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East Orange, New Jersey
City
City of East Orange
East Orange Fire Headquarters
East Orange Fire Headquarters
Map of East Orange in Essex County. Inset: Location of Essex County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
Map of East Orange in Essex County. Inset: Location of Essex County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of East Orange, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of East Orange, New Jersey
Country United States
State New Jersey
CountyEssex
IncorporatedMarch 4, 1863
Government
[5]
 • TypeCity
 • BodyCity Council
 • MayorLester E. Taylor, III (term ends December 31, 2017)[1][2]
 • AdministratorMichele Ralph-Rawls.[3]
 • ClerkCynthia Brown[4]
Area
[6]
 • Total
3.924 sq mi (10.164 km2)
 • Land3.924 sq mi (10.164 km2)
 • Water0.000 sq mi (0.000 km2)  0.00%
 • Rank300th of 566 in state
10th of 22 in county[6]
Elevation
[7]
177 ft (54 m)
Population
 (2010 Census)[8][9][10][11]
 • Total
64,270
 • Estimate 
(2014)[12]
65,078
 • Rank20th of 566 in state
2nd of 22 in county[13]
 • Density16,377.1/sq mi (6,323.2/km2)
  • Rank12th of 566 in state
2nd of 22 in county[13]
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP codes
07017-07019[14][15]
Area code(s)973[16]
FIPS code3401319390[6][17][18]
GNIS feature ID0885200[6][19]
Websitewww.eastorange-nj.gov

East Orange is a city in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census the city's population was 64,270,[8][9][10] reflecting a decline of 5,554 (-8.0%) from the 69,824 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 3,728 (-5.1%) from the 73,552 counted in the 1990 Census.[21] The city was the state's 20th most-populous municipality in 2010, after having been the state's 14th most-populous municipality in 2000.[22]

East Orange was originally incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 4, 1863, from portions of Orange town, and was reincorporated as a city on December 9, 1899, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier.[23]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 3.924 square miles (10.164 km2), all of it land.[6][20]

East Orange shares borders with Newark to the east and south, South Orange to the southwest, Orange to the west, and Glen Ridge and Bloomfield to the north.[24][25]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Ampere and Brick Church.[26]

Neighborhoods

A reminder of East Orange's former wealth. The Ambrose-Ward Mansion was built in 1898 for a book manufacturer, now the home of the African-American Fund of New Jersey

East Orange is officially divided into five wards, but is also unofficially divided into a number of neighborhoods.

  • Ampere: Anchored by the now defunct train station of the same name, The Ampere section was developed on land owned by Orange Water Works, after the construction of the Crocker Wheeler Company plant spurred development in the area. The station was named in honor of André-Marie Ampère, a pioneer in electrodynamics and reconstructed as a new Renaissance Revival station in 1907 and 1908. Roughly bounded by Bloomfield to the North, Lawton Street & Newark to the east, 4th Avenue to the south, and North Grove Street to the West.
  • Greenwood (Teen Streets)[27]: So named after Greenwood avenue and the "teen" streets that run through it. It is often grouped together with Ampere. This area was severely disturbed by the construction of Interstate 280 and the Garden State Parkway. The Grove Street Station of the former DL & W Railroad was located here at Grove and Main Streets. Roughly bounded by 4th Avenue to the North, North 15th Street/Newark to the East, Eaton Place/NJ Transit Morris & Essex Lines, and North Grove Street to the West.
  • Presidential Estates: Recently designated due to the streets in this area being named after early presidents of the United States. There are many large houses situated on streets lined with very old, very large shade trees in this neighborhood that are characteristic of the northern section of the city. Roughly Bounded by Bloomfield to the North, Montclair-Boonton Line and North Grove Street to the East, Springdale Avenue to the South and the Garden State Parkway to the West.
  • Elmwood Located in the southeastern part of the city. Elmwood Park serves this section of the city, with 7 tennis courts on Rhode Island Avenue, a basketball court on the corner of Elmwood Avenue and Oak Street, a swimming pool with a pool house, a walking track, a baseball field, a softball field and a renovated field house.[28] The area holds one of the surviving Carnegie Libraries, the Elmwood Branch of the East Orange Public Library, opened in 1912.[29]
  • Doddtown (Franklin): Named after John Dodd who founded and surveyed the area of the "Watsessing Plain".[30] The former campus of Upsala College is located here, which has been turned into the new East Orange Campus High School on the east side of Prospect Street, and a new subdivision on the East side. Roughly bounded by Bloomfield to the North, the Garden State Parkway to the south, Park Avenue to the South and Orange to the west.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18704,315—
18808,34993.5%
189013,28259.1%
190021,50661.9%
191034,37159.8%
192050,71047.5%
193068,02034.1%
194068,9451.4%
195079,34015.1%
196077,259−2.6%
197075,471−2.3%
198077,8783.2%
199073,552−5.6%
200069,824−5.1%
201064,270−8.0%
2014 (est.)65,078[12][31]1.3%
Population sources:
1870–1920[32] 1870[33][34]
1870–1890[35] 1880–1890[36]
1890–1910[37] 1900–1930[38]
1930–1990[39] 2000[40][41] 2010[8][9][10][22]

2010 Census

Template:USCensusDemographics

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $40,358 (with a margin of error of +/- $1,873) and the median family income was $50,995 (+/- $2,877). Males had a median income of $38,642 (+/- $1,851) versus $39,843 (+/- $2,187) for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,298 (+/- $746). About 17.8% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.5% of those under age 18 and 16.4% of those age 65 or over.[42]

2000 Census

As of the 2000 United States Census[17] there were 69,824 people, 26,024 households, and 16,082 families residing in the city. The population density was 17,776.6 people per square mile (6,859.8/km2). There were 28,485 housing units at an average density of 7,252.0 per square mile (2,798.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 89.46% Black or African American, 3.84% White, 0.25% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 2.14% from other races, and 3.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.70% of the population.[40][41]

Public playgrounds in East Orange, 1908
A pre-WWII apartment on South Munn Avenue in East Orange.

There were 26,024 households out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.0% were married couples living together, 28.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.2% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.37.[40][41]

In the city the population was spread out with 28.1% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 81.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.7 males.[40][41]

The median income for a household in the city was $32,346, and the median income for a family was $38,562. Males had a median income of $31,905 versus $30,268 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,488. About 15.9% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.7% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those ages 65 or over.[40][41]

As part of the 2000 Census, 89.46% of East Orange's residents identified themselves as being Black or African American. This was one of the highest percentages of African American and Caribbean American people in the United States, and the second-highest in New Jersey (behind Lawnside, at 93.6%) of all places with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry. East Orange also has a large Haitian American community, with 2,852 persons claiming Haitian ancestry in the 2000 Census.[43]

Although still a small percentage of total residents, Orange and East Orange have the largest concentrations of Guyanese Americans in the country. In the 2000 Census, 2.5% of East Orange residents identified as being of Guyanese ancestry. While Queens and Brooklyn had larger populations in terms of raw numbers, Orange (with 2.9%) and East Orange had the highest percentage of people of Guyanese ancestry of all places in the United States with at least 1,000 people identifying their ancestry.[44]

Economy

Portions of East Orange are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone that was one of seven established by legislation in 1996. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3½% sales tax rate (versus the 7% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.[45]

Government

City Hall

East Orange is governed under the City form of New Jersey municipal government. The government consists of a mayor and a city council made up of ten members, two representing each of the city's five geographic political subdivisions called wards. The mayor is elected directly by the voters. The ten members of the city council are elected to four-year terms on a staggered basis, with one seat in each ward coming up for election every other year.[5][24]

The City Council performs the legislative functions of municipal government by enacting ordinances, resolutions or motions, and is responsible for review and adoption of the municipal budget that has been submitted by the mayor.[46]

As of 2015, the Mayor of East Orange is Lester E. Taylor, III, whose term of office ends December 31, 2017.[1] Members of the City Council are:[46][47][48]

  • 1st Ward: Christopher D. James (2017) and Andrea D. McPhatter (2015)[49]
  • 2nd Ward: Romal D. Bullock (2017) and Jacquelyn E. Johnson (2015)[50]
  • 3rd Ward: Ted R. Green (2017) and Quilla E. Talmadge (2015)[51]
  • 4th Ward: Tyshammie L. Cooper (2017) and Sharon Fields (2015)[52]
  • 5th Ward: Alicia Holman (2017) and Lonnie Hughes (2015)[53]

The first African-American Mayor of East Orange, New Jersey was William S. Hart, Sr., who was elected to two consecutive terms, serving in office from 1970 to 1978.[54] Hart Middle School was named after him.

Federal, state and county representation

Post Office

East Orange is located in the 10th Congressional District[55] and is part of New Jersey's 34th state legislative district.[9][56][57]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 10th congressional district is represented by LaMonica McIver (D, Newark).[58] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[59] and George Helmy (Mountain Lakes, term ends 2024).[60][61]

For the 2024-2025 session, the 34th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Britnee Timberlake (D, East Orange) and in the General Assembly by Carmen Morales (D, Belleville) and Michael Venezia (D, Bloomfield).[62] Template:NJ Governor

Essex County is governed by a directly elected county executive, with legislative functions performed by the Board of County Commissioners. As of 2024, the County Executive is Joseph N. DiVincenzo Jr. (D, Roseland), whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026.[63] The county's Board of County Commissioners is composed of nine members, five of whom are elected from districts and four of whom are elected on an at-large basis. They are elected for three-year concurrent terms and may be re-elected to successive terms at the annual election in November.[64] Essex County's Commissioners are:

Robert Mercado (D, District 1 – Newark's North and East Wards, parts of Central and West Wards; Newark, 2026),[65] A'Dorian Murray-Thomas (D, District 2 – Irvington, Maplewood and parts of Newark's South and West Wards; Newark, 2026),[66] Vice President Tyshammie L. Cooper (D, District 3 - Newark: West and Central Wards; East Orange, Orange and South Orange; East Orange, 2026),[67] Leonard M. Luciano (D, District 4 – Caldwell, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Fairfield, Livingston, Millburn, North Caldwell, Roseland, Verona, West Caldwell and West Orange; West Caldwell, 2026),[68] President Carlos M. Pomares (D, District 5 – Belleville, Bloomfield, Glen Ridge, Montclair and Nutley; Bloomfield, 2026),[69] Brendan W. Gill (D, at large; Montclair, 2026),[70] Romaine Graham (D, at large; Irvington, 2026),[71] Wayne Richardson (D, at large; Newark, 2026),[72] Patricia Sebold (D, at-large; Livingston, 2026).[73][74][75][76][77]

Constitutional officers elected countywide are: Clerk Christopher J. Durkin (D, West Caldwell, 2025),[78][79] Register of Deeds Juan M. Rivera Jr. (D, Newark, 2025),[80][81] Sheriff Armando B. Fontoura (D, Fairfield, 2024),[82][83] and Surrogate Alturrick Kenney (D, Newark, 2028).[84][85]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 36,280 registered voters in East Orange, of which 21,646 (59.7%) were registered as Democrats, 396 (1.1%) were registered as Republicans and 14,228 (39.2%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 10 voters registered to other parties.[86]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 98.5% of the vote (24,862 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1.3% (330 votes), and other candidates with 0.2% (46 votes), among the 25,375 ballots cast by the city's 39,668 registered voters (137 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 64.0%.[87][88] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 97.7% of the vote (24,718 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 1.6% (408 votes) and other candidates with 0.1% (35 votes), among the 25,304 ballots cast by the city's 36,891 registered voters, for a turnout of 68.6%.[89] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 93.2% of the vote (19,447 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 5.9% (1,225 votes) and other candidates with 0.4% (128 votes), among the 20,856 ballots cast by the city's 33,328 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 62.6.[90]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 88.0% of the vote (9,413 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 11.3% (1,212 votes), and other candidates with 0.7% (75 votes), among the 11,269 ballots cast by the city's 41,016 registered voters (569 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 27.5%.[91][92] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 94.4% of the vote (12,554 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 2.9% (380 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 1.2% (153 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (63 votes), among the 13,295 ballots cast by the city's 36,157 registered voters, yielding a 36.8% turnout.[93]

Education

East Orange School District operates the public schools of East Orange. The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide,[94] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[95][96]

As of the 2011-12 school year, the district's 20 schools had an enrollment of 9,709 students and 867.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.20:1.[97] Schools in the district (with 2011-12 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[98]) are Althea Gibson Early Childhood Academy[99] (171 students; in grades PreK and K), Wahlstrom Early Childhood Center[100] (167; PreK-K), Benjamin Banneker Academy[101] (491; PreK-5), Edward T. Bowser, Sr. School of Excellence[102] (719; PreK-5), George Washington Carver Institute of Science and Technology[103] (417; PreK-5), Johnnie L. Cochran, Jr. Academy[104] (254; K-5), Mildred Barry Garvin School[105] (350; PreK-5), Whitney E. Houston Academy of Creative & Performing Arts[106] (436; PreK-8), Langston Hughes Elementary School[107] (562; PreK-5), J. Garfield Jackson, Sr. Academy[108] (288; K-5), Ecole Touissant Louverture[109] (309 ; PreK-5), Gordon Parks Academy School of Radio, Animation, Film and Television[110] (313; PreK-5), Cicely L. Tyson Community Elementary School[111] (509 ; PreK-5), Dionne Warwick Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship[112] (453; PreK-5), Patrick F. Healy Middle School[113] (420; 6), John L. Costley Middle School[114] (453; 7), Sojourner Truth Middle School[115] (459; 8), Cicely Tyson School of Performing and Fine Arts[116] (863 ; 6-12), East Orange Campus High School[117] located on the former campus of Upsala College (1,876; 9-12), East Orange STEM Academy[118] (199; 9-12), Fresh Start Academy Middle School - Glenwood Campus[119] (6-8) and Fresh Start Academy High - Edmonson Alternative[120] (9-12).[121][122][123]

East Orange Community Charter School is a public charter school that operates independently of the school district under a charter granted by the New Jersey Department of Education.[124]

The East Orange Public Library at one time included three of the original 36 Carnegie-funded libraries in New Jersey.[125] It has a collection of 344,000 volumes and circulates about 319,000 items annually.[126] from four locations.

Ahlus Sunnah School is a K-12 madrasah that has been in East Orange since 2005.[127]

Transportation

Roads and highways

East Orange lies at the intersection of the Garden State Parkway and Interstate 280.

The Garden State Parkway passes through the city, connecting Newark in the south to Bloomfield in the north.[128] The Parkway is accessible at Interchange 145 for Interstate 280 and at Interchange 147 for Springfield Avenue.[129]

As of May 2010, the city had a total of 83.43 miles (134.27 km) of roadways, of which 73.27 miles (117.92 km) were maintained by the municipality, 6.30 miles (10.14 km) by Essex County and 1.52 miles (2.45 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 2.34 miles (3.77 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.[130]

Public transportation

Local transportation around the city and into neighboring communities is provided by ONE Bus bus routes 24 & 44 and multiple New Jersey Transit public bus lines, which includes routes 5, 21, 34, 41, 71, 73, 79, 90, 92, 94, and 97.[131]

New Jersey Transit also runs two commuter rail train stations in East Orange, both located along the Morris & Essex Lines.[132] The East Orange Station is found beside the westbound lanes of Interstate 280, directly across its parking lot from East Orange City Hall.[133] Just one mile west up Main Street is Brick Church Station, the city's second rail stop and the more heavily used of the two.[134] Both have seven-day service to Hoboken Terminal as well as Midtown Direct service to New York Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan.

The city is 7.8 miles (12.6 km) from Newark Liberty International Airport in the nearby cities of Newark and Elizabeth.

Sister city

East Orange is a sister city of:

Country City County/District/Province/Region/State Date
 Kenya Nakuru Nakuru County unknown [135]

Notable people

See also: Category:People from East Orange, New Jersey

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with East Orange include:

References

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  2. ^ 2015 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, as of October 20, 2015. Accessed November 10, 2015.
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  4. ^ City Clerk, City of East Orange. Accessed September 19, 2012.
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  44. ^ Guyanese Communities, EPodunk. Accessed August 21, 2006.
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  59. ^ U.S. Sen. Cory Booker cruises past Republican challenger Rik Mehta in New Jersey, PhillyVoice. Accessed April 30, 2021. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
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  64. ^ General Information, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020. "The County Executive, elected from the County at-large, for a four-year term, is the chief political and administrative officer of the County.... The Board of Chosen Freeholders consists of nine members, five of whom are elected from districts and four of whom are elected at-large. They are elected for three-year concurrent terms and may be re-elected to successive terms at the annual election in November. There is no limit to the number of terms they may serve."
  65. ^ Robert Mercado, Commissioner, District 1, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
  66. ^ Wayne L. Richardson, Commissioner President, District 2, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 20, 2020.
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  145. ^ Shanker, Thom. "Adm. William J. Fallon: An Experienced Naval Officer, and a Diplomat", The New York Times, January 8, 2007. Accessed December 10, 2007. "William Joseph Fallon was born Dec. 30, 1944, in East Orange, N.J., and raised in Merchantville."
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  147. ^ "FLIGHT LEADER DIES IN FLAMING CRASH; Major Geiger, Commander of Aberdeen (Md.) Field, Is Burned to Death. FAILS IN DESPERATE JUMP Accident Occurs at Olmstead Field, Pa. – Was a Native of East Orange, N.J.", The New York Times, May 18, 1927. Accessed July 14, 2008.
  148. ^ Magee, Jerry. Tennis pioneer Althea Gibson dies at 76: U.S., Wimbledon champ paved the way for blacks", The San Diego Union-Tribune, September 29, 2003. Accessed January 23, 2011. "No player of either gender in any sport arguably overcame more in becoming a champion than Gibson, who died yesterday in East Orange, N.J., where she was a semi-recluse."
  149. ^ AFC honors go to three first-time winners, NFL.com, December 6, 2006. "The East Orange, N.J., native directed the club on two drives of more than 90 yards, both resulting in touchdowns."
  150. ^ Mickle, Paul. "Opening arguments begin in Tate George fraud trial", New Haven Register, September 10, 2013. Accessed June 3, 2015. "After opening arguments Tuesday morning before U.S. District Court Judge Mary L. Cooper, Knight took the stand and told federal prosecutor Joseph Shumofsky he and George grew up in the same East Orange neighborhood."
  151. ^ 'Illinois Blue Book 1981-1982,' Biographical Sketch of Mary Jeanne "Molly" Hallstrom, p. 70.
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  153. ^ The State of Jazz: Meet 40 More Jersey Greats, The Star-Ledger, September 28, 2004.
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  185. ^ Staff. "Mystery Plot: Whodunit in Newark?", The New York Times, August 26, 1994. Accessed February 6, 2012. "Ms. Wilson Wesley grew up in Ashford, Conn., and now lives in Montclair, N.J., with her husband and two daughters. But she lived in nearby East Orange in the early 1970s, and Tamara's yellow-and-green Cape Cod is modeled on her old house."
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Further reading

  • Hart, William. East Orange. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2006.
  • Stuart, Mark A. A Centennial History of East Orange. East Orange, NJ: East Orange Centennial Committee, 1964.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to East Orange, New Jersey.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "East Orange".
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for East Orange.
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