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Cambirela Hill

Coordinates: 27°45′47″S 48°38′50″W / 27.76306°S 48.64722°W / -27.76306; -48.64722
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Cambirela Hill
Cambirela Hill, in Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Highest point
Elevation1,052 m (3,451 ft)
Coordinates27°45′47″S 48°38′50″W / 27.76306°S 48.64722°W / -27.76306; -48.64722
Geography
Cambirela Hill is located in Brazil
Cambirela Hill
Cambirela Hill
Location of Cambirela Hill.
LocationPalhoça, Santa Catarina,  Brazil
Climbing
First ascent1934
Easiest routeNorth side

Cambirela Hill (Portuguese: Morro do Cambirela) is a mountain located in the same name massif, in the municipality of Palhoça, in the state of Santa Catarina. Its altitude is 1052 meters, which makes it the highest point in the municipality and the region, rising practically from sea level to a height of over a kilometer. It is located in the Serra do Tabuleiro State Park and dominates the entire Baía Sul [pt].[1][2]

It is thought to have been a volcano 590 million years ago.[3] Cambirela Hill is popular with hikers who want to climb to the top. It is also known for the plane crash of 1949 and the snow of 2013 [pt], which accumulated at the top of the hill and was a climatic milestone in the Greater Florianópolis region. Its size and importance have led it to be depicted by artists such as Debret and Victor Meirelles and to lend its name to a wide variety of uses in Greater Florianópolis.

Name

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According to the Tupi-Guarani dictionary, the name "Cambirela" comes from kambi, which means “breasts of milk” and reya, which means “many”. These two words may refer to the various peaks of the Cambirela Massif and the clouds and waterfalls that are present on the hill.[4]

"Cambirela" also became the name of the municipality next to Cambirela Hill, Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, which was until then called just Santo Amaro, in 1941, when the town was elevated to a village and the government issued a decree to eliminate duplicate names in towns - there were Santo Amaros in other states. However, a plebiscite resulted in the selection of the current name, which was made official in 1948.[5]

Geology and vegetation

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The base of Cambirela Hill is made up of Granite Serra do Tabuleiro. Volcanic rocks overlying the Granite Serra do Tabuleiro, known as the Cambirela Plutono-Vulcanic Suite, indicate that the hill was formed from volcanic eruptions. Rocks derived from this volcanism, classified as acid pyroclastic rocks, are found at the top of the hill.[6] The Cambirela Plutono-Vulcanic Suite, dated at 524+-68 million years, concludes the age of the Cambirela Hill.[7]

The native vegetation is a remnant of the Atlantic Forest up to a certain altitude - around 800 m, after which there are grasses.[3]

Height, access, and trail

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Satellite photo of Santa Catarina Island and the surrounding region. The Cambirela Massif is located in the bottom left-hand corner of the image.

The Cambirela Massif can be seen from Florianópolis at various points in the city, especially from the southwestern shore of Santa Catarina Island. It can also be seen from São José, Biguaçu, Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, and Palhoça. There are trails that lead to the top, along which are found some watercourses with clear water, such as the Cambirela River, which flows down from the mountain, and features some waterfalls.[8] The walks take around three hours. Cases of people getting lost or needing rescue have been reported. They were rescued by the Fire Brigade, usually using a helicopter due to the difficulty of access.[9][10][11]

There are two accesses, both from the BR-101 highway. The first is just after the bridge over the Cubatão River, on Jacob Vilain Filho Street. The second access is on the side of the road, at Km 222. The highest point accessible by trail is 980 meters high, on the north side. Recent studies by the technical course in Surveying at the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina have updated the measured height of Cambirela Hill, which is 1052 meters high at its peak, which is to the south of the part accessible by the regular trail - previous measurements recorded it as 1043 meters, as recorded by the IBGE.[2] The first recorded climb of Cambirela Hill was in 1934 when the mountain was believed to be 1553 meters high. Until the 1980s, the trails were primarily used for exploratory and scientific purposes, and from then on trails with a recreational and environmental preservation purpose began to take place more frequently.[11]

View from the top of Cambirela Hill, looking to East.

Air crash of 1949

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Highest accessible top of Cambirela Hill, approximately 980 meters above sea level.

On the afternoon of June 6, 1949, Flight 2023 - a Douglas C-47 from Correio Aéreo Nacional (CAN), coming from Rio de Janeiro, had left Hercílio Luz Airport in Florianópolis at 4 p.m. bound for Porto Alegre, crashing into Cambirela Hill shortly after takeoff. All 26 occupants died. Preliminary investigations suggested that the cause of the crash was adverse weather conditions.[12][13][14][15]

Snow

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The formation of snow on Cambirela Hill has been recorded infrequently. Historically, snow visible from a distance has been recorded in 1942, 1984 and, the best known, in 2013. However, smaller precipitations, lasting a few minutes, may occur, but their frequency is unknown due to difficult access and limited recording.[16]

In 2013, it snowed during the night of the day 23 of July and the ice remained on the peaks of the Serra do Tabuleiro until the next day, a phenomenon reported by the media and some residents of Greater Florianópolis.[17][18]

Fire

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Fires that break out on the mountain have been reported, and it is difficult to fight them due to the difficult access.[19][20] The last major fire started on April 26, 2020, in the morning, at the top of the mountain. The fire department was called to extinguish the fire and sent a helicopter to try to extinguish the flames with water. There were around 30 people at the scene, who were rescued by the firefighters. By the evening, the fire had still not been brought under control and the flames were visible from a considerable distance. The dry weather and the wind helped spread the flames and the area burned was about the size of a soccer field.[21][22][23]

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Cambirela Hill, with the peak behind the clouds, seen from Florianópolis. The face of the legendary giant can be seen on the left.

One of the stories from Florianópolis' folklore, which tells of the origin of the Itaguaçu stones, also features the "Cambirela giant": in it, the witches organized a party on the beach, with all the folkloric characters invited, except for the devil due to the character's portrayal in the story. The devil appears at the party and turns the witches to stone. The giant, who had been following the party from afar, witnessed it and is said to have turned his sorrow into the sea, lying down never to rise again. It is possible to see the giant's head, nose, neck, torso, legs, and feet, formed by the peaks of nearby hills, from certain points in the city, with Cambirela Hill serving as a pillow, and the mountain itself sometimes being called a giant. This legend is very similar to that of the Pedra da Gávea Giant in Rio de Janeiro.[4][24]

"Vista da Baía Sul", painting by Victor Meirelles.

In the arts, Cambirela Hill has been depicted in several paintings over the years. Some of them include “Entrada Norte da Ilha de Santa Catarina”, by George Anson in 1740; “Vista da Baia Sul da Ilha de Santa Catarina cidade de Desterro”, by Charles Landseer in 1824; “Panorama de São José e Cambirela” by Debret in 1826; “Vista da Antiga cidade de Desterro”, by Joseph Bruggemann in 1868; and the “Vista Parcial da Cidade de Nossa Senhora do Desterro” and "Vista da Baía Sul" by Victor Meirelles in 1847.[11]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Aventura na Trilha do Morro do Cambirela" [Adventure on the Cambirela Hill Trail]. FloripaXperience. Archived from the original on 2018-02-14. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  2. ^ a b Redação ND (2019-11-19). "Equipe do IFSC descobre que Morro do Cambirela é maior do que se tinha registro" [IFSC team discovers that Morro do Cambirela is bigger than previously thought]. ndmais.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2023-07-29. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  3. ^ a b Schütz, Willian (2021-09-14). "O Cambirela é um vulcão? Especialistas comentam" [Is Cambirela a volcano? Experts comment]. Palavra Palhocense (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  4. ^ a b Campozani, Pablo (2023-05-08). "Morro do Cambirela e suas lendas" [Cambirela Hill and its legends]. Top Trip Adventure (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2024-11-24. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  5. ^ "Santo Amaro da Imperatriz - História" [Santo Amaro da Imperatriz - History]. Prefeitura de Santo Amaro da Imperatriz. Archived from the original on 2024-05-30. Retrieved 2024-11-23.
  6. ^ Tomazzoli, Edison Ramos; Pellerin, Joel Marcel (2015-12-23). "Unidades do mapa geológico da ilha de Santa Catarina: as rochas" [Geological map units of the Santa Catarina island: the rocks]. GEOSUL (in Portuguese). 30 (60): 225–247. doi:10.5007/2177-5230.2015v30n60p225.
  7. ^ Basei, Miguel Angelo Stipp (1985). O Cinturão Dom Feliciano em Santa Catarina [The Dom Feliciano Belt in Santa Catarina]. São Paulo: USP.
  8. ^ "Fotógrafo registra cachoeiras pelo Rio Cambirela, na Grande Florianópolis" [Photographer records waterfalls along the Cambirela River in Greater Florianópolis]. A Notícia. 2014-01-31. Archived from the original on 2018-02-14.
  9. ^ "Bombeiros usam helicóptero para resgatar família perdida em SC" [Firefighters use helicopter to rescue lost family in Santa Catarina]. G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2016-02-09. Archived from the original on 2023-07-29. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  10. ^ "Bombeiros passam a noite no Cambirela para cuidar de homem que sofreu traumatismo" [Firefighters spend the night in Cambirela to care for man who suffered trauma]. ND Mais (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2016-07-25. Archived from the original on 2023-07-29. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  11. ^ a b c Adriani, Silvio (2018-03-13). "Cambirela, Fragmentos de sua história" [Cambirela, Fragments of its history.]. AltaMontanha (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2024-05-25. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  12. ^ "Horrível desastre com um avião da FAB, anteontem, no planalto Cambirela" [Horrific disaster with a FAB plane the day before yesterday on the Cambirela plateau] (PDF). O Estado. 1949-06-08. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-05-15. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  13. ^ "Chocou-se com o..." [It collided with the...] (PDF). O Estado. 1949-06-09. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-05-19. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  14. ^ "The Hemisphere: Peak Disaster". TIME. 1949-06-20. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  15. ^ Schmitz, Paulo Clóvis (2019-06-06). "Tragédia de avião que caiu no Cambirela completa 70 anos nesta quinta-feira" [Cambirela plane crash tragedy turns 70 this Thursday]. ND Mais (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2023-04-29. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  16. ^ Bruning, Gustavo (2017-07-22). "Há quatro anos, a neve caía sobre o Morro do Cambirela, em Palhoça; relembre com fotos" [Four years ago, snow fell on Morro do Cambirela in Palhoça; remember with photos]. ND Mais (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2023-07-29. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  17. ^ Campos, Deny (2024-07-31). "Há 11 anos, neve caía no Morro do Cambirela; fenômeno pode voltar a ocorrer neste inverno?" [11 years ago, snow fell on Cambirela Hill; could it happen again this winter?]. ND Mais (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  18. ^ Mayer, Sofia (2023-07-23). "Após 10 anos da neve histórica na Grande Florianópolis, fenômeno pode ocorrer de novo?" [After 10 years of historic snow in Greater Florianópolis, can the phenomenon happen again?]. G1 (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2023-07-24. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  19. ^ "Incêndio atinge 3 mil m² de vegetação no alto do Morro do Cambirela" [Fire affects 3,000 m² of vegetation at the top of Morro do Cambirela]. G1. 2014-07-24. Archived from the original on 2023-07-30. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  20. ^ "Incêndio atinge Morro do Cambirela em Palhoça" [Fire hits Cambirela Hill in Palhoça]. NSC Total. 2010-07-04. Archived from the original on 2023-07-29. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  21. ^ "Incêndio atinge o Morro do Cambirela, em Palhoça" [Fire hits Cambirela Hill in Palhoça]. ND Mais. 2020-04-26. Archived from the original on 2023-07-29. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  22. ^ "Morro do Cambirela, em Palhoça, tem incêndio e resgates atendidos pelo CBMSC em 3 dias" [Cambirela Hill, in Palhoça, has a fire and rescues attended by CBMSC in 3 days]. CORPO DE BOMBEIROS MILITAR DE SANTA CATARINA. 2020-04-28. Archived from the original on 2020-06-12. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  23. ^ Simon, Guilherme (2020-04-27). "Bombeiros voltam a combater focos de incêndio no Morro do Cambirela, em Palhoça" [Firefighters return to fight outbreaks in Cambirela Hill, Palhoça]. NSC Total. Archived from the original on 2023-07-29. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
  24. ^ "Florianópolis: A Ilha repleta de lendas para turismo no Dia das Bruxas" [Florianópolis: The island full of legends for Halloween tourism]. Agência de Notícias SECOM (in Portuguese). 2023-10-31. Archived from the original on 2024-10-03. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
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