Clan MacDonell of Glengarry

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MacDonell of Glengarry
Clann Dòmhnaill Ghlinne Garaidh[1]
Clan member crest badge - Clan Macdonell of Glengarry.svg
Crest: A raven Proper perching on a rock Azure
MottoCreag an Fhitich (The Raven's Rock)[2]
War cryPer mare per terras (By sea and by land)[3]
Profile
RegionScottish Highlands
DistrictRoss-shire and Lochaber
Plant badgeCommon Heath[2]
Pipe musicGlengarry’s March[4]
Chief
Arms of MacDonell of Glengarry.svg
Colin Patrick MacDonell, 24th Chief of MacDonell of Glengarry
Historic seatStrome Castle
Invergarry Castle
Septs of MacDonell of Glengarry
Alastair, Alexander, Allister, Cowan, MacCowan, MacDonell, MacCowan, Sander, Sanders, Saunders, Sanderson
Clan branches
MacDonells of Glengarry (chiefs)[5]
McDonells of Barrisdale[5]
MacDonalles of Knoydart[5]
MacDonells of Greenfield[5]
MacDonells of Lundie[5]
MacDonells of Scotus
MacDonells of Ardnabie
MacDonells of Invergarry
MacDonells of Leek
MacDonells of Lochgarry
Allied clans
Rival clans

Clan MacDonell of Glengarry (Scottish Gaelic: Clann Dòmhnaill Ghlinne Garaidh) is a Scottish clan and is a branch of the larger Clan Donald.[5] The clan takes its name from River Garry where the river Garry runs eastwards through Loch Garry to join the Great Glen about 16 miles (25 km) north of Fort William, Highland.[6] The progenitor of the MacDonells of Glengarry is Reginald, 4th great-grandson of the warrior Somerled. The clan chief is traditionally designated as the "Son of Alexander's son" (Scottish Gaelic: Mac Mhic Alasdair).[7][8][9]

The MacDonells of Glengarry have historically possessed land holdings in the districts of Ross-shire and Lochaber, Inverness-shire in the Scottish Highlands. Their territories occasionally resulted in land disputes with other clans, most notably Clan Mackenzie. The clan supported the House of Stuart during the Jacobite rebellions, pledging their allegiance to the Jacobite cause. Alastair Roy MacDonell, 13th Chief of Glengarry, who was captured and later imprisoned in the Tower of London, spied for the British Government, betraying the cause. After the Jacobite Uprisings, the clan suffered during the Highland Clearances.[6] As the result of the Clearances, members of the clan emigrated to other parts of the world, specifically to North America.

Clan MacDonell of Glengarry has a chief that is recognized by the Court of the Lord Lyon, and the Lord Lyon King of Arms, who is the heraldic authority in Scotland.

History of the MacDonells of Glengarry[edit]

R.R. McIan's Victorian era romanticised depiction of a Macdonald, lord of the Isles.

Origins[edit]

Further information: Clan Donald and Lord of the Isles

The MacDonells of Glengarry are one of the branch clans of Clan Donald—one of the largest Scottish clans. The eponymous ancestor of Clan Donald is Donald, son of Reginald, son of Somerled. Somerled, son of Gillebride was a 12th century leader, styled as "King of the Isles" and "King of Argyll".[10] Through ambitious military conquest, Somerled rose in prominence to create the Kingdom of Mann and the Isles. However, his origins and ancestry are rather obscure to historians, as there is yet no reliable account for his rise to power.[11]

Glengarry is in Lochaber, which was part of the ancient Kingdom of Moray that was ruled by the Picts.[5] Aonghus Óg of Islay, who fought alongside Robert the Bruce during the First War of Scottish Independence, including the successful Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, was given the territories of Lochaber from the Bruce. Angus Og's son John was the first Lord of the Isles. John's first marriage was to Amie MacRuari, heiress of Clann Ruaidhrí. John later divorced Amie and married Margaret, daughter of King Robert II. The children from John's first marriage were passed over in the main succession and the chiefship of Clan Donald and the later Macdonald Lords of the Isles would go on to descend from John's second marriage.[12] The MacDonells of Glengarry and MacDonalds of Clanranald both descend from John and Amie's eldest son, Reginald, who married Lady Fiona Stewart, daughter of Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl, brother of King Robert II and grandson of Robert the Bruce.[13] Reginald himself had five sons.[5] One of them was Alan, the progenitor of Clan Macdonald of Clanranald and another was Donald.[5] Donald married twice: firstly Laleve, daughter of the chief of Clan MacIver, by whom he had one son named John.[5] Donald married secondly a daughter of the chief of the Clan Fraser of Lovat by whom he had two more sons, Alexander and Angus.[5] The first son, John, died without heirs and was therefore succeeded by his half-brother Alexander "of the Woods", 4th chief of Glengarry, progenitor of Glengarry.[5]

15th century[edit]

Ruins of Strome Castle, the original seat of the chiefs of the Clan MacDonell of Glengarry.

Alexander, 4th of Glengarry is sometimes considered the first true chief of Glengarry but is usually regarded as the fourth of Glengarry. From Alexander, the clan takes the Gaelic patronymic of Mac Mhic Alasdair, meaning "son of the son of Alexander".[5][8] According to Angus and Archibald MacDonald, the family seanachie MacVuirich recorded a death account of Alexander, who is referred to as "a powerful, bold, warlike Lord of the Clanranald", who died on the Isle of Abbas in 1460; However, due to the contemporary records being referenced by the Crown holding unto their lands, there is no mention of his territorial magnate.[14]

His successor, John MacAlister Ranaldsoune, 5th of Glengarry, inherited the lands of Glengarry from his father. John Ranaldsoune was killed by Fraser of Lovat after being invited to a "friendly" interview with him in Achteraw in Abertarff, Inverness-shire in 1501. This resulted in a conflict between the MacDonells of Glengarry and the Frasers of Lovat, in which the Frasers were defeated and surrendered the lands of Abertarff to the Glengarry MacDonells.[15] According to A and A MacDonald, proceedings were initiated by Alexander MacIain of Glengarry before the Lords of Council against the murderers of his father.[15]

Alexander Ranaldson, 6th of Glengarry, was considered to be a rebellious chief. The MacDonells of Glengarry did not play an important part in the politics of Clan Donald until the late 15th century.[5] Traditional rights of the chiefs were being replaced with feudal relationships in which the Crown was the ultimate superior, as part of the royal policy to pacify the Scottish Highlands, including taking charters from lands formerly held by the Lords of the Isles.[5] The lands of Glengarry were leased to the Earl of Huntly, and the Camerons of Lochiel.[16] Most of the chiefs submitted to James IV of Scotland, and even the MacDonalds of Clanranald accepted charters in 1494.[5] Alexander Ranaldson did not receive a charter, suggesting that he continued to have a rebellious attitude at this time after the fall of the Lords of the Isles. In response, James IV tasked the Earl of Huntly and the Duke of Argyll in carrying out his policy in dividing the territories that once belonged to the Lordship of the Isles for their own holdings for their own clan lands.[16]

16th century[edit]

A visualization of the heraldric arms for the chiefs of Clan MacDonell of Glengarry (1875).[17]

In 1501, Alexander Ranaldson was summoned for occupying the lands in Morar without a title, while the eldest son of the Earl of Huntly was granted a portion of land in Glengarry. Alexander Ranaldson continued to rebel against the Scottish Crown in response, supporting Domhnall Dubh and his insurrection against the Scottish Crown, but not participating in the rebellion directly.[5][18] In 1510, James IV granted Alexander, Earl of Huntly more lands in Glengarry, but shortly after the King's death at the Battle of Flodden, Donald Gallda of Lochalsh proclaimed himself Lord of the Isles, with Alexander Ranaldson supporting him.[19] During the rebellion, The MacDonells invaded Urquhart Castle, expelled the garrison, and plundered the lands of Grant of Freuchie, causing John Grant of Freuchie to obtain a decree from the Lords of Council for his loss.[19] After Donald Gallda's death, Alexander Ranaldson proclaimed himself Lord of the Isles, but this didn't go anywhere. After the failed rebellions of Domhnall Dubh and Donald Gallda, Alexander Ranaldson submitted to royal authority and was pardoned for past offences in 1531.[5] He received a Crown charter on 9 March 1539 for the lands of Glengarry, Morar, half the lands of Loch Alsh, Lochcarron, Loch Broom and also Strome Castle.[5] This did not stop Alexander Ranaldson following Donald Gorm Macdonald of Sleat in trying to reclaim the Lordship of the Isles.[5] Donald Gorm was killed attacking Eilean Donan Castle and the rebellion collapsed.[5] Subsequently, Alexander Ranaldson was amongst the island chiefs who were tricked into meeting James V at Portree and was imprisoned at Edinburgh where he remained until the king died in 1542.[5] Alexander Ranaldson was also present at the Battle of the Shirts, supporting John Moidartach and the MacDonalds of Clanranald and Clan Cameron against Clan Fraser of Lovat. It is said that only eight MacDonalds and five Frasers survived the battle.[20] Alexander Ranaldson soon died in 1590.[5]

Angus MacAlester, 7th of Glengarry, succeeded as chief of Glengarry. Angus MacAlester was politically astute, and used the influence of his father-in-law, the chief of Clan Grant, to gain a charter from James VI of Scotland, regaining his ancestral estates in 1574.[5] In a bond of manrent, dated 1571, between Angus MacAlester and Clan Grant, Glengarry makes an exception in favour "of ye auctoritie of our soverane and his Chief of Clanranald only ". This is held by Clanranald of Moydart as an acknowledgment by Glengarry of the Captain of Clanranald as his chief.[21] Angus MacAlester led a raid on the mainland of Lochcarron, resulting in the burning of houses and slaughtering inhabitants of the MacKenzie lands. The MacDonells stocked their boats with plunder that they took from the MacKenzies, but the MacKenzies intercepted the MacDonells in small rowing boats at night on their way to the Isle of Skye, overturning the boat, and killing many men, including their chief. The survivors swam to the Isle of Skye and escaped, leaving their pillaged plunders behind.[22]

Donald MacAngus, 8th of Glengarry, succeeded Angus as chief of Glengarry, who is reputed to have lived for over one hundred years.[5] In February 1576, Donald MacAngus complained to the Privy Council that Hugh Fraser, 5th Lord Lovat prevented him and his followers transporting timber by water on Loch Ness towards Inverness, and Lovat was ordered not to interfere.[23] It would appear that Angus McAngus was favored by the Court, due to his law-abiding status and peaceful relations with neighboring clans. However, Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll, upon succeeding as chief of the Campbells in 1577, invaded and plundered the lands of the MacLeans and the MacDonalds, including making preparations for an invasion of the mainland, with the lands of Glengarry as his principle attack.[24] Threatened by the Earl of Argyll, Donald MacAngus appealed to the Privy Council for protection. Realizing his situation, the Council prohibited the Earl of Argyll and his followers from harming the lands of Glengarry. The Council also sent letters to the Frasers of Lovat, MacKenzie of Kintail, Grant of Freuchie, MacKintosh, Munro of Fowlis, Ross of Balnagown, MacDonald of Keppoch, and Chisholm of Strathglass, charging them to "pass to assist and defend with their kin and followers Donald MacAngus and his friends and servants".[25] The Earl of Argyll conceded, and ended his intended invasion.[26] Hostiles between the MacDonells of Glengarry and Clan Mackenzie began to become more aggressive around this time.

17th century[edit]

A depiction of the coats of arms for MacDonell, Lord MacDonell and Aros. Published in "The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom" by James Balfour Paul in 1904.[27]

In November of 1601, Angus, younger son of Donald MacAngus, accompanied by a large following of his father's dependents, came to the lands of Torridon and laid violence on the lands of the Mackenzies. A complaint was made to the Privy Council against Donald MacAngus, with the same charges made against his son, Angus. However, neither have appeared in the Privy Court.[28] Kenneth Mackenzie, 1st Lord Mackenzie of Kintail procured through the interest of the 1st Earl of Dunfermline, and invaded Glengarry's lands of Morar, plundering as he went. Similarly, the MacDonells wasted the lands of Loch Alsh and Applecross. The violence came to head at the Battle of Morar, which was fought in 1602 between the Clan MacDonell of Glengarry and Clan Mackenzie, with Clan Ross supporting the Mackenzies.[29] After the battle, the MacDonells agreed to give Kenneth Mackenzie the inheritance of Strome Castle. The Mackenzies laid siege to the castle, casuing the MacDonells to surrender, and the Mackenzies demolished the castle by gunpowder.[30] The clan soon built Invergarry Castle on Creagan an Fhithich – the Rock of the Raven – in the Great Glen. The following year, the clan, lead by Allan MacRanald of Lundie, launched a fiercer raid on the Mackenzies by burning an entire congregation of Mackenzie clansmen in the church in Kilchrist. According to tradition, a bagpiper for the MacDonells of Glengarry marched around the burning church playing a spirited tune, which was later known as "Kilchrist".[22][31] Invited in 1626 by Lord Ochiltree, the Lord Chancellor of Scotland to discuss Royal policy for the Western Isles, Donald MacAngus disagreed with the proposals and was imprisoned for a time.[5] Despite this, in March 1627 he obtained a charter under the great seal that erected Glengarry into a free barony.[5]

When the Wars of the Three Kingdoms began in 1639, Donald MacAngus was too old for active campaigning and leadership. He passed these duties to his son and heir, Aeneas, 9th of Glengarry to take his place.[5] Aeneas, a staunch Royalist, fought during the British Civil Wars, serving under James Graham, 1st Marquis of Montrose throughout his 1644–1645 campaign and protected him after the Battle of Philiphaugh.[5][22] Aeneas appeared to continue in the King's service, but was ordered to go to Confederate Ireland in 1647, accompanied by Randal MacDonnell, 1st Marquess of Antrim. His regiment joined the army of Thomas Preston, 1st Viscount Tara in opposing Ormondists. According to MacVuirich, the Highlanders were "esteemed and honoured for their taking of great towns from the enemy until they broke from the army of Preston".[32] Aeneas was eventually taken prisoner and sent to Kilkenny, but was eventually released by the Marquis of Antrim.[32] After his service during the war, Aeneas forfeited his estates when Scotland was incorporated into the 1653 to 1659 Protectorate. They were returned after the 1660 Restoration and he received the title Lord MacDonell and Aros.[5]

Ranald, 2nd of Scotus, and 10th of Glengarry succeeded as chief of Glengarry in 1680. When James II & VII was expelled in the 1688 Revolution, the Glengarry MacDonells were among the 2% of Scots who remained Catholics. Ranald was at this point an old man past active exertion. However, this did not stop him from acting as head of the Catholic Jacobite faction during the 1689 Rising. Ranald's son and heir, Alastair Dubh, acted on behalf of his father as chief and leader of the Glengarry clan.[33] The Scots Parliament confiscated Glengarry's lands, although he continued to hold Invergarry Castle.[34] The clan, along with 2500 clansmen, fought under John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee at the Battle of Killiecrankie. By late 1691, Invergarry was closely besieged and the Scottish government was determined to "make an example" of the MacDonells. However, after agreeing to pardon Ranald MacDonell of his treason, they switched targets to the Glencoe MacDonalds, which resulted in the Glencoe Massacre.[35]

18th century[edit]

Clan tartan. Illustration by R. R. McIan from James Logan's The Clans of the Scottish Highlands, published in 1845.

Ranald soon died in 1694, leaving Alastair Dubh MacDonell, 1st of Titular, Lord MacDonald, and 11th of Glengarry took part in the Jacobite rising of 1715 on behalf of James Francis Edward Stuart, son of the disposed James VIII.[36] The MacDonells of Glengarry fought at the Battle of Sheriffmuir.[5] When Ailean Dearg, the Chief of Clan Macdonald of Clanranald was mortally wounded, Alasdair Dubh rallied the faltering warriors of Clan Donald by throwing up his blue bonnet and crying Buillean an-diugh, tuiream a-màireach! ("Blows today, mourning tomorrow!");[37] Although considered a victory, it was ineffective, and left no practical results in restoring the Stuarts to the British throne.[38] In 1716, Prince James Francis Edward Stuart issued a warrant for a patent of favour of Alasdair Dubh and his heirs, bestowing the title of Lord MacDonell in the Jacobite peerage.[5][39] Following the death of Alasdair Dubh (c. 1721 or 1724), he was eulogized in the song-poem Alistair à Gleanna Garadh by his kinswoman Sìleas na Ceapaich, which hearkens back to the mythological poetry attributed to Amergin Glúingel and which remains an iconic and oft imitated work of Scottish Gaelic literature.[40] General Wade's report on the Highlands in 1724, estimated the clan strength at 800 men.[41]

John, 2nd of Titular, Lord MacDonald, and 12th of Glengarry succeeded Alasdair Dubh. John obtained a charter for himself and male heirs of the lands of Knoydart from John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll in August 1724. The following year, a "Bond of Friendship" between John of Glengarry and Patrick Grant of Glenmoriston took place, binding themselves to maintain peaceful relations between their clans.[42] John did not take an active involvement in the Jacobite rising of 1745, although certain circumstances caused the chief discomfort, his position in comparable to the chief of Clanranald.[43] Glengarry's Regiment served throughout the 1745 Rising, initially led by Aeneas, Alasdair Dubh's second son. The regiment fought at the Battle of Prestonpans, a Jacobite success. However, Aeneas was accidentally shot after the regiment's engagement at Falkirk and eventually died three days later.[44] He was replaced by his kinsman, Donald MacDonnell of Lochgarry, who lead the Glengarry regiment at the Battle of Culloden in April 1746, under the command of James Drummond, 3rd Duke of Perth. Glengarry's numbered up to 530, the larget in the entire Jacobite army.[45] During the battle, the three MacDonald regiments made up of Keppoch, Clanranald and Glengarry were located on the extreme left wing of the Jacobite army, instead of their preferred place on the right wing. According to legend, these regiments refused to charge when ordered to do so, due to the perceived insult of being placed on the left wing.[46] The Glengarry regiment disbanded in May 1746 after their defeat at Culloden.

Aeneas's elder brother Alastair Ruadh, later 13th of Glengarry, was captured in November 1745 by a Royal Navy frigate while travelling from France to join in the Jacobite Rising. Imprisoned in the Tower of London, he was released in 1747 and at some point became a Hanoverian mole inside the Jacobite Movement, with devastating results.[47] While his motivations are still disputed, Scottish historian Andrew Lang confirmed in 1747 that Alistair Ruadh was in fact 'Pickle the Spy'.[48]

19th century to modern day[edit]

Alexander Ranaldson MacDonell of Glengarry, ca 1812.
Invergarry Castle is the traditional seat of Clan MacDonell of Glengarry, and home to the chiefs of the MacDonells until 1746 when the British Government partially destroyed the castle under the orders of the Duke of Cumberland.

The Highland Clearances of the early 19th century forced the majority of Clan MacDonell of Glengarry into exile; most settled in Glengarry County, Ontario and parts of Nova Scotia.[49] The most systematic evictions were ordered by the 15th chief, Alexander Ranaldson MacDonell of Glengarry, who was allegedly the model for the haughty and flamboyant Scottish clan chief Fergus MacIvor in Walter Scott's 1814 novel, Waverley. In June 1815, Glengarry formed the Society of True Highlanders, a rival to the Celtic Society of Edinburgh, reflecting the strong sense of Highland identity and pride that characterized the time; he was closely involved in arguments over precedence before, during, and after George IV's visit to Scotland in 1822. The occasion is best remembered for popularizing the idea of tartans and traditional Highland dress.

His kinsman Fr. Alexander MacDonell (1762–1840) became a Catholic priest in Lochaber. In 1794, during the French Revolutionary Wars, Fr. MacDonell became the first Catholic military chaplain in post-Reformation British military history after helping to raise the Glengarry Fencibles, which was disbanded in 1804. Father MacDonell accompanied his clansmen to Glengarry County, Ontario, where he helped resurrect the regiment for active service in the War of 1812. In 1826, he was appointed first Bishop of the local Diocese of Kingston. Sir James MacDonell, brother of the 14th Chief of Glengarry, fought under Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, winning glory for the clan at the Battle of Waterloo during the Napoleonic Wars.[22] The Duke of Wellington awarded him £1000 for his part in the battle calling him "the bravest man in the British Army". General MacDonell insisted on splitting this money with his sergeant, James Graham.

Aneas Ranaldson, 16th of Glengarry sold his estate and, along with a significant portion of his clan, departed and emigrated to Australia in 1840. This event caught the attention of contemporary publications, "We cannot regard the expatriation of the head of an old Highland family, with its clan associations, its pipe music, and its federal recollections, from the battle of Inverlochy downwards, without some regret and emotion".[50] The departure marked a significant change for the clan and its longstanding connections to their ancestral lands, evoking a sense of sentimentality and reflection. Aneas Ranaldson later returned to Knoydart where he died in 1851.[50]

The 17th chief of Glengarry, Alexander Ranaldson, also returned from Australia, but later sold his estate to the Marquess of Huntly and emigrated with his sons to New Zealand where he later died in 1862.[22] He was succeeded by his younger brother, Charles Ranaldson, 18th chief of Glengarry, but died on his way home from New Zealand, rendering the chief line from the 11th chief of Glengarry, Alasdair Dubh, extinct.[51] However, he was "posthumously" succeeded by his distant relative, Aneas Ranald, 19th of Glengarry through the Scotus branch, thus continuing the chief succession of the clan.[51][52]

The current chief is Colin Patrick MacDonell, 24th Chief of Glengarry.[53]

Castles[edit]

Castles that have been owned by Clan MacDonell of Glengarry include:

Tartan[edit]

Tartan image Notes
GlengarryTartanModern02.png According to W & A K Johnston's 1906 edition, this tartan was registered for Clan MacDonell of Glengarry. There is a sample certified by 'Glengarry' in the Highland Society of London collection from 1815–16, although it is unknown whether the thread count is accurate.[60]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Mac an Tàilleir, Iain. "Ainmean Pearsanta" (docx). Sabhal Mòr Ostaig. Retrieved 15 October 2009.
  2. ^ a b Clan MacDonnell of Glengarry Profile scotclans.com. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  3. ^ "Collins Scottish clan & family encyclopedia". 1994.
  4. ^ "The clans and tartans of Scotland". 1976.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Way, George of Plean; Squire, Romilly of Rubislaw (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. Glasgow: HarperCollins (for the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 214–215. ISBN 0-00-470547-5.
  6. ^ a b Mackenzie, Alexander (1881). Macdonalds of Glengarry. Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. Inverness, A. & W. Mackenzie.
  7. ^ Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. Inverness, The Northern Counties Publishing Company, ltd.
  8. ^ a b Lee, Henry James (1920). History of the clan Donald, the families of MacDonald, McDonald and McDonnell. Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. New York, R.L. Polk and Company, Inc.
  9. ^ Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Iain (1982). The Highland Clans : the dynastic origins, chiefs and background of the clans and of some other families connected with Highland history. Internet Archive. New York, N.Y. : C.N. Potter : Distributed by Crown. ISBN 978-0-517-54659-8.
  10. ^ Brown 2004: p. 70.
  11. ^ Woolf, Alex (2005). "The origins and ancestry of Somerled: Gofraid mac Fergusa and 'The Annals of the Four Masters'" (PDF). University of St Andrews. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
  12. ^ Eyre-Todd 1923, 2: pp. 269–270.
  13. ^ Mackenzie, Alexander (1881). Macdonalds of Glengarry. Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. Inverness, A. & W. Mackenzie. pp. |page=14.
  14. ^ Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. p. 370.
  15. ^ a b Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. p. 372.
  16. ^ a b Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. pp. 374–375.
  17. ^ Keltie, John Scott; Maclauchlan, Thomas; Browne, James; Wilson, John (1875). A history of the Scottish Highlands, Highland clans and Highland regiments. Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute Library. Edinburgh ; London : Fullarton. p. 156.
  18. ^ Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. p. 375.
  19. ^ a b Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. p. 376.
  20. ^ Macdonald, A. (Angus); Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. National Library of Scotland. Inverness : The Northern Counties Publishing Company, Ltd.
  21. ^ Mackenzie (1881), p. 307; p. 308.
  22. ^ a b c d e Zaczek, Iain (2009). The complete book of tartan : a heritage encyclopedia of over 400 tartans and the stories that shaped Scottish history. Internet Archive. London : Lorenz Books ; [Lanham, Md. ] : North America agent/distributor, National Book Network. ISBN 978-0-7548-1981-3.
  23. ^ John Hill Burton, Register of the Privy Council, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1878), pp. 500-1.
  24. ^ Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. pp. 391–392.
  25. ^ Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. p. 392.
  26. ^ Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. p. 393.
  27. ^ Paul, James Balfour (1904). The Scots peerage; founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's peerage of Scotland; containing an historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom. Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. Edinburgh : D. Douglas. p. 559.
  28. ^ Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. p. 402.
  29. ^ "The troubles betwixt the Lord Kintaile and the Laird of Glengarrie". The History of the Feuds and Conflicts among the Clans in the Northern Parts of Scotland and in the Western Isles. Glasgow: Printed by J. & J. Robertson for John Gillies, Perth. 1780 [Originally published in 1764 by Foulis press]. pp. 70–71. Retrieved 20 May 2023. Written from a manuscript wrote in the reign of James VI of Scotland (Sir Robert Gordon's A Genealogical History of the Earldom of Sutherland).
  30. ^ Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. p. 404.
  31. ^ Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. p. 406.
  32. ^ a b Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. p. 426.
  33. ^ Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. p. 450.
  34. ^ Love, Dane (2007). Jacobite Stories. End of Chapter 3: Neil Wilson Publishing. ISBN 978-1903238868.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  35. ^ Cobbett 1814, p. 904.
  36. ^ Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. p. 454.
  37. ^ Ronald Black (2019), An Lasair: Anthology of 18th-century Scottish Gaelic Verse, Birlinn Limited. Page 405.
  38. ^ Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. p. 457.
  39. ^ Macdonald, Angus; Macdonald, Archibald (1896). The clan Donald. Vol. II. Robarts - University of Toronto. Inverness Northern Counties Pub. p. 458.
  40. ^ Ronald Black (2019), An Lasair: Anthology of 18th-century Scottish Gaelic Verse, Birlinn Limited. Pages 100-105, 405-407.
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  59. ^ Coventry, Martin (2000). The castles of Scotland : a comprehensive reference and gazetteer to more than 2700 castles and fortified cities. Internet Archive. Musselburgh, Scotland : Goblinshead. ISBN 978-1-899874-27-9.
  60. ^ "Tartan Details - The Scottish Register of Tartans". www.tartanregister.gov.uk. Retrieved 14 May 2023.

Sources[edit]

External links[edit]

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