Basque Mountain Horse
 On Gorbeia | |
| Conservation status | |
|---|---|
| Other names | |
| Country of origin | Spain |
| Distribution | Euskadi (Basque Country/País Vasco) |
| Standard | Boletín Oficial del País Vasco |
| Traits | |
| Height |
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The Basque Mountain Horse, Spanish: Caballo de Monte del País Vasco, Basque: Euskal Herriko Mendiko Zaldia, is a Spanish breed of horse from the autonomous community of Euskadi (the Basque Country or País Vasco). It is listed in the Catálogo Oficial de Razas de Ganado de España, the official catalogue of livestock breeds of Spain, in the group of autochthonous breeds in danger of extinction.[4] It is reared principally for meat.
History
[edit]The Basque Mountain Horse originated in the province and historical territory of Álava, the southern part of the País Vasco.[5]: 459 It derives from the horses of the traditional Pottok breed, which from the early twentieth century were cross-bred to imported stallions of draught breeds including the Ardennes, Breton, Comtois and Percheron.[5]: 459 [6]: 442
The original breed standard of the Euskal Herriko Mendiko Zaldia or Caballo de Monte del País Vasco was officially approved on 21 July 1999 and published in the Boletín Oficial del País Vasco, the official bulletin of the Basque Country;[5]: 459 [7]: 212 it was repealed in 2015 and replaced with a new one.[3] The first breed society was the Asociación de Ganaderos de Equino de Álava; separate societies later formed in Bizkaia and in Gipuzkoa. In 2014 the three societies merged to form the Euskal Herriko Mendiko Zaldi Arrazaren Federazioa or Federación de la Raza de Caballo de Monte del País Vasco.[8]: 4
In 2013 the total number of breeding animals recorded in the herdbook was 4556.[9] At the end of 2023 the total number registered was 6218, with a breeding stock of 3812 brood-mares and 288 active stallions in the hands of 313 breeders; both the horses and the breeders were all in Euskadi – no horse was reported from any other autonomous community of Spain or from any other country.[10]
Characteristics
[edit]The horses are of small to medium size, rustic, muscular and well-proportioned.[11] Average height at the withers (without distinction of sex) is 138.5 cm and the average thoracic circumference ('chest girth') 179 cm; the average cannon-bone circumference is 20 cm.[3]: 3 The facial profile is straight or slightly concave.[11] The coat is most commonly chestnut or bay in any shade, and roan and black can also occur; neither grey nor pied (piebald or skewbald) animals are eligible for registration.[5]: 460
Use
[edit]The horses are reared principally for meat, at times by breeding mares to stallions of foreign meat breeds such as the Axis and Comtois.[6]: 442 Management is extensive and transhumant: the horses spend most of the year pasturing at liberty on the mountains of Álava, but in winter are brought down to lower ground.[12]: 160 In the coldest winter months they may receive some additional feed in the form of organic straw or oats; like other transhumant livestock, they are given the extra salt they require.[5]: 460 In 2023 reproduction was by natural means only – mares covered by stallions; no use was made of artificial insemination.[10]
Foals are weaned at approximately six months old; they are usually slaughtered at about 12–16 months, at a live weight of some 165–185 kg.[5]: 460 [13] The meat may be marketed as Carne de Potro de la Montaña Alavesa;[5]: 461 this product is included in the Ark of Taste of the international Fondazione Slow Food per la Biodiversità.[13][14]
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On Gorbeia -
Mare and foal on Gorbeia -
In the Parque Natural de Pagoeta
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References
[edit]
- ^ Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to: The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
- ^ Breed data sheet: Caballo de Monte de País Vasco / Spain (Horse). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed September 2025.
- ^ a b c María Aranzazu Tapia Otaegui (30 November 2015). ORDEN de 30 de noviembre de 2015, de la Consejera de Desarrollo Económico y Competitividad, por la que se aprueba la reglamentación específica del caballo de monte del País Vasco (in Basque and Spanish). Consejera de Desarrollo Económico y Competitividad. Boletín Oficial del País Vasco 241 (5312, 30 November 2015): 1–11. Accessed July 2017.
- ^ Raza equino caballar Caballo de Monte del País Vasco: Datos Generales (in Spanish). Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Archived 13 June 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g Miguel Fernández Rodríguez, Mariano Gómez Fernández, Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo, Silvia Adán Belmonte, Miguel Jiménez Cabras (editors) (2009). Guía de campo de las razas autóctonas españolas (in Spanish). Madrid: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. ISBN 9788449109461.
- ^ a b Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
- ^ Carlos Sañudo (editor) (2009). Valoración morfológica de los animales domésticos (in Spanish). Madrid: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino, Centro de Publicaciones. ISBN 9788449109294.
- ^ [s.n.] ([s.d.]). Programa de Cría de la raza equina Caballo del Monte del País Vasco (Euskal Herriko Mendiko Zaldia) (in Spanish). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba: Euskal Herriko Mendiko Zaldi Arrazaren Federazioa/Federación de la Raza de Caballo de Monte del País Vasco. Archived 28 September 2025.
- ^ Raza equino caballar Caballo de Monte del País Vasco: Datos Censales (in Spanish). Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Archived 13 June 2014.
- ^ a b Datos censales (Caballo de Monte de País Vasco) (in Spanish). Madrid: Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Archived 18 August 2025.
- ^ a b Raza equino caballar Caballo de Monte de País Vasco: Datos Morfológicos (in Spanish). Madrid: Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Archived 27 September 2025.
- ^ Luis Planas Puchades (foreword) (2019). Razas de Ganado del Catálogo Oficial de España (in Spanish). Madrid: Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Archived 28 August 2025.
- ^ a b Carne di puledro della montagna Alavesa: Arca del Gusto (in Italian). Bra, Cuneo: Fondazione Slow Food per la Biodiversità Onlus/Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity. Accessed September 2025.
- ^ Carne de potro de la montaña alavesa Arca del gusto (in Spanish). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba: Slow Food Araba-Álava. Archived 28 September 2025.