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Electoral history of Kamala Harris

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A headshot of Kamala Harris
Official portrait, 2017

Kamala Harris, the 49th vice president of the United States (2021–2025), is a member of the Democratic Party, one of two major parties in the United States.[1][2] She has run for public office seven times. Harris served as the 27th district attorney of San Francisco (2004–2011), the 32nd attorney general of California (2011–2017), and as a United States senator from California (2017–2021),

In 2003, Harris began her political career by challenging Terence Hallinan, the incumbent district attorney of San Francisco, and defeating him in a runoff election. In 2007, she won a second term unopposed. In 2010, she won a highly competitive Democratic primary for the party's nomination in the 2010 California Attorney General election. She defeated Republican nominee Steve Cooley in the general election. She was reelected in 2014 by defeating challenger Ronald Gold.

Harris was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, but withdrew her candidacy on December 3, 2019, citing a lack of funds. On March 8, 2020, Harris endorsed former Vice President Joe Biden. On August 11, she was chosen by Biden to be his running mate.[3] Biden and Harris went on to win the 2020 general election defeating Republican incumbents Donald Trump and Mike Pence. On January 20, 2021, Harris became the first female vice president and the highest-ranking female official in United States history, as well as the first African-American and Asian-American vice president.[4] In 2024, she and Biden ran for reelection. Following Biden's withdrawal from the race,[5] Harris became the Democratic Party presidential nominee, running in the 2024 election alongside Vice-Presidential nominee Minnesota Governor Tim Walz. They lost the general election to Trump and Ohio Senator JD Vance.

San Francisco District Attorney elections (2003–2007)

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2003

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In 2003, Harris challenged Terence Hallinan, the two-term incumbent District Attorney of San Francisco.[6] Harris finished second to Hallinan, but did received more votes than Bill Fazio, who had run in 1995 and 1999. However, since no candidate received a majority, Harris and Hallinan advanced to a run-off election.[7][8] She criticized Hallinan's relatively weak conviction rate, while he noted that Harris exceeded the voluntary spending cap she had promised to stay under. Harris defeated Hallinan by a large margin, outperforming Gavin Newsom in the concurrent mayoral election.[8]

2003 San Francisco District Attorney election[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Nonpartisan Terence Hallinan (incumbent) 70,580 35.9
Nonpartisan Kamala Harris 66,248 33.7
Nonpartisan Bill Fazio 59,834 30.4
Total votes 196,662 100.0
2003 San Francisco District Attorney runoff election[9]
Party Candidate Votes %
Nonpartisan Kamala Harris 137,111 56.5
Nonpartisan Terence Hallinan (incumbent) 105,617 43.5
Total votes 242,728 100.0

2007

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Harris ran for reelection in 2007. She was unopposed and won the election with just over 98 percent of the vote.[10][11] It was the first time since 1991 that the incumbent district attorney ran unopposed in San Francisco.[12]

2007 San Francisco District Attorney election[13]
Party Candidate Votes %
Nonpartisan Kamala Harris (incumbent) 114,561 98.5
Write-in 1,744 1.5
Total votes 116,305 100.0

California Attorney General elections (2010–2014)

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2010

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In 2010, Harris ran to replace Jerry Brown, who was retiring to run for governor,[14] as the Attorney General of California.[15] She won a highly competitive Democratic primary with around 30 percent of the vote.[16][17] Harris received the endorsement of the Los Angeles Times and Los Angeles mayor Antonio Villaraigosa.[18][19] All six major candidates participated in a debate at the Milken Institute in Santa Monica, California.[20]

2010 California Attorney General Democratic primary election[17]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Kamala Harris 762,995 33.6
Democratic Alberto Torrico 354,792 15.6
Democratic Chris Kelly 350,757 15.5
Democratic Ted Lieu 237,618 10.5
Democratic Pedro Nava 222,941 9.7
Democratic Rocky Delgadillo 219,494 9.6
Democratic Mike Schmier 127,291 5.5
Total votes 2,275,888 100.0
County results map of the 2010 California Attorney General election.[21]

In the general election, Harris faced Republican Steve Cooley, the Los Angeles County District Attorney.[21][22] Early in the race, Harris trailed Cooley in polls. The two debated at the UC Davis School of Law in Davis, California.[23] During the debate, Cooley gave a controversial answer to a question about his pension; he stated that if he won, he would accept a pension for both his role as LA County District Attorney and as California Attorney General, receiving over 400 thousand dollars of taxpayer money. The New York Times dubbed the answer "the 47 seconds that saved Kamala Harris’s political career".[24] In 2024, during Harris' 2024 presidential campaign, Cooley, while being interviewed by ABC News, criticized her debating skill, saying "She needs her teleprompter. She needs her notes that are probably written by someone else in order to do well."[25]

On election day, Cooley held a narrow lead and claimed he won the election. However, after all votes were counted, the race was called in favor of Harris by a margin of less than one percent.[25] The race was one of the closest statewide elections in the history of California.[22] She became the first woman to serve in the role,[16] a feat she would later repeat with her election to the vice presidency.[26]

2010 California Attorney General election[21]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Kamala Harris 4,442,781 46.1
Republican Steve Cooley 4,368,624 45.3
Green Peter Allen 258,879 2.7
Libertarian Timothy J. Hannan 246,583 2.6
American Independent Diane Beall Templin 169,993 1.8
Peace and Freedom Robert J. Evans 160,416 1.7
Total votes 9,647,276 100.0%
Democratic hold

2014

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Following the passage of Proposition 14 in 2010, California began using nonpartisan blanket primaries, where the top two candidates would advance to the general election for most non-presidential elections, including Attorney General.[27] In early February 2014, Harris announced she would run for a second term as Attorney General.[28] Harris and Republican Ronald Gold received the most votes in the primary and advanced to the general election.[29]

2014 California Attorney General primary election[29]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Kamala Harris (incumbent) 2,177,480 53.2
Republican Ronald Gold 504,091 12.3
Republican Phil Wyman 479,468 11.7
Republican David King 368,190 9.0
Republican John Haggerty 336,433 8.2
No party preference Orly Taitz 130,451 3.2
Libertarian Jonathan Jaech 99,056 2.4
Total votes 4,095,169 100.0
Map of county results from the 2014 California Attorney General election.[30]

In the campaign finance reports released at the end of July 2014, Harris reported millions of dollars in campaign funds, while Gold had raised less than $20,000 and was in debt.[31] Donors to Harris's reelection bid included then-businessman and future political opponent Donald Trump.[32] In the general election, Harris defeated Gold by fifteen percent and over a million votes.[30]

2014 California Attorney General election[30]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Kamala Harris (incumbent) 4,102,649 57.5
Republican Ronald Gold 3,033,476 42.5
Total votes 7,136,125 100.0%
Democratic hold

United States Senate election (2016)

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Primary

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On January 5, 2015, incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer announced she would not be seeking a fifth term in the Senate.[33] On January 13, Harris announced she planned to run to replace her.[34] In the primary election, Harris, who received just over 3 million votes,[35] and Representative Loretta Sanchez of California's 46th congressional district (1.4 million votes) advanced to the general election.[36]

2016 United States Senate primary election in California[35]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Kamala Harris 3,000,689 39.9
Democratic Loretta Sanchez 1,416,203 18.9
Republican Duf Sundheim 584,251 7.8
Republican Phil Wyman 352,821 4.7
Republican Tom Del Beccaro 323,614 4.3
Republican Greg Conlon 230,944 3.1
Democratic Steve Stokes 168,805 2.2
Republican George C. Yang 112,055 1.5
Republican Karen Roseberry 110,557 1.5
Libertarian Gail K. Lightfoot 99,761 1.3
Democratic Massie Munroe 98,150 1.3
Green Pamela Elizondo 95,677 1.3
Republican Tom Palzer 93,263 1.2
Republican Ron Unz 92,325 1.2
N/A Other 733,207 9.76
Total votes 7,512,322 100.0%

General election

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Map of county results from the 2016 California United States Senate election.[37]

Harris and Sanchez participated in a debate at University of California, Los Angeles.[36] The election was not particularly competitive, with Politico's Will Kane characterized the race as one of the "least-exciting races in California history", and calling a poor implementation of the jungle primary system due to Sanchez and Harris holding similar positions.[38] On election day, Harris defeated Sanchez by 2.8 million votes and a margin of 23 percent.[39]

2016 United States Senate election in California
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Kamala Harris 7,542,753 61.6%
Democratic Loretta Sanchez 4,701,417 38.4%
Total votes 12,244,170 100.0%
Democratic hold

Presidential elections (2020–2024)

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2020

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Democratic primary

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In January 2019, Harris announced her presidential bid; she was one of the first Democrats to launch a campaign.[40] A total of 29 major candidates entered the primaries; the largest field of presidential candidates for any American political party since 1972.[41] On December 3, Harris dropped out of the race, citing a lack of funding.[1][42] Despite dropping out, she still appeared on the primary ballot in New Hampshire, where she received 129 votes, and Arkansas, where she received 715 votes, receiving a total of 844 votes.[43][44] On March 8, 2020, Harris endorsed former Vice President Joe Biden's presidential bid.[45]

Nomination

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During the Democratic primary, Biden pledged to select a woman to be his running mate.[46] After his victory, Harris, fellow Senators and 2020 Democratic presidential candidates Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota and Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, and activist Stacey Abrams were seen as the most likely candidates,[47][48] with Harris and Warren as the favorites.[49] On August 11, 2020, Biden announced he had selected Harris as his running mate.[50] She became the third woman, after Geraldine Ferraro in 1984 and Sarah Palin in 2008, and the first person of color to be a major party vice-presidential nominee.[51]

General election

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Electoral college map of the 2020 election[52]
Main article: Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign

In the general election, Biden and Harris faced Republican incumbents Donald Trump and Mike Pence. On October 7, Harris and Pence participated in a debate at the University of Utah.[53][54] Multiple moments from the debate became internet memes, including a fly landing on Pence's head and Harris' response to being interrupted, "Mr. Vice President, I'm speaking".[54][55] On election day, the Biden-Harris ticket defeated the Trump-Pence ticket with 306 electoral votes.[56][57] They were the first Democrats to carry the states of Arizona and Georgia since the Clinton-Gore ticket in the 1990s.[58][59] Biden received more than 81 million votes, the most ever cast for a candidate in the United States.[57] Harris became the 49th vice president of the United States: the first woman to serve in the role.[60]

2020 United States presidential election[61]
CandidateRunning matePartyPopular voteElectoral vote
Votes%Votes%
Joe BidenKamala HarrisDemocratic81,268,92451.3130656.88
Donald Trump (incumbent)Mike Pence (incumbent)Republican74,216,15446.8623243.12
Jo JorgensenSpike CohenLibertarian1,865,7241.1800.00
Howie HawkinsAngela Nicole WalkerGreen405,0350.2600.00
Others628,5840.4000.00
Total158,384,421100.00538100.00

2024

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See also: Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign

Nomination

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On April 25, 2023, Biden announced that both he and Harris would be seeking a second term in the 2024 United States presidential election.[62] Biden easily won the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries with minimal opposition.[63] However, following his performance in the first 2024 presidential debate, various prominent Democrats, including then-Senate majority leader Chuck Schumer and former Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, called for Biden to exit the race.[64][65] On July 21, 2024, Biden withdrew from the race and immediately endorsed Harris to replace him as the party's presidential nominee.[66][67]

Harris considered various politicians to be her running mate, with the most widely reported candidates being Governors Andy Beshear of Kentucky, Roy Cooper of North Carolina, Josh Shapiro of Pennsylvania, and Tim Walz of Minnesota, as well as Senator Mark Kelly of Arizona.[68][69] Illinois Governor JB Pritzker and Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg also received media attention as possible options.[69][70] In her book, 107 Days, Harris revealed she heavily considered Buttigieg. However, she opted against him due to his sexuality.[71] In early August, Harris became the party's presumptive nominee.[72] On August 6, at a rally in Pennsylvania, Harris revealed Walz as her running mate.[73] Harris and Walz were formally nominated at the 2024 Democratic National Convention on August 21 and 22, respectively.[74][75]

General election

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Electoral college map of the 2024 election[76]

In the general election, Harris and Walz faced the Republican ticket of Trump and Ohio Senator JD Vance.[77] On September 10, 2024, Harris and Trump participated in a debate in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the National Constitution Center.[78] On election day, Harris lost all seven swing states and performed poorly in several traditionally Democratic states;[79][80] Trump improved on his 2020 margin in all fifty states and Washington, D.C.[81]

2024 United States presidential election[82]
CandidateRunning matePartyPopular voteElectoral vote
Votes%Votes%
Donald TrumpJD VanceRepublican77,304,29649.7031257.99
Kamala HarrisTim WalzDemocratic75,019,68248.2322642.01
Jill SteinButch WareGreen881,9090.5700.00
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.Nicole ShanahanIndependent757,3690.4900.00
Chase OliverMichael ter MaatLibertarian650,1390.4200.00
Write-ins480,4310.3100.00
Others459,0160.3000.00
Total155,552,842100.00538100.00

References

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