Shepherd's pie
 | |
| Type | Meat pie |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | United Kingdom |
| Main ingredients | Mashed potato crust and meat filling |
| Variations | Cumberland pie, Shepherdess pie |
 Media: Shepherd's pie | |
Shepherd's pie or cottage pie is a meat pie with a crust of mashed potato.[1][2][3][4][5]
The recipe can vary widely. The defining ingredients are minced meat (commonly beef when named cottage pie or lamb when named shepherd's pie), typically cooked in a gravy with onions and sometimes other vegetables, such as peas, celery or carrots, and topped with mashed potato. The pie is sometimes also topped with grated cheese.
Etymology[edit]
The term cottage pie was in use by 1791,[2][6] when the potato was being introduced as an edible crop affordable for the poor (cf. "cottage" meaning a modest dwelling for rural workers). The term shepherd's pie did not appear until 1854,[2] and was used synonymously with cottage pie, regardless of whether the meat was beef or mutton.[1][4][7][8][9][10][11][12] In the United Kingdom, the term shepherd's pie is now commonly used when the meat is lamb.[13][14][15]
History[edit]
In early cookery books, the dish was a means of using leftover roasted meat of any kind, and the pie dish was lined with mashed potato as well as having a mashed potato crust on top.[8][9]
Variations[edit]
Other mashed-potato-topped pies include:
- The modern Cumberland pie is a version with either beef or lamb, and a layer of breadcrumbs and cheese on top. In medieval times (and modern-day Cumbria) the crust was pastry, and the filling was meat with fruits and spices.[16]
- A St. Stephen's Day pie is made using turkey and ham.[17]
- A fish pie is another British dish of fish and seafood in sauce topped with mashed potato.
- In Quebec, a variation of the dish is called Pâté chinois. It is made with ground beef on the bottom layer, canned corn in the middle, and mashed potato on top.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b The Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 1933
- ^ a b c "shepherd's pie". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2018-04-17.
- ^ "The Chambers Dictionary", Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 1999
- ^ a b Concise Oxford English Dictionary, Eleventh Edition (Revised), Oxford University Press, 2006
- ^ "Jewish Cookery by Florence Greenberg", Penguin Books Ltd, 1947–1963
- ^ "Home : Oxford English Dictionary". Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- ^ The Glutton's Glossary: A Dictionary of Food and Drink Terms. Routledge. 1990. Retrieved 20 January 2009.
- ^ a b Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management by Isabella Beeton, recipe 1427 in 1907 edition. Uses beef or mutton. Recipe not in original 1861 edition.
- ^ a b Cassell's New Universal Cookery Book by Lizzie Heritage published by Cassell and Company, 1894
- ^ The Constance Spry Cookery Book by Constance Spry and Rosemary Hume, J M Dent & Sons, 1956
- ^ Mrs Beeton’s Everyday Cookery, editor Susan Dixon, published by Ward Lock Limited, London, 1982, page 145, Shepherd’s Pie made with beef
- ^ Chambers Dictionary, Ninth Edition, published by Chambers Harrap Publishing Ltd, 2003
- ^ "Delia Smith: Shepherds Pie with Crusted Leeks". Retrieved 24 January 2009.
- ^ "BBC Food Recipes: Shepherd's Pie". Retrieved 1 October 2011.
- ^ "Shepherds' Pie and Cottage Pie". Retrieved 24 January 2009.
- ^ "What is Cumberland Pie?". Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ^ "BBC - Food - Recipes : Turkey and ham pie". Retrieved 7 December 2015.
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