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Demographics of Morocco

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Demographics of Morocco
Population pyramid of Morocco in 2020[needs update]
Population36,828,330 (2024 census)[1]
Growth rate0.85% (between 2014 and 2024)
Birth rate17.42 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy77.2 years (2024)[2]
Fertility rate1.97 children born/woman (2024 census)
Infant mortality rate16 deaths/1,000 live births (2023)[3]
Net migration rate-1.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years27.04%
65 and over7.11%
Sex ratio
Total1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.05 male(s)/female
Under 151.04 male(s)/female
65 and over0.81 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityMoroccan
Language
OfficialArabic, Berber
SpokenArabic, Berber

Demographic features of the population of Morocco include population density, ethnicity, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. All figures are from the Haut-Commissariat au Plan of Morocco[4] or the United Nations Demographic Yearbooks,[5] unless otherwise indicated.

The population of Morocco in 2024 was 36,828,330.[1] Moroccans are primarily of Arab, Berber, and Morisco origins.[6][7] Socially, there are two contrasting groups of Moroccans: those living in the cities and those in rural areas. Among Morocco’s rural communities, several socio-economic classes have formed. The majority of the Moroccan population lives in northwestern Morocco, along the fertile coastal regions near the Mediterranean Sea.

About 99 percent of Moroccans are considered to be Sunni Muslims (either religiously or culturally). The significant and millennia-old Jewish minority has largely decreased since the creation of the State of Israel in 1948. Today there are 2,500 Moroccan Jews inside the country.[8] Thousands of Moroccan Jews living in Europe, Israel-Palestine, and the Americas regularly visit the Morocco. There is a small minority of Moroccan Christians. In 2014, most of the 86,206 foreign residents are French, Spaniards, Algerians, and sub-Saharan African migrants.

Population size and structure

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Morocco Population and Housing Census
YearPop.±% p.a.
1960 11,626,232—    
1971 15,321,210+2.54%
1982 20,449,551+2.66%
1994 26,073,717+2.05%
2004 29,891,708+1.38%
2014 33,762,036+1.23%
2024 36,828,330+0.87%
[9]

The 2024 General Population and Housing Census was conducted by the High Commission for Planning (Morocco).

Main populated areas

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Most Moroccans live west and north of the Atlas Mountains, a range that insulates the country from the Sahara Desert. Casablanca is the largest city and the centre of business and industry, and has the leading seaport and airport. Rabat is the seat of government. Tangier and Nador are the two major northern seaports on the Mediterranean. Fez is a cultural, religious and industrial centre. Marrakesh and Agadir are the two major tourist centres. Oujda is the largest city of eastern Morocco. Meknes houses the military academy. Kenitra has the largest military airbase. Mohammedia has the largest oil refineries and other major industrial installations.

Structure of the population

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Structure of the population (Census 2004):[10][11]

Age group Male Female Total %
Total 14 640 662 15 039 407 29 680 069 100
Total(known) 14 045 137 14 783 487 28 828 624 97.13
0–4 1 488 631 1 435 833 2 924 464 9.85
5–9 1 552 440 1 502 718 3 055 158 10.29
10–14 1 666 632 1 614 368 3 281 000 11.05
15–19 1 564 900 1 583 690 3 148 590 10.61
20–24 1.426.174 1 521 526 2 947 700 9.93
25–29 1 190 111 1 292 162 2 482 273 8.36
30–34 1 054 069 1 149 302 2 203 371 7.42
35–39 897 812 993 739 1 891 551 6.37
40–44 892 083 968 391 1 860 474 6.27
45–49 758 044 731 635 1 489 679 5.02
50–54 627 433 599 755 1 227 188 4.13
55–59 370 969 388 594 759 563 2.56
60–64 340 722 400 169 740 891 2.50
65–69 261 046 274 018 535 064 1.80
70–74 236 107 267 260 503 367 1.70
75+ 58 933 60 327 119 260 0.40
unknown 595 525 255 920 851 445 2.87
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 4 707 703 4 552 919 9 260 622 31.20
15–64 8 781 348 9 628 963 18 410 311 62.03
65+ 556 086 601 605 1 157 691 3.90

According to 2004 census

Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 ~9 260 182 31.2
15–59 ~18 164 202 61.2
60+ ~2 404 086 8.1

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2013) (Based on the results of the 2004 Population Census.) :

Age group Male Female Total %
Total 16 371 475 16 578 971 32 950 445 100
0–4 1 482 899 1 421 020 2 903 919 8.81
5–9 1 453 315 1 391 847 2 845 161 8.63
10–14 1 473 231 1 420 973 2 894 204 8.78
15–19 1 547 292 1 496 243 3 043 535 9.24
20–24 1 614 483 1 564 368 3 178 851 9.65
25–29 1 477 952 1 494 267 2 972 219 9.02
30–34 1 338 558 1 409 129 2 747 687 8.34
35–39 1 106 764 1 199 802 2 306 566 7.00
40–44 975 428 1 070 441 2 045 869 6.21
45–49 862 688 947 158 1 809 846 5.49
50–54 859 927 902 421 1 762 347 5.35
55–59 704 367 670 923 1 375 290 4.17
60–64 543 733 529 913 1 073 646 3.26
65–69 314 577 348 098 662 674 2.01
70–74 276 251 333 385 609 636 1.85
75+ 340 012 378 983 718 996 2.18
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 4 409 445 4 233 840 8 643 285 26.23
15–64 11 031 190 11 284 665 22 315 855 67.73
65+ 930 840 1 060 466 1 991 306 6.04

Structure of the population (Census 2014) :

Age group Male Female Total %
Total (known) 16 330 731 16 416 140 32 746 871 100
0–4 1 700 796 1 623 119 3 323 915 9.82
5–9 1 524 586 1 460 840 2 985 426 8.82
10–14 1 532 755 1 475 241 3 007 996 8.89
15–19 1 490 344 1 468 114 2 958 458 8.74
20–24 1 495 404 1 520 770 3 016 174 8.91
25–29 1 369 558 1 411 583 2 781 141 8.22
30–34 1 289 375 1 338 721 2 628 096 7.76
35–39 1 137 269 1 198 986 2 336 255 6.90
40–44 1 058 073 1 102 280 2 160 353 6.38
45–49 879 096 926 400 1 805 496 5.33
50–54 877 383 925 006 1 802 389 5.32
55–59 715 207 669 610 1 384 817 4.09
60–64 594 071 566 539 1 160 610 3.43
65–69 316 816 321 867 638 683 1.89
70–74 268 617 316 576 585 193 1.73
75–79 81 381 90 488 171 869 0.51
unknown 1 101 371 3.25
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 4 758 137 4 559 200 9 317 337 27.53
15–64 10 905 780 11 128 009 22 033 789 65.10
65+ 666 814 728 931 1 395 745 4.12

According to 2014 census

Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 ~9 477 508 28.0%
15–59 ~21 121 303 62.4%
60+ ~3 249 431 9.6%

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Projections based on the results of national survey on population and health conducted between 2010 and 2011, and especially population and housing census 2014.):[12]

Age group Male Female Total %
Total 17 906 986 18 044 671 35 591 657 100
0–4 1 492 467 1 429 285 2 921 752 8.21
5–9 1 708 600 1 633 163 3 341 763 9.39
10–14 1 559 465 1 499 301 3 058 766 8.59
15–19 1 543 022 1 476 586 3 019 608 8.48
20–24 1 485 093 1 464 748 2 949 841 8.29
25–29 1 486 386 1 512 412 2 998 798 8.43
30–34 1 375 309 1 425 420 2 800 729 7.87
35–39 1 285 134 1 341 877 2 627 011 7.38
40–44 1 151 768 1 222 974 2 374 742 6.67
45–49 1 060 816 1 114 695 2 175 511 6.11
50–54 896 058 947 784 1 843 842 5.18
55–59 870 841 911 813 1 782 654 5.01
60–64 712 857 690 587 1 403 444 3.94
65–69 571 519 554 058 1 125 577 3.16
70–74 312 752 324 624 637 376 1.79
75–79 213 596 265 028 478 624 1.34
80+ 181 303 230 316 411 619 1.16
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 4 760 532 4 561 749 9 322 281 26.19
15–64 11 867 284 12 108 896 23 976 180 67.36
65+ 1 279 170 1 374 026 2 653 196 7.45

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2023):[13]

Age group Male Female Total %
Total 18 439 000 18 583 000 37 022 000 100
0–4 1 479 000 1 416 000 2 894 000 7.82
5–9 1 555 000 1 490 000 3 046 000 8.23
10–14 1 678 000 1 605 000 3 283 000 8.87
15–19 1 522 000 1 463 000 2 985 000 8.06
20–24 1 518 000 1 464 000 2 982 000 8.05
25–29 1 456 000 1 460 000 2 916 000 7.88
30–34 1 446 000 1 489 000 2 935 000 7.93
35–39 1 316 000 1 373 000 2 689 000 7.26
40–44 1 232 000 1 293 000 2 525 000 6.82
45–49 1 099 000 1 168 000 2 267 000 6.12
50–54 997 000 1 048 000 2 045 000 5.52
55–59 853 000 906 000 1 759 000 4.75
60–64 817 000 843 000 1 661 000 4.49
65-69 622 000 598 000 1 220 000 3.30
70-74 450 000 457 000 907 000 2.45
75-79 209 000 245 000 455 000 1.23
80+ 190 000 264 000 454 000 1.23
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 4 712 000 4 511 000 9 223 000 24.91
15–64 12 256 000 12 508 000 24 763 000 66.89
65+ 1 471 000 1 564 000 3 036 000 8.20
1015202530354019601970198019902000201020202030PopulationMorocco Total Population
View source data.
TFRyears1234567819601970198019902000201020202030Total Fertility RateTotal fertility rate
View source data.

Vital statistics

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Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Fertility rates
1960 11,626,000
1962 12,177,000 561 360 227 710 333 650 46.1 18.7 27.4 7.20
1971 15,379,000
1972 15,772,000
1973 16,196,000
1974 16,630,000
1975 17,072,000 5.91
1976 17,521,000
1977 17,978,000
1978 18,440,000
1979 18,908,000
1980 19,380,000
1981 19,855,000
1982 20,419,000 756 425 215 504 540 921 37.2 10.6 26.6 5.52
1983 20,815,000
1984 21,297,000
1985 21,779,000
1986 22,261,000
1987 22,742,000
1988 23,220,000
1989 23,696,000
1990 24,167,000
1991 24,634,000
1992 25,095,000
1993 25,549,000
1994 26,074,000 675 896 174 173 501 723 26.0 6.7 19.3 3.28
1995 26,435,000
1996 26,864,000
1997 27,282,000
1998 27,689,000
1999 28,084,000
2000 28,466,000
2001 28,833,000
2002 29,185,000
2003 29,520,000
2004 29,892,000 602 768 173 073 429 696 20.2 5.8 14.4 2.47
2005 30,215,000
2006 30,606,000
2007 30,998,000
2008 31,391,000
2009 31,786,000
2010 32,182,000 599 607 178 606 421 001 18.8 5.6 13.2 2.19
2011 32,579,000
2012 32,978,000 18.5 5.1 13.4
2013 33,378,000 18.3 5.1 13.2
2014 33,848,242 18.1 5.1 13.0 2.21
2015 34,124,870 17.6 5.4 12.3
2016 34,486,536 17.4 5.2 12.2
2017 34,852,121 677,411 17.2 5.1 12.1
2018 35,219,547 679,863[14] (623,036) 141,207 481,829 17.7 5.1 12.6 2.38
2019 35,586,616 681,606[14] (749,758[15]) 21.1 5.0 16.1
2020 35,952,000 682,984[14] (660,391[15]) 18.4
2021 37,082,000 684,121[14] (650,892[16]) 228,888 422,004 17.55 6.17 11.38
2022 684,738[14] 2.07[14]
2023 37,022,000 592,352 188,812 403,540 16.0 5.1 10.9 2.05[13]
2024 36,828,330[13] 560,000(e) 15.2 1.97[1]
2025 36,800,000(e) 540,000(e) 14.7 1.90(e)

Source: Haut-Commissariat au Plan (HCP)[17]

Demographic and Health Surveys

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Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):

Year[18] Total Urban Rural
CBR TFR CBR TFR CBR TFR
1987 4,62 (3,76) 3,24 (2,55) 5,88 (4,88)
1992 28,4 4,04 (2,66) 21,5 2,54 (1,73) 33,7 5,54 (3,62)
1995 26,0 3,31 (2,24) 20,4 2,17 (1,51) 30,6 4,50 (3,01)
2003–2004 21,1 2,5 (1,8) 18,7 2,1 (1,6) 24,3 3,0 (2,2)

Life expectancy

[edit]
Life expectancy in Morocco since 1950
Life expectancy in Morocco since 1960 by gender

life expectancy by year :[2]

2014 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
75.6 76.6 76.7 76.9 77 77.2

Ethnic groups

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Moroccans are primarily of Arab, Berber, and Andalusian origins (as in other countries of the Mediterranean Maghreb).[6][7] The Higher Planning Commission, the country's state statistics bureau, does not collect data on ethnic demographics, citing the historical difficulty of distinguishing between Arabs and Berbers, even among Berber speakers.[19]

According to 2024 census data, 92.7% of the population speaks Arabic, while 24.8% regularly speak an Amazigh variety.[20] Despite the lack of official ethnic statistics, estimates typically put the Berber population as ranging between 35–60% of the population,[21][22] with some estimates as high as 70%,[23][24] while estimates of the Arab population range between 40–60%.[25][26]

Ethnic map of Morocco (1973)[27]
Berber girls from Morocco

The Arab population of Morocco is a result of the inflow of Arab tribes from the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant since the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the 7th century, with a major wave in the 11th century.[28] During the 11th century, a major migration to the region by Arab tribes occurred as the tribes of Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym, along with others, were sent by the Fatimids to defeat a Berber rebellion; these tribes then settled in the Maghreb.[29] Between the Nile and the Red Sea were Arab tribes expelled from Arabia for their turbulence, Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym, who often plundered farming areas in the Nile Valley.[30] According to Ibn Khaldun, whole tribes set off with women, children, ancestors, animals and camping equipment.[30] These tribes, who arrived in the region of Morocco around the 12th-13th centuries, and later the Ma'qil in the 14th century, contributed to a more extensive ethnic, genetic, cultural, and linguistic Arabization of Morocco over time,[31] especially beyond the major urban centres and the northern regions which had previously been the main sites of Arabization.[32]

The Berber population mainly lives in the mountainous regions of Morocco where some preserve Berber culture, and are split into three groups; Rifians, Shilha, and Central Atlas Amazigh. The Rifians inhabit the Rif mountains, the Shilha inhabit the Anti-Atlas mountains, and the Central Atlas Amazigh inhabit the Middle Atlas mountains.[33][34] The Arabized Berbers who constitute about a quarter of the population are the Berbers who were Arabized mainly as a result of the Arab nomad inflow, and have adopted Arab culture and the Arabic language as their native language, especially those who sought the protection of the Bedouin.[31] Some parts of the population are descendants of refugees who fled Spain after the Reconquista in the 15th century.

The Trans-Saharan slave trade brought a minority population of Sub-Saharan Africans to Morocco. After the founding of Israel and start of the Arab-Israeli conflict in 1948, many Jews felt compelled to leave Morocco and emigrate fled to Israel, Europe, and North America, and by 1967, 250,000 Jews left Morocco. According to a 2021 survey on 1,200 Moroccan adults, 68% were Arab, 25.6% were Berber, 3.6% were Sahrawi, and 2.7% were others.[35]

Immigration

[edit]
Foreign residents in Morocco by country of birth, in 1994

Languages

[edit]
See also: Languages of Morocco

Arabic and Berber are the official languages of Morocco. The majority spoken language in Morocco is Arabic which is spoken by 92.7% of the population and includes the dialects of Moroccan Arabic (Hilalian dialects), spoken by 91.9%, and Hassaniya Arabic, spoken by 0.8%. Berber languages are spoken by 24.8% of the population in three varieties (3.2% speak Tarifit, 14.2% speak Shilha, and 7.4% speak Tamazight).[36] According to the 2024 Moroccan census, 99.2%, or almost the entire literate population of Morocco, could read and write in Arabic, while 1.5% of the population could read and write in Berber. The census also indicated that 80.6% of Moroccans consider Arabic to be their native language, while 18.9% regard any of the various Berber languages as their mother tongue.[36][37]

French is a working-foreign language of government and enterprises, and is taught throughout school. It serves as Morocco's primary foreign language of business, economics, and scientific university education. French is also widely used in the media. Morocco is a member of La Francophonie.

Amazigh activists long-struggled for the recognition of their language as an official language of Morocco, which was achieved in July 2011. Northern Moroccans are often proficient in Spanish.

English is rapidly becoming a foreign language of choice among Moroccans. Since the State education reforms of 2002, English has been taught to Moroccan students, beginning in fourth year of primary school.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat 2024" (PDF). casainvest.ma.
  2. ^ a b "Espérance de vie à la naissance (en années)". www.hcp.ma (in French).
  3. ^ "Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) - Morocco". data.worldbank.org.
  4. ^ "Population & démographie | Site institutionnel du Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc". www.hcp.ma. Retrieved 20 April 2025.
  5. ^ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  6. ^ a b "Morocco", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 10 August 2022, archived from the original on 12 August 2022, retrieved 18 August 2022
  7. ^ a b "Morocco Population 2020 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)". worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  8. ^ Azagury, Yaëlle; Majid, Anouar (9 April 2019). "Opinion | The Moroccan Exception in the Arab World". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 20 April 2025.
  9. ^ "Aperçu sur les recensements au Maroc". Royaume du Maroc. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  10. ^ "United Nations Statistics Division – Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org.
  11. ^ Maaroufi, Youssef. "Présentation des principaux résultats du RGPH 2014".
  12. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org.
  13. ^ a b c "les indicateurs sociaux du Maroc Edition 2024" (PDF). www.tanmia.ma.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Démographie : 684.893 naissances attendues en 2023
  15. ^ a b "Maroc : En 2020, le nombre de naissances a baissé dans le contexte de la pandémie".
  16. ^ "ONU : La population du Maroc franchira la barre des 40 millions en 2030".
  17. ^ Maaroufi, Youssef. "Population du Maroc par année civile (en milliers et au milieu de l'année) par milieu de résidence : 1960 – 2050". Archived from the original on 27 December 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  18. ^ "The DHS Program – Quality information to plan, monitor and improve population, health, and nutrition programs". www.dhsprogram.com.
  19. ^ Ibriz, Lina (30 August 2024). "Budget, RSU, langue ...: à la veille du RGPH 2024, Lahlimi Alami fait un dernier point". Le Desk.
  20. ^ Rédaction, La. "Près de 25% des Marocains parlent amazigh au quotidien, selon le HCP". Telquel.ma (in French). Retrieved 31 March 2026.
  21. ^ Ncube, Lyton; Mkwendi, Chengeto Pauline; Batisayi, Amos (17 August 2024). "Victory for Africa or the Arab world? Moroccan nationalism, Arab exceptionalism, pan-African solidarity and digital fandom during the 2022 FIFA World Cup". Soccer & Society. 25 (4–6): 673–692. doi:10.1080/14660970.2024.2332092. ISSN 1466-0970.
  22. ^ Vermeren, Pierre (2020). Le Maroc en 100 questions: un royaume de paradoxes. En 100 questions. Paris: Tallandier. ISBN 979-10-210-3699-4.
  23. ^ Gagliardi, Silvia (7 February 2019). "Indigenous peoples' rights in Morocco: subaltern narratives by Amazigh women". The International Journal of Human Rights. 23 (1–2): 281–296. doi:10.1080/13642987.2019.1574757. ISSN 1364-2987.
  24. ^ Basma El Atti ــ Rabat. "Morocco's complex identity: African, Amazigh, and Arab". The New Arab. Archived from the original on 29 March 2026. Retrieved 31 March 2026.
  25. ^ "Morocco | History, Map, Flag, Capital, People, & Facts | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 12 March 2026. Retrieved 31 March 2026.
  26. ^ "Morocco | Geography and Cartography | Research Starters | EBSCO Research". EBSCO. Retrieved 31 March 2026.
  27. ^ "Morocco - University of Texas Libraries GeoData". geodata.lib.utexas.edu. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  28. ^ Stearns, Peter N.; Leonard Langer, William (2001). The Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged (6 ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 129–131. ISBN 978-0-395-65237-4.
  29. ^ el-Hasan, Hasan Afif (1 May 2019). Killing the Arab Spring. Algora Publishing. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-62894-349-8. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  30. ^ a b Le Tourneau, Roger (1966). "Ibn Khaldun, laudateur et contempteur des Arabes". Revue de l'Occident Musulman et de la Méditerranée. 2: 155–168. doi:10.3406/remmm.1966.933. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  31. ^ a b Nelson, Harold D. (1985). Morocco, a Country Study. Headquarters, Department of the Army. p. 14. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  32. ^ Aguade, Jordi; Cressier, Patrice; Vicente, Angeles, eds. (1998). Peuplement et arabisation au Maghreb occidental : dialectologie et histoire. Zaragoza: Casa de Velazquez.
  33. ^ Picard, Louis A.; Buss, Terry F.; Seybolt, Taylor B.; Lelei, Macrina C. (22 April 2015). Sustainable Development and Human Security in Africa: Governance as the Missing Link. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4822-5543-0. Although the majority of Moroccans are Arabs, the Berbers (or Amazigh) represent 30%. Berbers are spread out in rural areas: the Rif Mountains, Middle High, and Anti-Atlas, and southern Souss Valley, as well as Morocco's major cities.
  34. ^ Khazaal, Natalie (1 August 2013). "Re-evaluating Mohamed Choukri's Autobiography Al-Khubz al-Ḥāfi: The Oppression of Morocco's Amazigh Population, the Ṣaʿālīk, and Backlash". Middle Eastern Literatures. 16 (2): 148. doi:10.1080/1475262X.2013.843259. ISSN 1475-262X. He belonged to the Riffian Amazigh, who are one of the three major groups of Moroccan Amazigh—Riffian, Central Atlas Amazigh, and Shilha (Chleuh).
  35. ^ Abderebbi, Mhammed. "Morocco Round 8 Summary of Results". Afro Barometer. Global for Survey and Consulting. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  36. ^ a b Gauthier, Christophe. "كلمة افتتاحية للسيد المندوب السامي للتخطيط بمناسبة الندوة الصحفية الخاصة بتقديم معطيات الإحصاء العام للسكان والسكنى 2024". Site institutionnel du Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc (in French). Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  37. ^ Babas, Latifa (18 December 2024). "How many Moroccans consider Tamazight their mother tongue, and where do they live ?". Yabiladi.
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