Neotheropoda

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Neotheropods
Temporal range:
Late TriassicPresent, 228–0 Ma
Cast of a Coelophysis bauri skeleton
A female house sparrow (Passer domesticus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Clade: Neotheropoda
Bakker, 1986
Subgroups
Synonyms
  • Avepoda Paul, 2002
  • Eutheropoda Novas, Haro & Canale, 2003

Neotheropoda (meaning "new theropods") is a clade that includes coelophysoids and more advanced theropod dinosaurs, and is the only group of theropods that survived the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event. All neotheropods became extinct by the end of the Early Jurassic except for Averostra.

Classification[edit]

Neotheropoda was named by Robert T. Bakker in 1986 as a group including the relatively derived theropod subgroups Ceratosauria and Tetanurae, and excluding coelophysoids.[1] However, most later researchers have used it to denote a broader group. Neotheropoda was first defined as a clade by Paul Sereno in 1998 as Coelophysis plus modern birds, which includes almost all theropods except the most primitive species.[2] Dilophosauridae was formerly considered a small clade within Neotheropoda, but was later considered to be paraphyletic.[3]

The following family tree illustrates a synthesis of the relationships of the early theropod groups compiled by Hendrickx et al. in 2015.[4]

Theropoda

Herrerasauridae

Eoraptor

Eodromaeus

Tawa

Daemonosaurus

Neotheropoda

Coelophysoidea

Liliensternus

Zupaysaurus

Averostra

Ceratosauria

Tetanurae

This second cladogram is based on the redescription of Dilophosaurus by Marsh and Rowe (2020).[3]

Theropoda

Staurikosaurus

Herrerasaurus

Tawa

Chindesaurus

Eodromaeus

Neotheropoda

Lepidus

Liliensternus

Coelophysoidea

Zupaysaurus

Cryolophosaurus

Dilophosaurus

Averostra

This third cladogram is based on the larger analysis in the description of Pendraig milnerae by Spiekman et al. 2021:[5]

Theropoda

Eodromaeus

Lepidus

Neotheropoda
Coelophysoidea

Panguraptor

Pendraig

Powellvenator

Lucianovenator

Syntarsus kayentakatae

Coelophysidae

Liliensternus

Dracoraptor

Zupaysaurus

Gojirasaurus

Cryolophosaurus

Dilophosaurus

Sarcosaurus

Tachiraptor

Averostra

References[edit]

  1. ^ Bakker, R.T. 1986. The Dinosaur Heresies. William Morrow, New York. 481 pp.
  2. ^ Sereno, 1998. A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 210, 41-83.
  3. ^ a b Marsh, Adam D.; Rowe, Timothy B. (2020). "A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona". Journal of Paleontology. 94: 1–103. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.14. S2CID 220601744.
  4. ^ Hendrickx, C., Hartman, S.A., & Mateus, O. (2015). An Overview of Non- Avian Theropod Discoveries and Classification. PalArch’s Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 12(1): 1-73.
  5. ^ Spiekman SN, Ezcurra MD, Butler RJ, Fraser NC, Maidment SC (2021). "Pendraig milnerae, a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (10): Article ID 210915. doi:10.1098/rsos.210915. PMC 8493203. PMID 34754500.