Divine equilibrium

The Divinity Criterion or Divine Equilibrium or Universal Divinity or D₁-Criterion is a refinement of Perfect Bayesian equilibrium in a signaling game.

It is a restriction of receiver's beliefs to the type of senders for whom deviating towards an off-the-equilibrium message could improve his outcome compared to the equilibrium payoff. In addition to the restriction suggested by the Intuitive Criterion, the Divinity Criterion considers only those types which are most likely to send the off-the-equilibrium message.

If more than one sender could benefit from the deviation, the Intuition Criterion assigns equal probabilities for all the senders, whereas the D₁-Criterion considers different probabilities.