Black Russian Terrier
The Black Russian Terrier (), abbreviated as BRT, also known as the Tchiorny Terrier (tchiorny being Russian for black) is a breed of dog created in USSR in Red Star (Krasnaya Zvezda) Kennel during the late 1940s and the early 1950s for use as military/working dogs. At the present time, the Russian Black Terrier is a breed recognized by the FCI (FCI's from September 1983), AKC (AKC's from July 2004), CKC, KC, ANKC, NZKC and other cynological organizations. The contemporary Russian Black Terrier is a working dog, guarding dog, sporting and companion dog.
Despite its name, the Russian Black Terrier is not a true terrier: it is believed that about seventeen breeds were used in its development, including the Airedale, the Giant Schnauzer, the Rottweiler, the Newfoundland, the Caucasian Ovtcharka and other breeds.
History
The Russian Black Terrier was developed in the former USSR in Red Star (Krasnaya Zvezda) Kennel by the state for use as a military/working dogs. The breeding stock was largely imported from the occupied countries, especially East Germany. Breeds used in the development include the Giant Schnauzer, Airedale Terrier, Rottweiler, Newfoundland, Caucasian Ovcharka and other breeds. BRT were bred for working ability, rather than appearance, and early examples only resembled today's Russian Black Terrier in their build and coat type. The BRT was bred solely by the state owned Red Star Kennel in Moscow until 1957, when some puppies were sold to civilian breeders. These breeders began to breed for looks (as the original was rather plain) while retaining working ability. In time, the breed spread to the other parts of USSR like Saint Petersburg, Siberia, Ukraine and later to the first European country Finland and next to the other European countries: Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Germany and finally to the United States, Canada, Australia and others.
Description
Coat
The coat is a double coat with a coarse outer guard hair over a softer undercoat. The coat is hard and dense, never soft, woolly, silky or frizzy. It should be trimmed to between 5 and 15 cm (2-6 inches)[1] in length. It should form a beard and eyebrows on the face, and a slight mane around the withers and neck that is more pronounced in males. The coat is low-shedding and the colour is black or black with some scattered gray hairs. Sometimes puppies are born with a non standard color (black with lightening gene, steel-silver, black and tan and very rarely wheat or sable).
Size
According to the FCI standard[1] the male stands 72 to 76 cm and not more than 78 cm at the withers compared to the female’s 68–72 cm and not more than 74 cm. The male weighs between 50 and 60 kg (110-132 lbs), and the females weigh between 45 and 50 kg (99-110 lbs). Nowadays, even larger individuals are tolerated if the dog is well proportioned and retains correct movements.
At maturity (over 18 months of age), the AKC standard[2] recommends 27-30 inches for males with the desired height between 27 and 29 inches and 26 and 29 inches for females with the desired height between 26 and 28 inches. A mature male less than 27 inches or more than 30 inches at the withers is considered a serious fault. A mature female less than 26 inches or more than 29 inches at the withers is considered a serious fault. Although the standard also states "Height consideration should not outweigh that of type, proportion, movement and other functional attributes." In proportions, a Black Russian Terrier should be slightly longer than tall, a ratio of 9 ½ to 10 being ideal.[2]
Temperament
The character and temperament of the Russian Black Terrier is of utmost importance. The Russian Black Terrier is a calm, confident, courageous and self-assured dog. He is highly intelligent and adapts well to training. The Russian Black Terrier was initially bred to guard and protect. He is alert and responsive, instinctively protective, determined, fearless, deeply loyal to family, is aloof and therefore does not relish intrusion by strangers into his personal space. Shyness or excessive excitability is a serious fault.
Care
The Russian Black Terrier, because of its breeding as a working dog, has a very strong "work ethic", and needs a job to do in order to be happy. Early training is a must and they are very responsive to firm, consistent training, excelling at Obedience competitions. They also perform well in other dog sports, such as Agility, and Schutzhund training. They have a low-shedding coat, and need grooming several times a week. Dogs who compete in conformation need to be groomed a minimum of every three weeks to keep the coat in show condition. The Russian Black Terrier needs lots of exercise, and may become hyperactive and destructive if it does not have a chance to burn off its energy.
Health
The Russian Black Terrier is a generally healthy and somewhat long-lived dog (lifespan of 9–14 years), however it is prone to certain hereditary diseases:
Major concerns:[3]
Minor concerns
- Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) - a nutritionally based developmental disease especially in young, heavy, fast-growing puppies;
- Panosteitis (Pano or Wandering Lameness) - a nutritionally based developmental disease especially in young, heavy, fast-growing puppies;
- Heart Disease - the most common heart problems are aortic stenosis, mitral valve dysplasia, cardiomyopathy;
- Eyes Disease - the most common eyes problems are ectropion, entropion, conjunctivitis;
- Allergies are a common ailment in dogs, and the Black Russian Terrier is no exception. There are three main types of allergies: food allergies, contact allergies and inhalant allergies;
Other problems
- Hot spot;
- Fungal infection - especially in ears and beard area.
This is why it is extremely important to screen any potential breeders as well as their breeding stock. A well intended breeder will have all health checks on all breeding stock before making the decision to breed their dogs. While health checks on breeding stock can not guarantee a puppy will not develop any health issues later on, it is important to "do your homework" on any potential breeder.
References
- ^ a b "FCI-Standard N° 327" (PDF). Fédération Cynologique Internationale. 10 January 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ a b "Russian Black Terrier standard". AKC.
- ^ "Black Russian Terrier". Canine Health Information Centre. Archived from the original on 19 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Canine Hyperuricurosia". Veterinary Genetics Laboratory.
- ^ "Juvenile Laryngeal Paralysis & Polyneuropathy (JLPP) in Black Russian Terriers". Canine Genetic Diseases Network. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
External links
