume 1:Phyllis G. Jestice
- ^ Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia, Volume 1:Phyllis G. Jestice
- ^ The Sikhs : Their Journey Of Five Hundred Years by Raj Pal Singh (2004)
- ^ History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E by Surjit Singh Gandhi
External links
- Bandi Shor Diwas at diwalifestival.org. Retrieved 20 December 2011