India–Singapore Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement

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For similar agreements, see Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (India–Malaysia) and Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement between India and South Korea.

The Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) is a free trade agreement between Singapore and India to strengthen bilateral trade. It was signed on 29 June 2005.[1]

After the signing, the India-Singapore Parliamentary Forum and the Singapore-India Partnership foundation with active support from the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICC), the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the Singapore Business Federation (SBF) was organised to promote trade, economic development and partnerships.[2][3][4] The CECA eliminated tariff barriers, double taxation, duplicate processes and regulations and provided unhindered access and collaboration between the financial institutions of Singapore and India.[2][3]

The CECA also enhanced bilateral collaboration related to education, science and technology, intellectual property, aviation, information technology, and financial fields.[2][3] Singapore has invested in projects to upgrade India's ports, airports and developing information technology parks and a Special Economic Zone (SEZ).[2] India has become Singapore's 4th biggest tourist destination and more than 650,000 Indians visited Singapore in 2006. Both nations have worked to collaborate on aviation, aerospace engineering, space programmes, information technology, biotechnology and energy.[2]

CECA Review[edit]

Singapore and India successfully concluded the second review of the India–Singapore Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) on 1 June 2018 in the presence of India Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.[5] It allows for the movement of four types of business people between Singapore and India. The second review of CECA was concluded with no change to the chapter on movement of people.[6]

In response to claims that surfaced in early 2016 that Singapore had backtracked on its commitment on CECA by blocking Indian IT professionals seeking work visas, and that India had put on hold further liberation of trade in response,[7] a spokesman from India's Commerce Ministry confirmed that India had not put the CECA on hold and it continued (to be) in force. Singapore also said it had not received any official notification from the Indian government that the review of the CECA had been put on hold.[8]

In September 2018, India and Singapore formally launched the third review of CECA which focuses on trade facilitation, e-commerce and customs.[9]

All of the Free Trade Agreements Singapore has signed are available at Enterprise Singapore's website.[10]

Reactions[edit]

The CECA is one of the most controversial FTAs Singapore has ever signed since its independence as compared with other countries. Opposition parties and supporters argue that it only marginally boosts Singapore's already high GDP for its size while at the expense of being "one-sided" and "non-beneficial" towards Singaporeans in general.[11] Others also added that it has become a point of grievance for locals who believe that a "high influx of Indian professionals has stolen their jobs" and is "crowding out the local society".

In addition, there are integrity issues brought by the "professionals" from India such as the widespread fake qualifications in India.[12] Many of whom that possess such qualifications have managed to secure employment in Singapore. The "professionals" from India have also caused many social problems in Singapore due to their negative behaviours shown i.e. being self entitled and selfish, behaving impolitely and arrogantly and disrespecting the locals. This has angered many local Singaporeans.[11][13]

Political responses[edit]

In 2020, the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) released a statement identifying that Singaporeans are "understandably concerned" with competition from foreign professionals, managers and executives (PMEs) due to the current bleak economy and employment situation. However, it added that it was also "misleading" to assert that the number of Indian PMEs, especially intra-corporate transferees, as being solely or largely to CECA. MTI also refuted that "None of our free trade agreements, including CECA, obliges us to automatically grant Employment Passes (EP) to any foreign national." Additionally, "All foreign nationals applying for Employment Passes must meet our prevailing criteria, and all companies must comply with rules on fair hiring".[14]

The topic of FTAs and CECA was debated during the 2020 Singaporean general elections between both the governing People's Action Party (PAP) and various opposition parties, most notably the Progress Singapore Party (PSP).[15][16][17] Tan Cheng Bock, a former PAP MP and founder of the PSP, promised to call for the review of CECA if elected, especially on one of the terms which allows the free movement of Indian workers in at least 127 sectors to enter and work in Singapore.[18]

In 2020, Leong Mun Wai, as a Non-constituency Member of Parliament (NCMP) of the PSP, spoke in Parliament, mentioning as to how "deeply disappointed" he was that DBS Bank, a Singaporean multinational bank, did not have a "home-grown" Singaporean-born chief executive as the bank's CEO.[19][20][21] Piyush Gupta was an Indian national when appointed, becoming a Singaporean citizen shortly thereafter, possibly making him a beneficiary of CECA.[22] Leong was subsequently rebutted by Minister for Communications and Information S. Iswaran and Transport Minister Ong Ye Kung on the merits of his speech which was deemed to be racist.[23]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Overview of India (CECA)". International Enterprise Singapore. 2005. Archived from the original on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e "IPCS Special Report - India-Singapore Relations" (PDF). Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2007. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
  3. ^ a b c "India, Singapore ink pact". Asia Times. 2005-07-02. Archived from the original on 2012-09-23. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
  4. ^ "India-Singapore Economic and Commercial Relations". Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry. Archived from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 18 June 2008.
  5. ^ "Conclusion of the second review of the India-Singapore Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement". www.mti.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 2019-02-12. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
  6. ^ "Can firms hire Indian professionals in Singapore without valid work passes, or without adhering to fair employment guidelines?". www.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 2019-02-12. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
  7. ^ "Singapore blocks visas for Indian IT professionals - Times of India ►". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 2018-11-28. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
  8. ^ "Committed to CECA review with India, says Singapore". The Economic Times. 6 April 2017. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  9. ^ "Third review of landmark India-Singapore economic deal to focus on trade facilitation, e-commerce and customs". The Straits Times. 1 September 2018. Archived from the original on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  10. ^ "FTAs Singapore Has Signed". Enterprise Singapore. 15 September 2019.
  11. ^ a b "What the heck is CECA & should you be angry at it, explained". Mothership. 10 November 2019. Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  12. ^ "Work pass holders get jail for submitting false degree qualifications". Archived from the original on 2021-09-20.
  13. ^ "Are Singaporean workers really losing jobs to Indian expats due to CECA free-trade deal?". South China Morning Post. 12 September 2020. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  14. ^ "Netizens remain sceptical over Government's clarification that CECA doesn't allow Indian nationals to become citizens of Singapore". The Online Citizen. 28 August 2020. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  15. ^ "MTI continues to defend CECA: Less than 5% of EP holders are intra-corporate transferees". The Online Citizen. 12 September 2020. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  16. ^ "Govt takes 'very serious view' of falsehoods on CECA that try to divide Singapore: Chan Chun Sing". TODAY. 9 November 2019. Archived from the original on 10 November 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  17. ^ "As Chan Chun Sing defends CECA, we need to ask if CECA works for the majority of Singaporeans or just the few at the top?". The Online Citizen. 1 September 2020. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  18. ^ "Tan Cheng Bock's promise to call for a review of CECA agreement trends online". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  19. ^ Koh, Fabian (14 July 2020). "GE2020: PSP chooses assistant secretary-general Leong Mun Wai and vice-chairman Hazel Poa as NCMPs". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  20. ^ "GE2020: PSP's Hazel Poa and Leong Mun Wai will take up NCMP seats". CNA. 14 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  21. ^ "Press Statement on Election of Non-Constituency Members of Parliament" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-07-16. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
  22. ^ "Piyush Gupta was still a foreigner when he received CEO appointment letter from DBS". The Online Citizen. 5 September 2020. Archived from the original on 7 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  23. ^ "Ministers take NCMP Leong Mun Wai to task over remarks about DBS chief". The Straits Times. 5 September 2020. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
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