Direct-to-film printing

Direct-to-film printing (DTF) is a process of printing on textiles. The process involves the direct transfer of a design by first printing it on a special film and then using a heat press to transfer the design to a garment.

History and adoption

Uptake of DTF began in the early 2020s among small and mid-size providers, followed by the introduction of dedicated DTF devices by major equipment manufacturers.

Process

In DTF, the image is typically mirrored and the CMYK layers are printed on PET film, followed by white ink to create an opaque backing. While still tacky, a fine thermoplastic polyurethane hot-melt powder is applied to the printed areas and fused. The transfer is then heat-pressed onto the garment and the carrier film is peeled.

DTF transfers can be produced on modified direct-to-garment devices or on dedicated roll-to-roll systems that integrate the printer with a powder shaker and curing unit. Once cured, transfer films can be stored and used later in the press stage, decoupling printing from garment finishing.

Comparison with other methods

Compared with direct-to-garment printing, DTF does not require fabric pre-treatment and is compatible with a wider variety of materials. Within decorated apparel workflows, industry analysis frames DTF as complementary to screen printing - especially for fine detail and low-quantity jobs, rather than a replacement.

Health and safety

DTF setups use fine thermoplastic powder and heat to cure inks and adhesives. Occupational guidance recommends controlling exposure at the source. Typical measures include local exhaust ventilation (LEV) at the printer, powder-curing stations, and adequate general room ventilation in line with regulatory standards.