Crafoord Prize
| The Crafoord Prize | |
|---|---|
| Awarded for | in astronomy and mathematics, biosciences, geosciences or polyarthritis research, awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
| Country | Sweden |
| Presented by | Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
| First awarded | 1982 |
| Official website | www |
The Crafoord Prize is an annual science prize established in 1980 by Holger Crafoord, a Swedish industrialist, and his wife Anna-Greta Crafoord. Administered by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the prize is awarded in four categories: astronomy and mathematics; geosciences; biosciences, with particular emphasis on ecology; and polyarthritis, the disease from which Holger severely suffered in his last years. According to the Academy, "these disciplines are chosen so as to complement those for which the Nobel Prizes are awarded".[1] Only one award is given each year, according to a rotating scheme – astronomy and mathematics; then geosciences; then biosciences.[1] A Crafoord Prize is only awarded when a special committee decides that substantial progress in the field has been made.[1] The recipient of the Crafoord Prize is announced each year in mid-January; on Crafoord Day in April, the prize is presented by the King of Sweden, who also presents the Nobel Prizes at the ceremony in December.[1][2] The prize money, which as of 2015[update] is 4,000,000 kr (or US$500,000), is intended to fund further research by the winner.
The inaugural winners, Vladimir Arnold and Louis Nirenberg, were cited by the Academy for their work in the field of non-linear differential equations. The first woman to be awarded the prize was astronomer Andrea Ghez in 2012.
Winners[edit]
| Year | Category | Image | Laureate | Nationality | Work[3] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1982 | Mathematics | Vladimir Arnold | Theory of non-linear differential equations | ||
| Louis Nirenberg | |||||
| 1983 | Geosciences | — | Edward Lorenz | Geophysical hydrodynamics | |
| Henry Stommel | |||||
| 1984 | Biosciences | Daniel H. Janzen | Co-evolution | ||
| 1985 | Astronomy | Lyman Spitzer | Studies of the interstellar medium | ||
| 1986 | Geosciences | Claude Allègre | Isotope geochemical relations | ||
| — | Gerald J. Wasserburg | ||||
| 1987 | Biosciences | — | Eugene P. Odum | Ecosystem ecology | |
| Howard T. Odum | |||||
| 1988 | Mathematics | Pierre Deligne | Algebraic geometry | ||
| Alexander Grothendieck[B] | None | ||||
| 1989 | Geosciences | James Van Allen | Exploration of space, the discovery the Van Allen belts | ||
| 1990 | Biosciences | Paul R. Ehrlich | Dynamics and genetics of fragmented populations | ||
| Edward Osborne Wilson | Theory of island biogeography | ||||
| 1991 | Astronomy | — | Allan Rex Sandage | Study of galaxies | |
| 1992 | Geosciences | — | Adolf Seilacher | Research into evolution of life | |
| 1993 | Biosciences | — | W. D. Hamilton | Theories of kin selection and genetic relationship | |
| Seymour Benzer | Genetical and neurophysiological studies of fruit flies | ||||
| 1994 | Mathematics | Simon Donaldson | Four-dimensional geometry | ||
| Shing-Tung Yau | Non-linear techniques in differential geometry | ||||
| 1995 | Geosciences | — | Willi Dansgaard | Development of isotope geological analysis methods | |
| Nicholas Shackleton | |||||
| 1996 | Biosciences | Robert M. May | Ecological research | ||
| 1997 | Astronomy | — | Fred Hoyle | Study of nuclear processes in stars, stellar evolution | |
| — | Edwin Salpeter | ||||
| 1998 | Geosciences | Don L. Anderson | Study of the structures and processes in the interior of the Earth | ||
| — | Adam M. Dziewonski | ||||
| 1999 | Biosciences | Ernst Mayr | Developing the concept of evolutionary biology | ||
| John Maynard Smith | |||||
| — | George C. Williams | ||||
| 2000 | Polyarthritis | — | Marc Feldmann | Definition of TNF-alpha | |
| Ravinder N. Maini | |||||
| 2001 | Mathematics | Alain Connes | Theory of operator algebras, founder of the non-commutative geometry | ||
| 2002 | Geosciences | — | Dan P. McKenzie | Dynamics of the lithosphere | |
| 2003 | Biosciences | Carl Woese | Third domain of life | ||
| 2004 | Polyarthritis | Eugene C. Butcher | Study of molecular mechanisms concerning white blood cells | ||
| Timothy A. Springer | |||||
| 2005 | Astronomy | James E. Gunn | Understanding the large-scale structure of the Universe | ||
| James Peebles | |||||
| Martin Rees | |||||
| 2006 | Geosciences | Wallace Smith Broecker | Research into the global carbon cycle | ||
| 2007 | Biosciences | — | Robert Trivers | Analysis of social evolution | |
| 2008 | Astronomy | Rashid Alievich Sunyaev | Contributions to high-energy astrophysics and cosmology | ||
| Mathematics | Maxim Kontsevich | Contributions to mathematics from modern theoretical physics | |||
| Edward Witten | |||||
| 2009 | Polyarthritis | Charles Dinarello | Isolation of interleukins, understanding their role in the onset of inflammatory diseases | ||
| Tadamitsu Kishimoto | |||||
| Toshio Hirano | |||||
| 2010 | Geosciences | Walter Munk | "for his pioneering and fundamental contributions to our understanding of ocean circulation, tides and waves, and their role in the Earth’s dynamics". | ||
| 2011 | Biosciences | Ilkka Hanski | "for his pioneering studies on how spatial variation affects the dynamics of animal and plant populations". | ||
| 2012 | Astronomy | Reinhard Genzel | "for their observations of the stars orbiting the galactic centre, indicating the presence of a supermassive black hole". | ||
| Andrea M. Ghez | |||||
| Mathematics | Jean Bourgain | "for their brilliant and groundbreaking work in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, ergodic theory, number theory, combinatorics, functional analysis and theoretical computer science". | |||
| Terence Tao | |||||
| 2013 | Polyarthritis | Peter K. Gregersen | "for their discoveries concerning the role of different genetic factors and their interactions with environmental factors in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management of rheumatoid arthritis". | ||
| Lars Klareskog | |||||
| Robert J. Winchester | |||||
| 2014 | Geosciences | — | Peter Molnar | "for his ground-breaking contribution to the understanding of global tectonics, in particular the deformation of continents and the structure and evolution of mountain ranges, as well as the impact of tectonic processes on ocean-atmosphere circulation and climate". | |
| 2015 | Biosciences | — | Richard Lewontin | "for their pioneering analyses and fundamental contributions to the understanding of genetic polymorphism". | |
| — | Tomoko Ohta |
Notes[edit]
a Nirenberg was born in Canada.[4]
b Grothendieck was born in Germany, but has spent most of his life in France. Legally, he was a stateless person. He declined his prize.[5]
c Shing-Tung Yau was born in China.[6]
d Dziewonski was born in Poland.[7]
e Kontsevich was born in Russia.[8]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d "About the prize". The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 3 July 2009.
- ^ "King of Sweden awards Crafoord Prize to IC researchers". Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. 4 October 2000. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ^ "The Crafoord Prize 1982–2009" (PDF). The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 2, 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
- ^ "Louis Nirenberg Receives National Medal of Science" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. October 1996. p. 1111. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
- ^ Matthews, Robert (20 August 2006). "Mathematics, where nothing is ever as simple as it seems". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ^ Overbye, Dennis (17 October 2006). "The Emperor of Math". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ^ "Dziewonski Receives 2002 William Bowie Medal". American Geophysical Union. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ^ "Kontsevich and Witten Receive 2008 Crafoord Prize in Mathematics" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. May 2008. p. 583. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
External links[edit]
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crafoord Prize. |