Di Rupo Government
Di Rupo Government | |
---|---|
93rd Cabinet of Belgium (since 1830) | |
Incumbent | |
Date formed | 6 December 2011 |
People and organisations | |
Head of state | Albert II of Belgium Philippe of Belgium |
Head of government | Elio Di Rupo |
Deputy head of government | See list
|
Member party | sp.a PS CD&V cdH Open Vld MR |
Status in legislature | Coalition |
History | |
Election | 2010 |
Incoming formation | 2010–11 Belgian government formation |
Outgoing formation | 2014 Belgian government formation |
Predecessor | Leterme II |
The Di Rupo Government is the present federal cabinet of Belgium which was sworn in on 6 December 2011,[1] after a record-breaking 541 days of negotiations following the June 2010 elections. The government includes social democrats (sp.a/PS), Christian democrats (CD&V/cdH) and liberals (Open Vld/MR), respectively of the Dutch and French language groups. The government notably excludes the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA), the Flemish nationalist party which achieved a plurality and became the largest party.[2] Its absence, together with the unwillingness of Open Vld to enter into an eight-party coalition that included the green parties, causes the government coalition to lack a majority in the Dutch language group. It is the first time that the Belgian prime minister has been openly gay and the world's first male openly gay head of government[3] Belgium is thus the second European country to have a homosexual prime minister, after Iceland (Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir). Elio Di Rupo is the first native French-speaking prime minister since 1979 and the first prime minister from Wallonia since 1974.
The negotiations aimed to put an end to the 2007–2011 Belgian political crisis and included a sixth state reform, including the partition of the electoral and judicial arrondissement of Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde and the transfer of new powers from the federal level to the regions. Because a state reform requires a two-third majority, the green parties (Groen/Ecolo) participated in these negotiations but are not in the government coalition.
Formation
Following issues regarding the Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde electoral district, the Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats quit the Leterme II Government, leading to early elections on 13 June 2010. In Flanders, the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) became the biggest party while the Socialist Party (PS) prevailed in Wallonia. King Albert II appointed various politicians as mediators, including Bart De Wever, André Flahaut, Danny Pieters, Johan Vande Lanotte, Didier Reynders and Wouter Beke. Ultimately, Elio Di Rupo made a proposition which was refused by The New Flemish Alliance, but accepted by all other parties and as such they continued without the N-VA.
On 13 October 2011, it was decided that the green parties would not be part of the government but would support it in matters of confidence to achieve the two-thirds majority needed for state reform.
On 26 November 2011, the six remaining parties agreed on the national budget and agreed to the coalition on 3 December.
After more than 19 hours of negotiation, the parties involved came to an agreement on the allocation of ministries on 5 December 2011.[4] The government was sworn in the next day. With 13 ministers and 6 secretaries of state, this government is one of the smallest by the number of ministers, not taking into account the secretaries of state.[5]
Change in composition
Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prime Minister | |||||||||
Prime Minister (from 22 April 2022 until 14 July 2022 also acting Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Affairs (replacing Sophie Wilmès)) | 1 October 2020 | Incumbent | Open Vld | ||||||
Deputy Prime Ministers | |||||||||
Minister of Economy and Employment | 1 October 2020 | Incumbent | PS | ||||||
Minister of Foreign Affairs, European Affairs, Foreign Trade and Federal Cultural Institutions (absent from 22 April 2022 until 14 July 2022, replaced by colleagues De Croo, Clarinval and Michel) | 1 October 2020 | 14 July 2022 | MR | ||||||
Minister of the Small Businesses, Self-Employed, SMEs and Agriculture, Institutional Reforms and Democratic Renewal (from 22 April 2022 until 14 July 2022 also acting Minister of Foreign Trade and Deputy Prime Minister for the MR (replacing Sophie Wilmès)) | 22 April 2022 | Incumbent | MR | ||||||
Minister of Mobility | 1 October 2020 | Incumbent | Ecolo | ||||||
Minister of Finance, in charge of the Coordination of the Fight against Fraud | 1 October 2020 | Incumbent | CD&V | ||||||
Minister of Social Affairs and Public Health (from 19 October 2022 until 16 December 2022 also acting Minister of Development Cooperation and Urban Policy (replacing Meryame Kitir)) | 1 October 2020 | Incumbent | Vooruit | ||||||
Minister of Civil Service, Public Enterprises, Telecommunication and Postal Services | 1 October 2020 | Incumbent | Groen | ||||||
Minister of Justice and the North Sea | 1 October 2020 | 20 October 2023 | Open Vld | ||||||
Minister of Justice and the North Sea | 22 October 2023 | Incumbent | Open Vld | ||||||
Ministers | |||||||||
Minister of the Small Businesses, Self-Employed, SMEs and Agriculture, Institutional Reforms and Democratic Renewal | 1 October 2020 | 21 April 2022 | MR | ||||||
Minister of Foreign Affairs, European Affairs, Foreign Trade and Federal Cultural Institutions | 15 July 2022 | Incumbent | MR | ||||||
Minister of Pensions and Social Integration, in charge of Persons with Disabilities, Combating Poverty and Beliris | 1 October 2020 | Incumbent | PS | ||||||
Minister of Defence | 1 October 2020 | Incumbent | PS | ||||||
Minister of Climate, Environment, Sustainable Development and Green Deal | 1 October 2020 | Incumbent | Ecolo | ||||||
Minister of the Interior, Institutional Reforms and Democratic Renewal | 1 October 2020 | Incumbent | CD&V | ||||||
Minister of Development Cooperation and Urban Policy (absent from 19 October 2022 until 16 December 2022, replaced by colleague Vandenbroucke) | 1 October 2020 | 16 December 2022 | Vooruit | ||||||
Minister of Development Cooperation and Urban Policy | 17 December 2022 | Incumbent | Vooruit | ||||||
Minister of Energy | 1 October 2020 | Incumbent | Groen | ||||||
Secretaries of State | |||||||||
Secretary of State for Recovery and Strategic Investments, in charge of Science Policy Deputy to the Minister of the Economy and Employment | 1 October 2020 | Incumbent | PS | ||||||
Secretary of State for Digitization, in charge of Administrative Simplification, Privacy and Buildings Administration (from 22 April 2022 until 14 July 2022 also acting Secretary of State for Federal Cultural Institutions (replacing Sophie Wilmès)) Deputy to the Prime Minister | 1 October 2020 | Incumbent | MR | ||||||
Secretary of State for Gender Equality, Equal Opportunities and Diversity Deputy to the Minister of Mobility | 1 October 2020 | 26 April 2023 | Ecolo | ||||||
Secretary of State for Gender Equality, Equal Opportunities and Diversity Deputy to the Minister of Mobility | 2 May 2023 | Incumbent | Ecolo | ||||||
Secretary of State for Asylum and Migration, in charge of the National Lottery Deputy to the Minister of the Interior, Institutional Reforms and Democratic Renewal | 1 October 2020 | 27 June 2022 | CD&V | ||||||
Secretary of State for Asylum and Migration, in charge of the National Lottery Deputy to the Minister of the Interior, Institutional Reforms and Democratic Renewal | 28 June 2022 | Incumbent | CD&V | ||||||
Secretary of State for Budget and Consumer Protection Deputy to the Minister of Justice and the North Sea | 1 October 2020 | 18 November 2022 | Open Vld | ||||||
Secretary of State for Budget and Consumer Protection Deputy to the Minister of Justice and the North Sea | 18 November 2022 | Incumbent | Open Vld |
Changes in composition
- On 21 April 2022, Sophie Wilmès took a temporary leave of absence for personal reasons. Officially she remains in office as both Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, however, in reality all her duties have been taken over by other members of the cabinet from 22 April 2022. Prime minister Alexander De Croo is the acting Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of European Affairs, David Clarinval took over her duties as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Trade, and finally Mathieu Michel took over the portfolio of Federal Cultural Institutions.[6] On 14 July 2022 Wilmès resigned definitively as a member of the De Croo government, with all her portfolios allocated to newcomer Hadja Lahbib, although David Clarinval kept the position of Deputy Prime Minister for the MR.[7]
- On 27 June 2022, Secretary of State for Asylum and Migration Sammy Mahdi was replaced by Nicole de Moor, as Mahdi had been elected the new party president of CD&V.[8]
- After a first revision of the budget after errors and a new proposal containing different errors, Secretary of State for Budget Eva De Bleeker offered her resignation on 18 November 2022 and was immediately replaced by Alexia Bertrand . Bertrand is a member of the French speaking liberals of MR, but was invited to become a party member as well for the Flemish speaking liberals of Open Vld, allowing her to take up the position.[9]
- Vooruit announced on 17 December 2022 that Minister of Development Cooperation and Urban Policy Meryame Kitir, who had been on sick leave already for nearly two months at that point, would not be returning and is now officially replaced by Caroline Gennez.[10]
- On 23 April 2023, Secretary of State for Gender Equality, Equal Opportunities and Diversity Sarah Schlitz resigned following a week of criticism mainly centered around the use of a personal logo in governmental projects (thus promoting herself with tax money which is forbidden), lying about having requested the logo to be used and on top of that one of her staff members compared the New Flemish Alliance with Nazism.[11] Schlitz' party Ecolo appointed Marie-Colline Leroy as her successor and she was sworn in on 2 May 2023.[12]
- Minister of Justice Vincent Van Quickenborne resigned on 20 October 2023, a few days after the 2023 Brussels shooting, as it turned out an error had been made as Tunisia had asked already in 2022 to transfer the perpetrator but the dossier had not been processed.[13]. Two days later, Open Vld appointed Paul Van Tigchelt to replace him [14] causing former party president Gwendolyn Rutten to announce her immediate retirement from national politics.[15]
Following the 2012 Belgian provincial and municipal elections, ministers Paul Magnette and Vincent Van Quickenborne were both elected as mayor, of Charleroi and Kortrijk respectively. As a result, Van Quickenborne resigned on 17 October 2012 and was replaced as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Pensions by Alexander De Croo, who took the oath of office on 22 October 2012. Magnette remained in his position as Minister of Public Enterprises, Scientific Policy and Development Cooperation until 17 January 2013, when he formally resigned and his successor Jean-Pascal Labille became Minister of Public Enterprises and Development Cooperation. Secretary of state Philippe Courard took over the competence of Scientific Policy from Magnette.
On March 5, 2013 Steven Vanackere resigned as Deputy-Prime Minister and Minister of Finance after he was accused of lying to parliament about his knowledge regarding the financial agreements between the Algemeen Christelijk Werknemersverbond and Belfius. He was succeeded as Deputy Prime minister by Minister of Defense Pieter De Crem and as Minister of Finance by Koen Geens.
References
- ^ Template:Nl icon "Regering Di Rupo I legt de eed af". De Standaard. 6 December 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
- ^ "Belgium close to governing coalition after 18-month gap". BBC. 1 December 2011.
- ^ Jackson, Patrick. "Profile: Belgium's Elio Di Rupo". BBC. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
- ^ Template:Fr icon La composition officielle du gouvernement Di Rupo Ier , La Libre Belgique, 5 December 2011
- ^ Template:Nl icon "13 ministers en 6 staatssecretarissen in Di Rupo I". deredactie.be. 5 December 2011.
- ^ vrtnws.be (21 April 2022). "Sophie Wilmès (MR) stopt voorlopig als minister door ziekte man, premier De Croo neemt Buitenlandse Zaken over" [Sophie Wilmès (MR) temporarily quits as Minister due to husband's illness, Prime Minister De Croo takes over Foreign Affairs].
- ^ "Sophie Wilmès (MR) stopt definitief als minister van Buitenlandse Zaken door ziekte echtgenoot". VRT (in Dutch). 14 July 2022.
- ^ vrtnws.be (27 June 2022). "CD&V verrast met nieuwe staatssecretaris voor Asiel en Migratie: wie is Nicole de Moor?" [CD&V surprises with choice for new Secretary of State for Asylum and Migration: who is Nicole de Moor?].
- ^ vrtnws.be (18 November 2022). "Staatssecretaris Eva De Bleeker (Open VLD) neemt ontslag na nieuwe fouten in begroting, opvolger Alexia Bertrand stapt over van MR naar Open VLD" [Secretary of State Eva De Bleeker (Open VLD) resigns after new errors in budget, successor Alexia Bertrand comes over from MR to Open VLD].
- ^ vrtnws.be (17 December 2022). "Caroline Gennez (Vooruit) vervangt Meryame Kitir als minister van Ontwikkelingssamenwerking" [Caroline Gennez (Vooruit) replaces Meryame Kitir as minister of Development Cooperation].
- ^ vrtnws.be (26 April 2023). ""The situation is untenable": State Secretary Sarah Schlitz (Ecolo) resigns after fuss over use of personal logo" ["De situatie is onhoudbaar": Staatssecretaris Sarah Schlitz (Ecolo) neemt ontslag na heisa over gebruik persoonlijk logo] (in Dutch).
- ^ vrtnws.be (2 May 2023). "Marie-Colline Leroy (Ecolo) legt eed af als staatssecretaris voor Gelijke Kansen" [Marie-Colline Leroy (Ecolo) sworn in as State Secretary of Equal Opportunities] (in Dutch).
- ^ vrtnws.be (20 October 2023). "Minister van Justitie Vincent Van Quickenborne neemt ontslag in nasleep van aanslag in Brussel" [Minister of Justice Vincent Van Quickenborne resigns in aftermath of attack in Brussels] (in Dutch).
- ^ vrtnws.be (22 October 2023). "Voormalig OCAD-topman Paul Van Tigchelt wordt de nieuwe minister van Justitie" [Former Threat Analysis Coordinating Body-head Paul Van Tigchelt becomes new Minister of Justice] (in Dutch).
- ^ vrtnws.be (22 October 2023). "Oud-partijvoorzitter Gwendolyn Rutten (Open VLD) stopt met nationale politiek: "Respectloze behandeling door partijtop"" [Former party president Gwendolyn Rutten (Open VLD) stops with national politics: "Respectless treatment by head of party"] (in Dutch).