Blake-class cruiser

HMS Blenheim
Class overview
Name	Blake class
Operators	Royal Navy
Preceded by	Template:Sclass-
Succeeded by	Template:Sclass-
Completed	2
General characteristics
Type	First class protected cruiser
Displacement	9,150 long tons (9,300 t)
Length	399 ft 9 in (121.84 m) oa 375 ft (114.30 m) pp
Beam	65 ft (19.81 m)
Draught	24 ft (7.32 m)
Propulsion	2 shafts 3 cylinder triple expansion steam engines 8 boilers 13,000 ihp (9,700 kW) natural draught, 20,000 ihp (15,000 kW) forced draught
Speed	20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph) natural draught 22 kn (41 km/h; 25 mph) forced draught
Capacity	1800 tons coal
Complement	570
Armament	2 × BL 9.2-inch (234 mm) Mk VI guns 10 × QF 6-inch (152 mm) guns 16 × QF 3-pounder (47 mm) Hotchkiss guns 4 × 14-inch (356 mm) torpedo tubes
Armour	Deck: 3–6 in (76–152 mm) 9.2 inch gunshields: 4.5 in (110 mm) Conning tower: 12 in (300 mm)

The Blake class was a two-ship class of first-class protected cruiser built around 1890 for the Royal Navy.

Design

The Blake class were designed under the supervision of William White, shortly after he had become Director of Naval Construction. They were planned to combine the roles of trade protection with the ability to operate with the fleet when required. As such, the design requirement combined high speed and long range. Unlike the previous class of first-class cruisers for the Royal Navy, the Template:Sclass-, the new class were protected cruisers, with protection provided by a full-length armoured deck with no side armour. They were the first class of first-class cruisers built for the Royal Navy.

Main gun armament was similar to that of the Orlandos, consisting of two 9.2 in (234 mm) Mark VI breech loading guns mounted in single mounts fore and aft on the ship's centreline, and ten 6 in (152 mm) QF guns, of which six were mounted in single mounts on the ships' top deck and the remaining four mounted behind armoured casemates on the ships' main deck. Secondary armament consisted on sixteen 3 pounder guns. Four 14 inch torpedo tubes completed the ships' armament, with two submerged tubes and two above the waterline. The arched armoured deck was at approximately the level of the waterline, with a thickness of 3 in (76 mm) at the centre and 6 in (152 mm) at the sides, while the ships' conning tower was protected by 12 in (305 mm) of armour. The 9.2 inch guns were behind 4.5 in (114 mm) gunshields while the casemates protecting the main deck 6 inch guns were 6 inch thick.

Machinery consisted of 4 three-cylinder triple expansion engines fed by six double-ended cylindrical boilers and driving two shafts. The engines generated 13,000 indicated horsepower (9,700 kW) under natural draught and 20,000 indicated horsepower (15,000 kW) with forced draught, giving a speed of 22 knots (41 km/h; 25 mph) with forced draught and 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) with natural draught. The forward two engines could be disconnected for longer endurance at low speeds. 1,800 long tons (1,800 t) of coal could be carried, double the fuel of the Orlandos, giving a range of 10,000 nautical miles (19,000 km; 12,000 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph), which was much less than the 15,000 nautical miles (28,000 km; 17,000 mi) expected.

Service

The two ships were obsolete by the outbreak of the First World War, and served as depot ships. HMS Blenheim had the more active career, supporting the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force at the Battle of Gallipoli, and repatriating three dignitaries to their home countries after their deaths abroad. They were Prince Henry of Battenberg and former Canadian Prime Ministers Sir John Thompson and Sir Charles Tupper.

Building Programme

The following table gives the build details and purchase cost of the members of the Blake class. Standard British practice at that time was for these costs to exclude armament and stores.

Ship	Builder	Maker of Engines	Date of			Cost according to
			Laid Down	Launch	Completion	(BNA 1895)
Blake	Chatham Dockyard	Maudslay	July 1888	23 Nov 1889	2 Feb 1892	£440,471
Blenheim	Thames Ironworks	Humphrys	October 1888	5 Jul 1890	26 May 1894	£425,591

References

• Brassey, T.A. (ed) The Naval Annual 1895
• Brown, D.K. Warrior to Dreadnought: Warship Development 1860–1905. London: Caxton Editions, 1997. ISBN 1-84067-529-2.
• Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
• Chesnau, Roger and Kolesnik, Eugene (Ed.) Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860–1905. Conway Maritime Press, 1979. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4