Exit planning
Exit planning is the preparation for the exit of an entrepreneur from his company to maximize the enterprise value of the company in a mergers and acquisitions transaction and thus his shareholder value, although other non-financial objectives may be pursued including the transition of the company to the next generation, sale to employees or management, or other altruistic, non-financial objectives.[1] Exit planning differs from succession planning in that the later is a sub-component of exit planning, and refers to the hiring, training and retention of a successor President/CEO of the company in a planned manner.[2] Succession Planning is but one of the many considerations when conducting exit planning.[3] Company owners commonly do not see their company from the standpoint of a potential buyer, and thus, ignore the strategic management of the company.[4]
To achieve their desired outcomes, business owners often focus their attention on exit planning from the beginning of the investment, in order to prepare adequately for trade and financial sales, make effective use of the buy back option, market their businesses more widely for sale, use intermediaries and get the support of management[5] Significant value is lost due to an absence of or inadequate exit planning. Roughly 30% of businesses will be transferred to family member in some manner, 18% intend to sell to its employees, and many will simply be closed.[6] Up to one-third of businesses that are closed were successful at their termination[7]
The three sources of enterprise value in a company are firstly the value of its tangible assets, and secondly the value of its intellectual capital (intangible assets), which consist of human capital, relational capital, and structural capital (including is subcomponents organizational capital, innovation capital and process capital. Most of a middle-market company's and lower middle market company's value is derived from its relational capital, specifically, its customer relationships.[8][9] SMEs, also referred to as middle market companies, create innovation capital (part of structural capital).[10]
Most small-to-medium-sized businesses use a boutique investment bank to market their company in a mergers and acquisitions transaction to potential buyers. Some boutique investment banks also offer exit planning preparation, while certain consulting firms offer one or more of the services needed to conduct exit planning, such as human resources, in connection with succession planning.
Private Equity Groups are common acquirers of middle market businesses, whether as Platform companies or add-on or tack-on acquisitions.
In addition to business aspects, personal considerations need to be taken into consideration, including considerations about estate taxes, capital gains taxes, or other taxes.[11]
References
- ^ Kupferman, Martin. "Savvy exit strategies for mid‐sized companies." Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance 14.2 (2003): 9-12.
- ^ Sharma, Pramodita, James J. Chrisman, and Jess H. Chua. "Succession planning as planned behavior: Some empirical results." Family Business Review 16.1 (2004): 1-15.
- ^ Hawkey, John. Exit Strategy Planning: Grooming your business for sale or succession. Gower Publishing Company, 2002.
- ^ https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Xoq_4e1qleUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA127&dq=preparing+a+company+for+sale+exit+planning&ots=vkbbbspL2G&sig=fUcLLX84fv1prR8DY_-Nt37OIKI#v=onepage&q=preparing%20a%20company%20for%20sale%20exit%20planning&f=false | Kuhn, Robert Lawrence. "Building Value into the Entrepreneurial Company." Leadership and Entrepreneurship: Personal and Organizational Development in Entrepreneurial Ventures (1996): 127.
- ^ http://griequity.astraea.net/resources/InvestmentIndustry/vc/evca/BetterExits.pdf | Wall, John, and Julian Smith. "Better exits." The Journal of Private Equity 1.2 (1997): 31-43.
- ^ Holaday, David W. "Exit Plans for Financed Life Insurance: Preparing to Cross That Bridger before Coming to It." J. Pract. Est. Plan. 8 (2006): 15.
- ^ http://cmapspublic.ihmc.us/rid%3D1227459615945_1100677163_14681/Preparing%20for%20Organizational%20Death.pdf | Marks, Mitchell Lee, and Ronny Vansteenkiste. "Preparing for organizational death: Proactive HR engagement in an organizational transition." Human Resource Management 47.4 (2008): 809-827.
- ^ Relational Capital: Strategic Advantage for Small-and-Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Negotiation and Collaboration, Theresa M. Welbourne, Manuela Pardo del Val, 2008
- ^ Lervik, Elisabeth. "Relational Capital: A study on its importance, quantification and its impact on business sectors and markets."
- ^ http://www.smeal.psu.edu/cmtoc/cmtoc/research/nistnpd.pdf
- ^ http://www.fambusiness.org/article_estatetax.html [dead link]