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Economic Reconstruction Union

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Economic Reconstruction Union
LeaderAlfred Loritz
Founded1945
Dissolved1953
IdeologyRight-wing populism

The Economic Reconstruction Union (Wirtschaftliche Aufbau-Vereinigung or WAV) was a German political party that was active immediately after the Second World War. Although usually translated into English as the Economic Reconstruction Union[1][2][3] it is also sometimes known as the Union for Economic Reconstruction,[4][5] the Economic Reconstruction Association,[6][7] or the Economic Reconstruction Party.[8]

Formation

The WAV, which existed only in Bavaria, was established in 1945 by the Munich lawyer Alfred Loritz.[4] It was officially licensed as a political party by the occupation forces on 8 December 1945.[9] The party programmes was populist and was in some ways simply a support for its demagogic leader as it had a very limited policy base beyond support for federalism.[4] Due to its anti-liberal stance the group has been characterised as radical right wing populist party by Betz and Immerfall.[10] Like the later All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights the WAV's main support base was amongst internal expellees and it had little support amongst native Bavarians.[4] It also sought to reach out to demobilised soldiers and small time former Nazi Party officials with only perfunctory connections to ideological Nazism who saw themselves as the victims of denazification plans.[11]

Into the Bundestag

The party secured representation in the Landtag of Bavaria in 1946.[6] However the WAV went into decline as its lack of coherent policy and disaffection with Loritz's heavy-handed style of leadership led to around half of the party's local branches having been disbanded by 1948.[4] In the 1948 local elections the demoralised party gained only 1.7% of the vote.[12] Nevertheless the party contested the Bavarian seats in the West German federal election, 1949 and captured 14.4% of the vote to win twelve seats.[4] As a part of an agreement Loritz signed with the Passau-based refugee organisation the New Citizens Alliance half of the party's candidates were refugees and as a result they gained widespread support in those constituencies with the highest number of refugees.[2] This group, led by the radical nationalist Gunther Goetzendorff, had been barred by the American authorities from participating in the 1949 election and so worked with the WAV for convenience.[12] The combined group, under the WAV banner, was a "radical nationalist party".[13]

Decline

The 1949 election represented the high-water mark of the WAV, which went into steep decline thereafter. Their vote collapsed in the 1950 election to the Landtag of Bavaria, with the 2.8% vote share obtained falling some distance short of the 5% required to enter the Assembly.[4] By that October the party within the Bundestag began to disintegrate when four of its members left to form a new group for refugees associated with the Centre Party.[14] In December 1951 a further group of six deputies left to join the German Party and when another joined the Deutsche Reichspartei soon afterwards it left Loritz as the WAV's sole deputy.[14] Worse was to come in 1952 when the party contested the municipal elections and captured only 0.3% of the vote.[15]

No WAV candidates were put forward for the 1953 federal election and the party was not heard of again.[14]

References

  1. ^ Gilad Margalit, Guilt, Suffering, and Memory: Germany Remembers Its Dead of World War II, Indiana University Press, 2010, p. XI
  2. ^ a b Frank Biess, Mark Roseman, Hanna Schissler, Conflict, Catastrophe and Continuity: Essays on Modern German History, Berghahn Books, 2007, p. 227
  3. ^ David F. Patton, Out of the East: From PDS to Left Party in Unified Germany, SUNY Press, 2011, p. 17
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Alfred Grosser, Germany in Our Time, Penguin Books, 1971, p. 252
  5. ^ Noel D. Cary, The Path to Christian Democracy: German Catholics and the Party System from Windthorst to Adenauer, Harvard University Press, 1998, p. 288
  6. ^ a b Margalit, Guilt, Suffering, and Memory, p. 189
  7. ^ Jose Raymund Canoy, The Discreet Charm of the Police State: The Landpolizei and the Transformation of Bavaria, 1945-1965, BRILL, 2007, p. 65
  8. ^ Mark S. Milosch, Modernizing Bavaria: The Politics of Franz Josef Strauss and the CSU, 1949-1969, Berghahn Books, 2006, p. xiv
  9. ^ Rebecca Boehling, A Question of Priorities: Democratic Reform and Economic Recovery in Postwar Germany, Berghahn Books, 1998, p. 195
  10. ^ Hans-Georg Betz, Stefan Immerfall, The New Politics of the Right: Neo-Populist Parties and Movements in Established Democracies, Palgrave Macmillan, 1998, p. 95
  11. ^ Ian Connor, Refugees and Expellees in Post-War Germany, Manchester University Press, 2007, p. 126
  12. ^ a b Connor, Refugees and Expellees, p. 127
  13. ^ Connor, Refugees and Expellees, p. 128
  14. ^ a b c Grosser, Germany in Our Time, p. 253
  15. ^ Grosser, Germany in Our Time, pp. 252-253
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