Carlo Maria Viganò

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Display name 99 (talk | contribs) at 13:17, 29 August 2018 (Undid revision 857057674 by 14.202.222.175 (talk) Reverting unexplained change.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

His Excellency

Carlo Maria Viganò
Titular Archbishop of Ulpiana
Viganò with US President Barack Obama
Appointed19 October 2011
Orders
Ordination24 March 1968
by Carlo Allorio
Consecration26 April 1992
by Pope John Paul II
Personal details
Born
Carlo Maria Viganò

(1941-01-16) 16 January 1941 (age 83)
Varese, Italy
NationalityItalian
Previous post(s)Apostolic Nuncio to the United States (2011–2016)
Apostolic Nuncio to Nigeria (1992–1998)
Official of Secretariat of State (1998–2009)
Secretary-General of the Governorate of the Vatican City State (2009–2011)
Alma materPontifical Gregorian University
MottoScio cui credidi
Styles of
Carlo Maria Viganò
Reference style
Spoken styleYour Excellency
Religious styleArchbishop

Carlo Maria Viganò (/vɪɡəˈnoʊ/, vi-gə-NOH; born 16 January 1941) served as the Apostolic Nuncio to the United States from 19 October 2011 to 12 April 2016. He previously served as Secretary-General of the Governorate of Vatican City State from 16 July 2009 to 3 September 2011.

Early life

Carlo Maria Viganò was born 16 January 1941 in Varese, Italy. Viganò was ordained a priest on 24 March 1968. He earned a doctorate in utroque iure (both canon and civil law).[1] He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See in 1973, and worked at the papal diplomatic missions in Iraq and Great Britain. From 1978 to 1989, he held posts at the Secretariat of State. He was named Special Envoy and Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg on 4 April 1989. In addition to his native Italian, he speaks French, Spanish and English.

His brother, Lorenzo, is a Jesuit priest.[2]

Apostolic Nuncio to Nigeria

On 3 April 1992, he was appointed Titular Archbishop of Ulpiana and Apostolic Nuncio to Nigeria by Pope John Paul II.[3] He was consecrated by the Pope, with Cardinals Franciszek Macharski and Angelo Sodano serving as co-consecrators, on 26 April. Pope John Paul II visited Nigeria in 1997 while Viganò was Apostolic Nuncio there.

Personnel chief at the Vatican

At the close of his mission to Nigeria, he was assigned to functions within the Secretariat of State as delegate for Pontifical Representations, making him the personnel chief for the Roman curia in addition to Vatican diplomats. He served in this role until he became Secretary General of the Governatorate on 16 July 2009.[3]

Secretary General of the Vatican City Governatorate

Further information: Vatileaks scandal

In 2009, Viganò was appointed Secretary General of the Vatican City Governatorate. In that role he established centralized accounting procedures and accountability for cost overruns that helped turn a US$10.5 million deficit for the city-state into a surplus of $44 million in one year.[4]

In 2010, Viganò suggested that the Vatican should drop out of the Euro currency agreement in order to avoid new European banking regulations. Instead, the Vatican chose to adhere to the Euro agreement and accept the new scrutiny that tougher banking regulations required.[5] In late January 2012 a television program aired in Italy under the name of Gli intoccabili (The Untouchables),[6] purporting to disclose confidential letters and memos of the Vatican.[7] Among the documents were letters written to the pope and to the Secretary of State, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, by Viganò, complaining of corruption in Vatican finances and a campaign of defamation against him. Viganò, formerly the second ranked Vatican administrator to the pope, requested not to be transferred for having exposed alleged corruption that cost the Holy See millions in higher contract prices.

On 4 February 2012, Giovanni Lajolo, Giuseppe Bertello, Giuseppe Sciacca, and Giorgio Corbellini issued a joint statement on behalf of the Governatorate of the Vatican: "The unauthorized publication of two letters of Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò, the first addressed to the Holy Father on March 27, 2011, the second to the Cardinal Secretary of State on May 8, for the Governorate of Vatican City is a source of great bitterness[...] The allegations contained in them can not but lead to the impression that the Governorate of Vatican City, instead of being an instrument of responsible government, is an unreliable entity, at the mercy of dark forces. After careful examination of the contents of the two letters, the President of the Governorate sees it as its duty to publicly declare that those assertions are the result of erroneous assessments, or fears based on unsubstantiated evidence, even openly contradicted by the main characters invoked as witnesses".[8]

Velasio De Paolis, former head of the Vatican's Prefecture of the Economic Affairs, its auditing office, said, "From what I know, I don't think there was actual corruption." But he did concede the possibility of "instances of a lack of correctness".[9] John L. Allen Jr. suggests Viganò's transfer could have been about personality rather than policy. "[T]his would not seem to be about a courageous whistle-blower who's trying to expose wrong-doing or prompt reform. The motives seem more personal and political."[10]

Apostolic Nuncio to the United States

On 13 August 2011, Secretary of State Tarcisio Bertone informed Viganò that Pope Benedict was appointing him Nuncio to the United States.[11] Reuters reported that Viganò was unwilling to take that assignment. One of the letters leaked by Benedict's butler in 2012 revealed that Viganò had gone over Bertone's head and complained in a letter to Benedict of corruption in the Vatican, for which Bertone arranged to transfer Viganò to Washington over Viganò's objections.[12] The Vatican published Viganò's Washington appointment on 19 October 2011 and Viganò became the 14th papal representative to the United States since the creation of the post in 1893 and the fifth to serve as a diplomatic representative accredited to the government since bilateral diplomatic relations were established in 1984. Viganò said he welcomed the appointment and said that being Apostolic Nuncio to the United States is an "important, vast and delicate" task; he was grateful to Pope Benedict for entrusting him with the mission and he felt called to renew his "trust in the Lord, who asks me to set out again". Being an Apostolic Nuncio, he said, is "a call to know this people, this country and come to love them".[13] Viganò chose 19 October for the announcement because it is the feast of the North American Martyrs.

Cardinal Timothy Dolan, Archbishop of New York, commented: "In a way, [it] enhances his credibility as someone who does not look upon the internal workings of the Holy See with rose-colored glasses, but is well aware of difficulties there."[10]

In 2014, Viganò allegedly ordered officials of the Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis to end an investigation into sexual misconduct on the part of Archbishop John Nienstedt, who was found innocent by police authorities.[14][15][16] On March 11, 2014, local county officials announced they had concluded an intensive investigation and would not file charges against Nienstedt, who announced his return to public ministry the same day.[17][18][14]

On 24 September 2015 during his visit to the United States, Pope Francis met Kim Davis, the Kentucky clerk who refused to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples. On 2 October, Thomas Rosica, a Vatican spokesman, said that the office of Viganò had extended the invitation to Davis. Chief Vatican spokesman the Rev. Federico Lombardi depicted the meeting as one among many brief introductions rather than an audience.[19][20][21]

Retirement

In January 2016, he submitted his resignation as required when he turned 75 years old. On 12 April 2016, Pope Francis accepted Viganò's resignation and named Archbishop Christophe Pierre to succeed him as nuncio to the United States rather quickly.[22] According to The New York Times, the Kim Davis incident was "part" of the reason that Francis "removed" Viganò from his post.[23]

August 2018 letter

On August 25, 2018, Viganò released an 11-page letter describing a series of warnings to the Vatican regarding Cardinal Theodore McCarrick.[24] Two months earlier, in June 2018, it had been publicly revealed that McCarrick had abused a minor as well as multiple adult seminarians. As a result, he resigned as a cardinal, was forbidden by Pope Francis from leaving the seminary grounds where he was residing, and from celebrating Mass in public, pending the results of a canonical trial.[25][26][27]

According to Viganò's letter, in 2000, Gabriel Montalvo (then nuncio to the United States) had informed the Vatican of McCarrick's "gravely immoral behaviour with seminarians and priests."[24] Subsequently, Viganò alleges, Pietro Sambi (nuncio from 2005 to 2011) informed the Vatican again before Viganò himself wrote his own memo regarding McCarrick in 2006.[24] However, according to Viganò, nothing was done to stop McCarrick.[24]

In his letter, Viganò accuses three consecutive Vatican secretaries of state, Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, and Cardinal Pietro Parolin, for knowing about McCarrick's behavior but doing nothing about it.[28] Finally, Viganò says he wrote a second memo in 2008, including material from clerical sexual abuse expert Richard Sipe.[24] As a result, in 2009 or 2010 Pope Benedict XVI allegedly placed severe restrictions on McCarrick's movements and public ministry, not allowing him to venture beyond the seminary grounds where he was living and not permitting him to say Mass in public.[23][24] However, according to Viganò, Pope Francis subsequently removed these sanctions and made McCarrick "his trusted counselor," even though Francis "knew from at least June 23, 2013 that McCarrick was a serial predator. He knew that he was a corrupt man, he covered for him to the bitter end."[24][23]

In his letter, Viganò names several high-ranking prelates that he claims were aware of Pope Benedict's restrictions on McCarrick, including Cardinal Donald Wuerl, Cardinal William Levada, Cardinal Marc Ouellet, Cardinal Lorenzo Baldisseri, Archbishop Ilson de Jesus Montanari, Cardinal Leonardo Sandri, Cardinal Fernando Filoni, Cardinal Angelo Becciu, and Bishop Robert McElroy.[29][30] Viganò's letter claims that these popes and prelates knew about McCarrick's sexual harassment of young adult seminarians; it does not claim that anyone knew of McCarrick's sexual abuse of minors.[15]

Viganò also claimed that McCarrick "orchestrated" the appointments of Blase Cupich as Archbishop of Chicago and Joseph Tobin as Archbishop of Newark.[24][23]

In the letter containing these allegations, Viganò called on Francis and all others who covered up McCarrick's conduct to resign.[24][23] Viganò stated: “In this extremely dramatic moment for the universal church, he [Pope Francis] must acknowledge his mistakes and, in keeping with the proclaimed principle of zero tolerance, Pope Francis must be the first to set a good example to cardinals and bishops who covered up McCarrick’s abuses and resign along with all of them... We must tear down the conspiracy of silence with which bishops and priests have protected themselves at the expense of their faithful, a conspiracy of silence that in the eyes of the world risks making the church look like a sect, a conspiracy of silence not so dissimilar from the one that prevails in the mafia.”[31]

After the letter was published, Italian journalist Marco Tosatti claimed that he had helped Viganò write and edit the letter.[32] Tosatti stated that Viganò "had called him a few weeks ago out of the blue asking to meet, and then proceeded to tell him the information that became the basis of the testimony." When they met, Viganò brought a draft of the document, and then Tosatti helped Viganò rewrite and edit it.[32] Tosatti said the reason Viganò wrote the letter now was that "77 is an age where you start preparing yourself ... he couldn’t have a clear conscience unless he spoke."[32] After the document was completed, Tosatti located publications that were willing to publish the letter: the Italian daily La Verità, the English-language National Catholic Register and LifeSiteNews, and the Spanish website InfoVaticana.[32]

Assessments of letter by news media

The New York Times stated that Viganò's letter contained "unsubstantiated allegations and personal attacks", and described it as "an extraordinary public declaration of war against Francis' papacy at perhaps its most vulnerable moment."[23] It pointed out that in 2012, which was during the time period that Viganò alleged McCarrick was subject to restrictions on his ministry, McCarrick continued to publicly celebrate Mass, and even joined with other bishops to present Pope Benedict a birthday cake.[23]

The Catholic magazine America, published by the Jesuits of the United States, listed several other public appearances McCarrick made during this time.[15] America proposed several reasons the letter seemed credible, including Viganò's inside role in these matters as well as Pope Francis "lack of progress" and "lack of urgency" regarding sexual abuse; it also proposed several reasons to be skeptical about the letter, including Viganò's "perceived hostility toward Pope Francis" for having removed him from his post in 2016, allegedly because Viganò was seen as having "become too enmeshed in U.S. culture wars, particularly regarding same-sex marriage."[15] Viganò had also allegedly tried to quash an inquiry into Saint Paul and Minneapolis Archbishop John Nienstedt for misconduct with adult seminarians, and the National Catholic Reporter alleged that Viganò destroyed evidence against Nienstedt.[15][16] (Nienstedt subsequently resigned as a result of his poor handling of sex abuse cases.)[16] Viganò disputed these reports in comments to the conservative website LifeSiteNews. He claimed that they originated with an error by two other bishops participating in the investigation, and provided documents showing that he attempted to have the mistake clarified.[33]

The Associated Press characterized Viganò as "a conservative whose hardline anti-gay views are well known," and said the letter "reads in part like a homophobic attack on Francis and his allies."[16] Matthew Schmitz, editor of the neoconservative journal First Things, wrote that the Viganò‎ letter has plunged the Catholic Church "into an all-out civil war."[34] Schmitz identified three sides to this war: those on the "right" who want a crack-down on sexually active gay priests, those on the "left" who want the Church to change its teaching on the immorality of homosexual sex, and those supporting "a muddled modus vivendi" in which the Church continues to proclaim "that homosexual acts are wrong while quietly tolerating them among the clergy."[34]

Responses to letter by pope and other Church officials

Asked by a reporter to respond to Viganò's allegations, Pope Francis replied, "I read the statement this morning, and I must tell you sincerely that, I must say this, to you [the reporter] and all those who are interested. Read the statement carefully and make your own judgment. I will not say a single word about this. I believe the statement speaks for itself. And you have the journalistic capacity to draw your own conclusions. It’s an act of faith. When some time passes and you have drawn your conclusions, I may speak. But, I would like your professional maturity to do the work for you. It will be good for you."[35][36][37][23][38] According to veteran Vatican journalist John Allen, the "clear suggestion" from Francis was that "if they did so, the charges would crumble under their own weight."[39] On August 28, Bishop Thomas J. Paprocki of Springfied, Illinois, said, in reference to Francis's statment, "Frankly, but with all due respect, that response is not adequate."[40]

Cardinal Daniel DiNardo, president of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, released a statement declaring that Viganò's letter raised questions which "deserve answers that are conclusive and based on evidence. Without those answers, innocent men may be tainted by false accusation and the guilty may be left to repeat sins of the past."[41]

A spokesman for Washington Archbishop Cardinal Donald Wuerl stated that Wuerl had never received any information from Viganò concerning restrictions on McCarrick.[42]

Monsignor Jean-François Lantheaume, who had served as first counsellor at the nunciature in Washington, D.C., stated that "Viganò said the truth," but declined to elaborate further. In his letter, Viganò had cited Lantheaume as the one who told him about the alleged "stormy" encounter between McCarrick and Sambi in which Sambi informed McCarrick of the sanctions being placed on him.[28]

Some American bishops were critical of Viganò's missive. Cardinal Joseph Tobin, Archbishop of Newark, released a statement criticizing Viganò's statement for "factual errors, innuendo and fearful ideology".[43] Cardinal Blase Cupich, Archbishop of Chicago, said the language of the letter seemed political: "It was so scattershot that it was hard to read if it was ideological in some ways, or it was payback to others for personal slights that he had because there were some people who in his past he felt had mistreated him."[44] Cupich said he was "taken aback" by the negative language Vigano used with regard to him.[44] Cupich described the letter as a distraction from the Church's "bigger agenda": "We have to speak about the environment, about the poor, we have to reach out to people who are marginalized in society. We cannot be distracted at this moment."[45] When asked about those criticizing Francis, he responded, "Quite frankly, they also don’t like him because he’s a Latino."[46]

Robert McElroy, Bishop of San Diego, said that the letter, instead of seeking "comprehensive truth," showed "partisanship, division and distortion" in "its ideologically-driven selection of bishops who are attacked, in its clear efforts to settle old personal scores, in its omission of any reference to Archbishop Vigano's own massive personal participation in the covering up of sexual abuse by bishops, and most profoundly in its hatred for Pope Francis and all that he has taught."[30]

Other American bishops were more positive. Thomas Olmsted, Bishop of Phoenix, stated that he had "always known and respected [Viganò] as a man of truthfulness, faith and integrity," and asked that the claims in his letter "be investigated thoroughly."[47] Similarly, David Konderla, Bishop of Tulsa, stated that Viganò's allegations would be "a good place to begin the investigations that must happen."[48] Joseph E. Strickland, Bishop of Tyler, went further, stating that he found Viganò's allegations "credible".[49] Robert C. Morlino, Bishop of Madison, said that Viganò has "impeccable integrity" and he had "offered a number of concrete, real allegations in his recent document, giving names, dates, places, and the location of supporting documentation," and these allegations justified a canonical investigation.[50] Morlino also expressed disappointment that Pope Francis had not given a direct response when asked about this matter, and accused the National Catholic Reporter of "leading the charge in a campaign of vilification against Archbishop Viganò."[50] Paprocki called on all Vatican officials, including Francis, to "make public the pertinent files indicating who knew what and when...and provide the accountability that the Holy Father has promised."[40] Bishop Athanasius Schneider of Kazakhstan stated that there was "no reasonable and plausible cause to doubt the truth content of the document." He demanded "ruthlessness and transparency" in cleansing the Church of evils, particularly "homosexual cliques and networks" in the curia.[51]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Biography of Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò", Franciscan Foundation for the Holy Land
  2. ^ Tosatti, Marco. "The secret report Benedict wrote for Francis". Vatican Insider. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  3. ^ a b "Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò". Catholic Hierarchy. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  4. ^ Allen, John L. (26 January 2012). "Vatican denies corruption charges attributed to U.S. nuncio". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  5. ^ "Influential prelate said Vatican should drop Euro, author reports". Catholic World News. 25 July 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  6. ^ Ivereigh, Austen (2014). The Great Reformer. Macmillan. p. 343. ISBN 9781627791571.
  7. ^ Squires, Nick (23 May 2012). "Vatican newspaper editor accused of gay smear against rival". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
  8. ^ "Dichiarazione della Presidenza del Governatorato dello Stato della Citta del Vaticano". 4 February 2012.[dead link]
  9. ^ Winfield, Nicole (26 January 2012). "Vatican official warns pope of corruption". Seattle Times. Associated Press.
  10. ^ a b Allen Jr., John L. (17 February 2012). "Five questions about the Vatican's leaks scandal". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
  11. ^ Allen, John L. (27 September 2011). "New nuncio is no stranger to politics". National Catholic Reporter.
  12. ^ Pullella, Philip (13 March 2014). "In Vatican shake-up, Pope redefines role of second-in-command". Retrieved 11 March 2016.
  13. ^ Wooden, Cindy (19 October 2011). "Pope names Archbishop Vigano new nuncio to the U.S". Catholic News Service.
  14. ^ a b Yuen, Laura; Cox, Peter (21 July 2016). "Did the Vatican halt an investigation into former Twin Cities Archbishop Nienstedt?". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  15. ^ a b c d e O'Loughlin, Michael J. (26 August 2018). "Viganò's accusations: What we know and what questions they raise". America. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  16. ^ a b c d Winfield, Nicole (26 August 2018). "Pope on McCarrick claims: "I won't say a word about it."". The Kansas City Star. Associated Press. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  17. ^ "Archbishop Nienstedt: New allegations of sexual misconduct 'entirely false'". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ Goodstein, Laurie; Perez-Pena, Richard (20 July 2016). "Minnesota Priest's Memo Says Vatican Ambassador Tried to Stifle Sex Abuse Inquiry". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  19. ^ Horowitz, Jason (2 October 2015). "Archbishop at Center of Mystery of Papal Meeting With Kim Davis". New York Times. Retrieved 27 August 2018. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  20. ^ Piece, Charles (1 October 2015). "Was Pope Francis Actually Swindled Into Meeting Kim Davis?/The Papal Chase". Esquire. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  21. ^ Ambrosino, Brandon (5 October 2015). "The Shady Group That Played Pope Francis". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  22. ^ "Vatican Envoy Who Invited Kim Davis to Papal Meeting Retires". The New York Times. Associated Press. 12 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h Horowitz, Jason (26 August 2018). "Pope Francis Long Knew of Cardinal's Abuse and Must Resign, Archbishop Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i Pentin, Edward (25 August 2018). "Ex-nuncio accuses Pope Francis of failing to act on McCarrick's abuse reports". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  25. ^ "Pope Francis accepts resignation of Cardinal McCarrick". Vatican News. 28 July 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  26. ^ Sisak, Michael R. (20 June 2018). "Cardinal Theodore McCarrick, former archbishop, removed from ministry after sex abuse reports". Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. Retrieved 29 July 2018. {{cite news}}: Check |archive-url= value (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ Heyboer, Kelly; Sherman, Ted (17 July 2018). "Here's how much N.J. Catholic dioceses paid to alleged McCarrick sex abuse victims, report says". NJ.com. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  28. ^ a b Condon, Ed (26 August 2018). "Former nunciature official: 'Vigano said the truth'". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  29. ^ Viganò, Carlo Maria (22 August 2018). "Testimony". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  30. ^ a b Rezac, Mary (27 August 2018). "Vigano testimony receives mixed response from US bishops". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  31. ^ Pope Francis failed to act on US abuse claims, says former Vatican envoy
  32. ^ a b c d Winfield, Nicole (28 August 2018). "Journalist who helped pen pope bombshell says author wept". Associated Press. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  33. ^ Montagna, Diane (27 August 2018). "Viganò issues new statement, documents to clear his name of false charges". Life Site News. Retrieved 27 August 2018. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  34. ^ a b Schmitz, Matthew (27 August 2018). "A Catholic Civil War?". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  35. ^ "Full text of Pope Francis' in-flight press conference from Dublin". Catholic News Agency. 26 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  36. ^ "'I will not say one word on this': Pope on his alleged knowledge of abuse by cardinal". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Toronto. 26 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  37. ^ Inés San Martín (27 August 2018). "On charges of McCarrick cover-up, Francis tells reporters to do their jobs". Crux. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  38. ^ "'No more apologies': Pope's visit fails to soothe Irish fury over abuse". CNN. Atlanta. 20 June 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  39. ^ Allen Jr., John L. (27 August 2018). "Making sense of McCarrick cover-up charges against Pope Francis". Crux. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  40. ^ a b "Statement from Bishop Thomas John Paprocki Regarding the Testimony of the Former Apostolic Nuncio". Diocese of Springfield in Illinois. 28 August 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  41. ^ "President of U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops Renews Commitment for Greater Effectiveness and Transparency in Disciplining Bishops". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops website. 27 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  42. ^ Flynn, J.D. (25 August 2018). "Wuerl denies he was informed of Vatican restrictions on McCarrick". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  43. ^ "Statement in Response to "Testimony" of Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò, Former Apostolic Nuncio to the United States". Archdiocese of Newark website. 27 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  44. ^ a b O'Connell, Patrick M. (27 August 2018). "Cardinal Cupich defends his record, Pope Francis in response to former Vatican official". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  45. ^ "Cardinal Cupich responds to scathing letter by former top church official, defends record". WGN-TV website. 27 August 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  46. ^ "Cupich dismisses Viganò claims as a 'rabbit hole'". Catholic News Agency. 28 August 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  47. ^ "Statement from Bishop Thomas Olmsted Regarding Archbishop Viganò's Recent Testimony". Diocese of Phoenix website. 27 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  48. ^ "Untitled Facebook post". Facebook. 26 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  49. ^ "Bishop Strickland's Public Statement to the Diocese". Diocese of Tyler website. 26 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  50. ^ a b "Statement from Bishop Robert C. Morlino" (PDF). Diocese of Madison website. 27 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  51. ^ Schneider, Athanasius (27 August 2018). "Reflection on the 'Testimony' of Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò". National Catholic Register. Retrieved 28 August 2018. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

External links

Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Apostolic Nuncio to Nigeria
3 April 1992 – 4 April 1998 		Succeeded by
Osvaldo Padilla
Preceded by Apostolic Nuncio to the United States
19 October 2011 – 12 April 2016 		Succeeded by
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by — TITULAR —
Archbishop of Ulpiana
3 April 1992 – present 		Incumbent
Preceded by Delegate for Pontifical Representations
4 April 1998 – 16 July 2009 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Secretary-General of the Governatorate of the Vatican City State
16 July 2009 – 3 September 2011 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Maria_Viganò&oldid=857083569"