Nazikeda Kadın (wife of Mehmed VI)

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In this Ottoman Turkish style name, the given name is Nazikeda, the title is Kadın, and there is no family name.
Not to be confused with Nazikeda Kadın (wife of Abdul Hamid II).
Nazikeda Kadın
Nazikeda (third from left) at her daughter Sabiha's (third from right) wedding, 29 April 1920
BornEmine Marshan
(1866-10-09)9 October 1866
Sukhumi Okrug, Caucasus Viceroyalty, Russian Empire
Died1947 (aged 80–81)
Maadi, Cairo, Kingdom of Egypt
Burial
Abbas Hilmi Pasha Mausoleum, Abbasiye Cemetery
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1885; died 1926)​
Issue
more...
Names
Turkish: Nazikeda Kadın
Ottoman Turkish: نازك ادا قادین
HouseMarshania (by birth)
Ottoman (by marriage)
FatherHasan Ali Marshan
MotherFatma Horecan Aredba
ReligionSunni Islam

Nazikeda Kadın (Turkish pronunciation: [nazik̟ʰeda kʰadɯn], Ottoman Turkish: نازك ادا قادین; meaning 'one of delicate manners';[1] born Princess Emine Marshan; 9 October 1866 – 1947),[2] also nicknamed the Last Empress,[3] was the first wife and chief consort of the last sultan, Mehmed VI of the Ottoman Empire.[4]

Nazikeda was born Emine in Sukhumi to a family of Abkhazian principality.[5] She was the daughter of Prince Hasan Bey Marshan and Fatma Horecan Hanım Aredba.[6] She came to Istanbul in 1876,[7] and married Prince Mehmed Vahdeddin later known as Mehmed VI, in 1885. She was the mother of three daughters, Fenire Sultan, Ulviye Sultan, and Sabiha Sultan.[8]

After Mehmed's accession to the throne in 1918, she was given the title of 'Senior Kadın'.[2] Mehmed was deposed in 1922, and sent into exile in 1924. Nazikeda followed him, and remained with him until his death in 1926.[9] She spent her last years with her two daughters, Ulviye and Sabiha,[10] and died at Cairo in 1947.[2]

Early life

Nazikeda Kadın was born on 9 October 1866 in Sukhumi, Abkhazia.[2] Born as Emine Marshan,[11] she was a member of Abkhazian princely family Marshan. Her father was Prince Hassan Bey Marshan (died 1877), the ruler of Tzebelda. Her mother was Princess Fatma Horecan Hanım Aredba, an Abkhazian.[12] She had two elder brothers Prince Abdülkadir Bey,[13] and Prince Mehmed Bey,[14] and two younger sisters, Princess Naciye Hanım, and Princess Daryal Hanım (1870 – 1904).[15]

In 1876, she had been brought to Istanbul as a young child, where her father entrusted her to the imperial harem together with her sister Daryal,[16] and wetnurse Babuce Hanım (died 1910).[17] She was then sent to Cemile Sultan's palace in Kandilli, where her name according to the custom of the Ottoman court was changed to Nazikeda.[11]

Cemile Sultan's youngest daughter Fatma Hanımsultan, had tuberculosis and Nazikeda became her closest companion[11] in 1880.[16] Cemile raised her as if she was her own daughter. Her nanny remained with her even as she grew up, although she had been told that she could return to Caucasia if she wished. She, however, stayed with Nazikeda until her death.[11] Nazikeda had honey coloured eyes, long auburn hair, and slender waist.[11]

Marriage

One day in 1884, when Mehmed was in his twenties, he visited his older sister Cemile Sultan at her palace at Kandilli. Here he saw Nazikeda, then seventeen years old, and fell in love with her. He asked his sister to give him Nazikeda in marriage, but Cemile flatly refused. She didn't want her sick daughter to be deprived of a companion, and at the same time that her brother would eventually take a second wife after Nazikeda, whom she considered as her own daughter.[18][16]

However, one year after the prince's pleading Cemile acceded to her brother's demand, but on one condition that he would not take a second wife.[19] He took the oath requested by his sister, and the marriage took place on 8 June 1885 in one of the palaces of Örtakoy.[20] Mehmed was twenty four while Nazikeda was nineteen years old. After the marriage, the couple went to live in one of the palaces of Feriye, where they spent several years in a three-storey wooden mansion. This mansion was destroyed in a fire, and the couple later moved to the mansion in Çengelköy.[21]

Around the same time, her sister Daryal renamed Iryale was married to Şehzade Mehmed Selim, son of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.[15][22] Her cousin Amine renamed Nazikeda was married to Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin, son of Sultan Abdulaziz.[23]

The couple's first daughter Fenire Sultan was born in 1888, and lived only a few weeks. She was followed by Fatma Ulviye Sultan born on 11 September 1892, and two years later, on 19 March 1894, by Rukiye Sabiha Sultan.[24][25] After this third birth, Nazikeda was told by the doctors that she would not be able to bear other children.[26]

On 30 May 1918, Nazikeda met with the Empress Zita of Bourbon-Parma in the harem of Yıldız Palace, when the latter visited Istanbul with her husband Emperor Charles I of Austria.[27]

In the following years, Mehmed married other women, but all of his marriages were made with the consent of Nazikeda. Even though Mehmed's accession to the throne was unlikely, Nazikeda knew well that as a prince he had to have a male heir and, therefore, each time accepted his wish to remarry. By doing so Mehmed broke the vow he had made to his sister Cemile. Nonetheless, after his accession to the throne in 1918, he gave Nazikeda the title of "Senior Kadın", and his respect towards her never failed.[3]

By 1916 Mehmed and Nazikeda's daughters had grown and reached the age of marriage. The elder daughter, Ulviye, was first to marry. The groom was Ismail Hakki Bey, the son of last grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire, Ahmed Tevfik Pasha. The wedding took place in a waterfront palace at Kuruçeşme on 10 August 1916, when Mehmed was a Crown Prince.[28] The couple had a daughter Hümeyra Hanımsultan born on 4 June 1917.[29] Ulviye divorced Ismail, and married Ali Haydar Bey, a member of the Germiyanoğlu family.[30]

Her younger daughter, Sabiha and Şehzade Ömer Faruk, the son of Abdulmejid II, the last Caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate, were in love with each other. When Abdulmejid asked Sabiha's hand in marriage for his son, Mehmed flatly refused as there was no such thing as a marriage between cousins.[31] Şehsuvar Hanım, the prince's mother called on Nazikeda, and succeeded in convincing her.[32] The marriage took place on 5 December 1919,[33] and the wedding reception took place four months later on 29 April 1920 at the Yıldız Palace.[34] The couple had three daughters, Neslişah Sultan, Hanzade Sultan, and Necla Sultan.[30]

Exile and widowhood

In 1922, Mehmed was deposed and exiled.[35] She, together with other members of his family, was kept in house arrest at the Feriye Palace by order of the new parliament until 10 March 1924, when they were sent into exile. Nazikeda along with Mehmed, moved to Sanremo.[36] During their stay, Mehmed's daily routine was to visit Nazikeda's room, which was on the same floor as his apartment, to drink his morning coffee with her.[3]

Following Mehmed's death in 1926, she moved to Monte Carlo, with her elder daughter Ulviye Sultan, her husband Ali Haydar Bey, and her daughter Hümeyra Hanımsultan.[37] She also used to come for a stay at Nice with her younger daughter Sabiha Sultan and her husband Prince Ömer Faruk. A large room used to be assigned to her, which she shared with Şehzade Mehmed Ertuğrul, her stepson, whenever he came back from Grasse.[38]

Nazikeda later moved to Alexandria with Ulviye, and after her grave illness there, Sabiha joined them in 1938.[39] In 1940, she attended the wedding of her granddaughter, Neslişah Sultan and Prince Mohamed Abdel Moneim, son of Egypt's last khedive Abbas Hilmi II. She wore a purple dress with hotoz.[40] She would never miss a prayer. In her last years, as she could not kneel down, she would pray on her chair.[41]

Death

Nazikeda died at Maadi, Cairo, in 1947[2] at the age of approximately eighty-one, and was buried in the mausoleum of Abbas Hilmi Pasha in the Abbasiye Cemetery.[42]

Issue

Name Birth Death Notes
 Fenire Sultan 1888[24][21] 1888[24][21] born and died in infancy in the Feriye Palace
Ulviye Sultan 11 September 1892[24][43] 25 January 1967[24][43] married twice, and had issue, a daughter
Sabiha Sultan 1 April 1894[44][45] 26 August 1971[44][45] married once, and issue, three daughters

In literature

  • Nazikeda is a minor character in T. Byram Karasu's historical novel Of God and Madness: A Historical Novel (2007).[46]

See also

References

  1. ^ Saz, Leyla (1994). The Imperial Harem of the Sultans: Daily Life at the Çırağan Palace During the 19th Century: Memoirs of Leyla (Saz) Hanımefendi. Peva Publications. p. 69 n. 6. ISBN 978-9-757-23900-0.
  2. ^ a b c d e Bardakçı 2017, p. xiv.
  3. ^ a b c Bardakçı 2017, p. 10.
  4. ^ Bardakçı, Murat (January 1, 1998). Şahbaba: Osmanoğulları'nın son hükümdarı VI. Mehmed Vahideddin'in hayatı, hatıraları ve özel mektupları. Pan Yayıncılık. p. 41. ISBN 978-9-757-65275-5.
  5. ^ Açba 2004, p. 66.
  6. ^ Aredba 2009, p. 70.
  7. ^ Bardakçı, Murat (January 1, 1998). Şahbaba: Osmanoğulları'nın son hükümdarı VI. Mehmed Vahideddin'in hayatı, hatıraları ve özel mektupları. Pan Yayıncılık. p. 41. ISBN 978-9-757-65275-5.
  8. ^ Freely, John (July 1, 2001). Inside the Seraglio: Private Lives of the Sultans in Istanbul. Penguin. p. 312.
  9. ^ Tucker, Spencer (2005). World War I: Encyclopedia, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 779. ISBN 978-1-851-09420-2.
  10. ^ Ünver, Mine Sultan (March 31, 2016). Yanağımda Soğuk Bir Buse: Vahdettin ile Mustafa Kemal Arasında. Portakal Kitap. ISBN 978-9-752-46845-0.
  11. ^ a b c d e Bardakçı 2017, p. 8.
  12. ^ Açba 2004, pp. 66, 77.
  13. ^ Açba 2004, p. 77.
  14. ^ Aredba 2009, p. 33.
  15. ^ a b Açba 2004, p. 79.
  16. ^ a b c Açba 2004, p. 67.
  17. ^ Açba 2004, p. 81.
  18. ^ Bardakçı 2017, pp. 8–9.
  19. ^ Açba 2004, p. 67 n. 1.
  20. ^ Uluçay 2011, p. 262.
  21. ^ a b c Bardakçı 2017, p. 9.
  22. ^ Aredba 2009, pp. 65, 70.
  23. ^ Açba 2004, p. 82 n. 7.
  24. ^ a b c d e Uluçay 2011, p. 265.
  25. ^ Açba 2004, p. 68.
  26. ^ Bardakçı 2017, pp. 9–10.
  27. ^ Açba 2004, p. 56.
  28. ^ Bardakçı 2017, p. 11.
  29. ^ Bardakçı 2017, p. xv.
  30. ^ a b Bardakçı 2017, p. xvii.
  31. ^ Bardakçı 2017, p. 27.
  32. ^ Bardakçı 2017, p. 28.
  33. ^ Bardakçı 2017, p. 29.
  34. ^ Bardakçı 2017, p. 30.
  35. ^ Açba 2004, p. 197.
  36. ^ Açba 2004, p. 198.
  37. ^ Bardakçı 2017, p. 91.
  38. ^ Bardakçı 2017, p. 142.
  39. ^ Bardakçı 2017, pp. 152–154.
  40. ^ Bardakçı 2017, p. 171.
  41. ^ Bardakçı 2017, p. 110.
  42. ^ Hülagü, M. Metin (2008). Yurtsuz İmparator: Vahdeddin : İngiliz gizli belgelerinde Vahdeddin ve Osmanlı hanedanı. Timaş. p. 24. ISBN 978-9-752-63690-3.
  43. ^ a b Bardakçı 2017, pp. xvii, 9–10.
  44. ^ a b Uluçay 2011, pp. 265–266.
  45. ^ a b Bardakçı 2017, pp. xvii, 10.
  46. ^ Karasu, T. Byram (2007). Of God and Madness: A Historical Novel. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 110–111. ISBN 978-0-742-55975-2.

Sources

  • Açba, Leyla (2004). Bir Çerkes prensesinin harem hatıraları. L & M. ISBN 978-9-756-49131-7.
  • Aredba, Rumeysa; Açba, Edadil (2009). Sultan Vahdeddinin San Remo Günleri. Timaş Yayınları. ISBN 978-9-752-63955-3.
  • Bardakçı, Murat (2017). Neslishah: The Last Ottoman Princess. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-9-774-16837-6.
  • Uluçay, M. Çağatay (2011). Padişahların kadınları ve kızları. Ötüken. ISBN 978-9-754-37840-5.

External links

Media related to Nazikeda Kadın at Wikimedia Commons

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