Emily Wheelock Reed
Emily Wheelock Reed | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1910 |
| Died | May 19, 2000 (aged 90) |
| Alma mater | University of Michigan |
| Occupation | Librarian |
| Known for | Civil Rights Activist in Alabama |
Emily Wheelock Reed (1910 – May 19, 2000) was a librarian and civil rights activist. Reed is best known for her work as director of the Alabama Public Library Service Division in Alabama during the Civil Rights Movement, at which time she defended the 1958 Garth Williams children's book, The Rabbits' Wedding.
Early Life, Education, and Career
Emily Wheelock Reed was born in Asheville, North Carolina in 1910. A year following her birth, her family moved to the Midwest, where she was raised and educated in Indiana. She received her undergraduate degree from Indiana University, where she was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. She completed her library degree at University of Michigan.[1]
Over the span of her career, Reed worked in various librarian capacities for numerous public and academic libraries including the University of Michigan, Florida State University, the Detroit Public Library, Hawaii State Public Library System in Kauai County, the State Library of Louisiana, Alabama Public Library Service Division, the District of Columbia Public Library System, and the Enoch Pratt Free Library in Baltimore.[1][2]
The Rabbits' Wedding Controversy
In 1957, Reed was appointed Director of the Alabama Public Library Service Division. In this role, she made budget requests to the legislature, and was responsible for selections and purchases of library materials across the state. Soon after she assumed the position, Reed found herself at odds with state politicians.
In 1959, segregationist Alabama citizens and legislators, led by Senator E.O. Eddins and the White Citizens' Council, started intense attack efforts against the 1958 Garth Williams children's book, The Rabbits' Wedding. The illustrated picture book, aimed towards children aged 3 to 7, depicted animals in a moonlit forest attending the wedding of a white rabbit to a black rabbit.[3] Due to this content, the book was accused of promoting racial integration and interracial marriage, and demands were made to ban it from public library shelves.[2] Eddins went so far as to suggest that "this book and many others should be taken off the shelves and burned".[1][4]
Reed reviewed the book and, finding no objectionable content, determined it was her ethical duty to defend the book against an outright ban.[1] Reed did not personally see the book as controversial and had not sought conflict by its inclusion in the library collections. If it was to be seen as pro-integration, however, Reed argued that it was the library agency's responsibility to provide balanced information regarding racial integration. Rather than remove the book from all library agency collections, Reed made the concession to have it placed on special reserve shelves where it would remain available to the interested public. Libraries with their own copies, not provided by the library agency, were not affected and could keep the book on the shelves.[5] Eddins was not pleased with this course of action and continued to challenge Reed, going so far as to threatening to stop approval of her budget, bringing her before the Alabama legislature for questioning, and demanding her resignation. Rather than give in to threats and intimidation, Reed held her ground and the book remained in Alabama libraries.[2] Later in that same year, she again angered segregationists when she distributed a reading list including other controversial titles such as Martin Luther King, Jr.'s book, Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story.[6]
Later life and Recognition
In 1960, Reed left Alabama to become coordinator of adult services for the District of Columbia Library System. Six years later, she became director of adult services at the Enoch Pratt Free Library in Baltimore, Maryland, a position she held until her retirement in 1977.[3]
Reed died on May 19, 2000 at her retirement community in Cockeysville, Maryland.[3]
During the time of The Rabbits' Wedding controversy, the American Library Association remained silent on the issue and provided Reed no immediate assistance.[2] Over time, however, the American Library Association has become much more outspoken and firmly committed to protecting intellectual freedom. To this end, Reed was awarded with the Freedom to Read Foundation Roll of Honor award in July 2000.[7]
The story of The Rabbits' Wedding controversy was given dramatic treatment in a new play by Kenneth Jones,[8] entitled "Alabama Story." The play was given its first major reading in May 2013 as part of the Southern Writers' Project at Alabama Shakespeare Festival.[9] Following further readings in Salt Lake City and New York City, "Alabama Story" received its World Premiere at Pioneer Theatre Company, January 9–24, 2015, earning enthusiastic reviews.[10] Garth Williams, Emily Reed and Senator E.W. Higgins (inspired by Senator E.O. Eddins) are major characters in the six-actor play,[11] which the playwright sets in "the Deep South of the Imagination." The play was a finalist in the 2014 National Playwrights Conference of the Eugene O'Neill Theatre Center.[12] Its second American staging will be produced in Spring 2016 by Florida Studio Theatre in Sarasota, FL. FST artistic director Richard Hopkins called it "probably the best Southern play I’ve read in 10 or 20 years.” [13]
References
- ^ a b c d Graham, P. (2002). A right to read : segregation and civil rights in Alabama's public libraries, 1900–1965 (pp. 102-112. Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press, 2002.
- ^ a b c d Selby, M. (2012). Librarians as leaders. Feliciter, 58 (5), 37.
- ^ a b c Emily W. Reed [Obituary]. (2000, May 29). The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/29/us/emily-w-reed-89-librarian-in-59-alabama-racial-dispute.html
- ^ Sollors, Werner (2002). "Can Rabbits Have Interracial Sex?". In Kaup, M.; Rosenthal, D. (eds.). Mixing Race, Mixing Culture: Inter-American Literary Dialogues. University of Texas Press. pp. 3–22.
- ^ Sollors, W. (1996). Neither black nor white yet both : thematic explorations of interracial literature (pp. 21). New York : Oxford University Press.
- ^ Emily W. Reed [Obituary]. (2000, June 5). The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://articles.latimes.com/2000/jun/05/local/me-37597
- ^ Freedom to Read Foundation. (2013.) Emily Wheelock Reed. Freedom to Read Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.ftrf.org/members/?id=15163788
- ^ http://www.bykennethjones.com
- ^ Tran, D. (2013). Song (and story) of the South. American Theatre, July/August 2013, 52-54.
- ^ Bannon, Barbara M. (2015). ‘Alabama Story’ premiere dramatically depicts divisive, unifying impact of storytelling. The Salt Lake Tribune, Jan. 13, 2015. http://www.sltrib.com/entertainment/2049881-155/theater-review-utah-companys-alabama-story
- ^ Tran, D. (2015). Kenneth Jones Tells an ‘Alabama Story’ of Race and Censorship, AmericanTheatre.org, Jan. 16, 2015. http://www.americantheatre.org/2015/01/16/kenneth-jones-tells-an-alabama-story-of-race-and-censorship/
- ^ http://www.bykennethjones.com/alabama-story-new-play-books-race-censorship-american-character/
- ^ Handelman, Jay (2015). New plays in focus in Florida Studio Theatre season, Sarasota Herald Tribune, Sept. 18, 2015. http://www.ticketsarasota.com/2015/09/18/new-plays-in-focus-in-florida-studio-theatre-season/