Enterococcus casseliflavus
| Enterococcus casseliflavus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Bacillota |
| Class: | Bacilli |
| Order: | Lactobacillales |
| Family: | Enterococcaceae |
| Genus: | Enterococcus |
| Species: | E. casseliflavus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Enterococcus casseliflavus Collins et al. 1984[1]
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Enterococcus casseliflavus is a species of commensal Gram-positive bacteria. Its name derived from the "flavus" the Latin word for yellow due to the bright yellow pigment that it produces.[2] This organism can be found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans[3]
The most common form of E. casseliflavus infection is bacteremia.[4] A study evaluating cases of E. casseliflavus bacteremia found that malignancy and diabetes mellitus were the most common complications, suggesting that a compromised immune system may be a risk factor for developing E. casseliflavus bacteremia.[5] Several cases of bacteremia have been attributed to prior infection or surgery on the biliary tract and liver, suggesting that E. casseliflavus has a high affiliation for these organs.[4]
E. casseliflavus has also been reported to cause endophthalmitis.[6]
Description[edit]
Enterococcus casseliflavus are facultative Gram-positive cocci. They are catalase negative and produce pyrolidonyl arylamidase. They are able to produce acid from many sugars, including L-Arabinose, gluconate, inulin, mannitol, melibiose, trehatol, and xylitol.[2] Similar to other members of the genus, E. casseliflavus is able to hydrolyze esculin. This organism reacts with Lancefield group D antisera.
E. casseliflavus shares many phenotypic traits with the more frequently encountered E. faecium. However, additional biochemical tests can be used to separate the two organisms. Additionally, E. casseliflavus produces respiratory quinones and its colonies possess a bright yellow pigment.[2][7]
E. casseliflavus possess the vanC genotype and are intrinsically resistant to glycopeptides such as vancomycin.[8]
References[edit]
- ^ "Species: Enterococcus casseliflavus". LPSN.DSMZ.de.
- ^ a b c Collins, M. D.; Jones, D.; Farrow, J. A. E.; Kilpper-Balz, R.; Schleifer, K. H. (1984-04-01). "Enterococcus avium nom. rev., comb. nov.; E. casseliflavus nom. rev., comb. nov.; E. durans nom. rev., comb. nov.; E. gallinarum comb. nov.; and E. malodoratus sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 34 (2): 220–223. doi:10.1099/00207713-34-2-220. ISSN 0020-7713.
- ^ Toye, B; Shymanski, J; Bobrowska, M; Woods, W; Ramotar, K (Dec 1997). "Clinical and epidemiological significance of enterococci intrinsically resistant to vancomycin (possessing the vanC genotype)". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 35 (12): 3166–3170. doi:10.1128/jcm.35.12.3166-3170.1997. ISSN 0095-1137. PMC 230142. PMID 9399514.
- ^ a b Yoshino, Yusuke (2023-01-20). "Enterococcus casseliflavus Infection: A Review of Clinical Features and Treatment". Infection and Drug Resistance. 16: 363–368. doi:10.2147/IDR.S398739. PMC 9879772. PMID 36714353.
- ^ Reid, K. C.; Cockerill, F. R.; Patel, R. (2001-06-01). "Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Enterococcus casseliflavus/flavescens and Enterococcus gallinarum Bacteremia: A Report of 20 Cases". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 32 (11): 1540–1546. doi:10.1086/320542. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 11340524.
- ^ Khurana, Rahul N. (2009-11-09). "Enterococcus casseliflavus Endophthalmitis Associated With a Horse Tail Injury". Archives of Ophthalmology. 127 (11): 1551–1552. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.282. ISSN 0003-9950. PMID 19901232.
- ^ Collins, M. D.; Jones, D. (1979-09-01). "The Distribution of Isoprenoid Quinones in Streptococci of Serological Groups D and N". Journal of General Microbiology. 114 (1): 27–33. doi:10.1099/00221287-114-1-27. ISSN 0022-1287. PMID 118232.
- ^ Vincent, S; Knight, R G; Green, M; Sahm, D F; Shlaes, D M (Oct 1991). "Vancomycin susceptibility and identification of motile enterococci". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 29 (10): 2335–2337. doi:10.1128/jcm.29.10.2335-2337.1991. ISSN 0095-1137. PMC 270325. PMID 1939593.