Barquentine
| Barquentine | |
|---|---|
 Belgian barquentine Mercator | |
| Type | Sailing rig |
| Place of origin | Northwest Europe and America |
A barquentine or schooner barque (alternatively "barkentine" or "schooner bark") is a sailing vessel with three or more masts; with a square rigged foremast and fore-and-aft rigged main, mizzen and any other masts.
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Modern barquentine sailing rig[edit]
While a full-rigged ship is square-rigged on all three masts, and the barque is square-rigged on the foremast and main, the barquentine extends the principle by making only the foremast square-rigged.[1] The advantages of a smaller crew, good performance before the wind and the ability to sail relatively close to the wind while carrying plenty of cargo made it a popular rig at the end of the nineteenth century.
Today, barquentines are popular with modern tall ship and sail training operators as their suite of mainly fore-and-aft sails can be operated with ease and efficiency, but the single mast of square sails offers long distance speed and dramatic appearance in port.
Origin of the term[edit]
The term "barquentine" is seventeenth century in origin, formed from "barque" in imitation of "brigantine", a two-masted vessel square-rigged only on the forward mast, and apparently formed from the word brig.[Note 1][2]
Historic and modern examples[edit]
- Gazela Primeiro of 1901.
- Concordia, a sail training ship that capsized and sank on 17 February 2010.
- Mercator of 1932, Belgian training ship.
- Transit, an experimental design of 1800 that could be worked entirely from the deck.
- Peacemaker launched 1989.
- Many smaller ships of the late nineteenth century Royal Navy were rigged as barquentines, including the Redbreast-class gunboats.
- Endurance, commanded by Sir Ernest Shackleton and crushed by ice in the Weddell Sea during the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–17.
- KRI Dewaruci of Indonesian Navy, launched and commissioned in 1953, still in service now; a well-known tall ship used for cadet training and ambassador of the sea, sails around the world and visits many countries.
- Esmeralda, a sail training ship of the Chilean Navy.
- City of New York, an arctic sailing ship
- Polish-built Pogoria class sail training ships: Pogoria, Kaliakra and Iskra (1982).
- Thor-Heyerdahl[3]
- Southern Swan (Svanen), tall ship from 1922 re-rigged as a Barquentine from its original rigging as a Schooner. Sails on Sydney Harbour for cruises.[4]
- Juan Sebastián Elcano (1927)
- Spirit of New Zealand 1986 is a youth development training ship.
- Leeuwin II, a sail training ship based in Fremantle, Australia
Notes[edit]
- ^ Although in fact the term "brig" was a shortening of "brigantine", and for much of the sixteenth to eighteenth century the two terms were synonymous.
References[edit]
- ^ "Sailing ship rigs, an infosheet guide to classic sailing rigs". Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. Archived from the original on 28 December 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
- ^ T F Hoad, ed. (1993). Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-19-283098-2.
- ^ "Thor-Heyerdahl". Segelschiff Thor Heyerdahl gemeinnützige Fördergesellschaft mbH. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
- ^ "Svanen web page". Sail Australia. Archived from the original on 11 March 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
External links[edit]
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