Berteroa incana
| Berteroa incana | |
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| Species: | B. incana
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| Binomial name | |
| Berteroa incana | |
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Alyssum incanum | |
Berteroa incana is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Its common names include hoary alyssum, false hoary madwort, hoary berteroa,[1] and hoary alison.[2][3] It is native to Eurasia and it has been introduced to western Europe and North America.[2][3] It is listed as an invasive noxious weed in some areas of USA.[1]
Description
This species has been described as a biennial herb,[4] and as an annual to short-lived perennial.[1] It is hairy, with flattened star-shaped and simple hairs. It produces one or more upright stems usually 30 to 80 centimeters tall, sometimes exceeding one meter. The basal leaves are up to 8 to 10 centimeters long.[5] The leaves are hairy and grayish.[4] The inflorescence is a dense raceme of flowers. The four white petals are roughly half a centimeter long and are tipped with two lobes. The fruit is a hairy silicle up to a centimeter long.[5]
Uses
It is sometimes considered an ornamental plant good for landscaping purposes. It is planted to cover waste ground at mining sites and in urban areas in Europe.[1]
As a weed
This is an invasive species of roadsides, railroads, farms and pastures, riverbanks, vacant lots, overgrazed rangelands, and lawns. It tolerates cold winters and hot, dry summer conditions. It thrives in poor soils with sand and gravel, more often in alkali soils.[1]
It is a weed of alfalfa and clover forages, reducing their quality with its nutrient-poor herbage. It competes with native flora and reproduces continuously. It may reduce pollinators.[1]
The plant is likely introduced to new areas when its seed is distributed with agricultural crop seeds.[3]
Toxicity
The plant is toxic to horses. Green and dry material is sometimes found in alfalfa feed. Signs of poisoning include lameness due to laminitis and leg edema, stiffness, fever, diarrhea, intravascular hemolysis, hypovolemic shock, premature birth, abortion, gut ulceration, edema of the kidneys, pulmonary edema, and calcium crystals in the urine. It can be fatal, but most horses survive with treatment. The toxic compound is not known.[6]
References
- ^ a b c d e f Jacobs, J. and J. Mangold. Berteroa incana Plant Fact Sheet. USDA NRCS Bozeman. December 2008.
- ^ a b Berteroa incana. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
- ^ a b c Karran, A. B. and T. C. G. Rich. (2003). Geographical and temporal distributions of Alyssum alyssoides and Berteroa incana (Brassicaceae) in the British Isles and the relationship to their modes of introduction. Archived October 22, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Watsonia 24(4), 499-506.
- ^ a b Berteroa incana. In: Klinkenberg, B. (Ed.) 2013. E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia. University of British Columbia.
- ^ a b Berteroa incana. Flora of North America.
- ^ Berteroa incana. Archived December 11, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Poisonous Plants. Penn Veterinary Medicine. 2013.
Further reading
- Madani, H., et al. (2010). Seed germination ecophysiology of hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana L.) in different temperature, dry heat and anaerobiosis conditions. Plant Ecophysiology 2, 121-26.
- Mucina, L. and D. Brandes. (1985). Communities of Berteroa incana in Europe and their geographical differentiation. Vegetatio 59, 125-36.
- Reichman, O. J. (1988). Comparison of the effects of crowding and pocket gopher disturbance on mortality, growth and seed production of Berteroa incana. American Midland Naturalist 120(1), 58-69.