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FDI World Dental Federation

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For the federation's international standard tooth numbering system, see FDI World Dental Federation notation.
FDI World Dental Federation
Fédération dentaire internationale
AbbreviationFDI
FoundedAugust 15, 1900; 125 years ago (1900-08-15)
FounderCharles Godon
TypeInternational non-governmental organization
FocusDentistry and oral health
HeadquartersGeneva, Switzerland
Region served
Worldwide
MembersNational dental associations and specialist groups
President
Nikolai Sharkov
Websitewww.fdiworlddental.org

The FDI World Dental Federation (FDI; French: Fédération dentaire internationale) is an international organization representing the dental profession. Founded in Paris in 1900, it is a federation of national dental associations and dental specialist groups and is one of the oldest international professional bodies in dentistry.[1][2] FDI is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and has been in official relations with the World Health Organization since 1948.[3]

History

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FDI was founded in Paris on 15 August 1900 by the French dentist Charles Godon, dean of the École Dentaire de Paris, together with a small group of colleagues. The federation was created to organize regular international dental congresses and to support professional exchange and education across national borders.[4][5][3] The first annual International Dental Congress under the new federation was held in London in 1901.[4]

In its early decades, FDI functioned chiefly as a scientific and professional forum. Its work was interrupted by the First and Second World Wars but resumed in the post-war period, and the organization later expanded from congress organization into policy development and public-health work.[1][5] FDI entered into official relations with the World Health Organization in 1948.[3][6] In 1950, the federation launched the International Dental Journal, succeeding the earlier FDI Bulletin.[3]

In 1994, WHO and FDI jointly designated 1994 as the International Year of Oral Health.[3] In 2005, Michele Aerden became the first woman elected president of the federation.[7] Analyses published in the early twenty-first century described FDI as increasingly engaged in global health policy, particularly on oral disease prevention and the integration of oral health into the wider non-communicable disease agenda.[8][6]

Organization

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FDI is a membership federation of national dental associations and specialist groups. Its General Assembly, also described as the World Dental Parliament, is the principal decision-making body and meets annually during the World Dental Congress. An elected Council oversees implementation of policy, and standing committees composed of member-association volunteers carry out programme work.[8][2]

A 2005 article in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization reported that FDI then represented more than 900,000 dental professionals through 157 dental associations in 136 countries.[1] Writing in the Journal of the American Dental Association in 2021, then-president G. K. Seeberger described FDI as working with close to 200 national dental associations and specialist groups from more than 130 countries.[9]

Activities

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World Dental Congress

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FDI organizes the annual World Dental Congress (WDC), which combines scientific sessions with meetings of its governing bodies. The congress grew out of the international congress model central to the federation's founding purpose.[4][2] Recent congresses have been held in Shanghai (2020), Istanbul (2024), Shanghai (2025), and Prague (2026).[10]

Policy and frameworks

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FDI publishes policy statements and conceptual frameworks on oral health and dental practice. In 2016 its General Assembly adopted a revised definition of oral health that emphasized functional and psychosocial dimensions rather than the absence of disease alone.[11]

In 2021, FDI published Vision 2030: Delivering Optimal Oral Health for All, a policy framework on the place of oral health in health systems.[6] The FDI conceptual framework has also been applied in external research; a 2022 study in the International Dental Journal used it to examine oral health in a general adult population.[12]

Standards

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FDI is associated with the FDI World Dental Federation notation, a two-digit system for designating teeth and areas of the oral cavity. The system, also published as ISO 3950, was originally developed by the federation and has been recognized by the World Health Organization.[13][14] Dental literature describes the system as the most widely used dental notation outside the United States and as suitable for standardized clinical and research communication.[15]

World Oral Health Day

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World Oral Health Day is an annual public-awareness observance organized by FDI. It was first declared in 2007 and initially observed on 12 September, the birth date of Charles Godon, but the campaign was not fully activated until 2013, when the date was moved to 20 March to avoid conflicting with the FDI World Dental Congress.[16][17]

The observance has been marked by World Health Organization regional offices and other public-health institutions, which have used the day to promote oral health and advocate for universal health coverage that includes oral care.[18][19]

Relations with international bodies

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FDI has been in official relations with the World Health Organization since 1948.[6][3] A 2005 article in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization described FDI as one of the oral-health-related non-governmental organizations in official relations with WHO, and WHO lists published in 2023 and 2024 continued to include FDI among non-State actors in official relations with the organization.[1][20][21]

FDI is one of the five member organizations of the World Health Professions Alliance (WHPA), alongside the International Council of Nurses, the World Medical Association, the International Pharmaceutical Federation, and World Physiotherapy. In November 2022, WHO and the WHPA signed a memorandum of understanding on health-workforce priorities, covering all five alliance members.[22][23] FDI is also listed as a member of the NCD Alliance network.[24]

Partnerships

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FDI has participated in long-running public-health partnerships with private-sector and academic partners. The best-documented example is its collaboration with Unilever Oral Care on school-based toothbrushing and oral-health education. A 2018 review in the International Dental Journal described twelve years of joint activity under the FDI–Unilever Brush Day & Night partnership.[25] The earlier Live.Learn.Laugh. programme was evaluated by researchers at the University of Salford across 38 countries, with findings published in the International Dental Journal in 2011; the commissioning of that evaluation was reported in the British Dental Journal in 2009.[26][27][28] The Salford evaluation was commissioned as part of the partnership, and the supporting papers were published in a journal supplement associated with the programme.

Publications

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FDI is the owner of the International Dental Journal, a peer-reviewed publication that succeeded the FDI Bulletin in 1950 and covers research, reviews, policy papers, and commentary in dentistry and oral health.[3]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d Benzian, H. M.; Nackstad, C.; Barnard, J. T. (2005). "The role of the FDI World Dental Federation in global oral health". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 83 (9): 719–720. PMC 2626329. PMID 16211166.
  2. ^ a b c "What is the FDI World Dental Federation?". British Dental Journal. 199 (3): 123. 2005. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4812599.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Seeberger, G. K.; Lamster, I. B.; Bondioni, E. (2020). "Celebrating a double milestone in 2020: FDI turns 120 and the International Dental Journal is 70". International Dental Journal. 70 (5): 319–320. doi:10.1111/idj.12611. PMC 9379152. PMID 32776322.
  4. ^ a b c Hancocks, S. (2000). "The FDI's first ten years, 1900–1910". International Dental Journal. 50 (4): 175–183. doi:10.1111/j.1875-595X.2000.tb00556.x. PMID 11042817.
  5. ^ a b Freihofer, H. H. (1975). "The Fédération Dentaire Internationale, 1900–1975". International Dental Journal. 25 (2): 140–145. PMID 1099007.
  6. ^ a b c d Glick, M. (2021). "FDI Vision 2030: Delivering Optimal Oral Health for All". International Dental Journal. 71 (1): 3–4. doi:10.1111/idj.12620.
  7. ^ "Timeline of Women in Dentistry". History of Dentistry. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
  8. ^ a b Wong, T. C.; Eiselé, J.-L. (2015). "FDI World Dental Federation: Responding to new realities of oral health". Journal of Dental Research. 94 (4): 507–509. doi:10.1177/0022034515571185.
  9. ^ Seeberger, G. K. (2021). "Toward Vision 2030". Journal of the American Dental Association. 152 (9): 697–699. doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2021.06.006.
  10. ^ "FDI World Dental Congress 2026". FDI World Dental Federation. Retrieved 23 April 2026.
  11. ^ Glick, M.; Williams, D. M.; Kleinman, D. V.; Vujicic, M.; Watt, R. G.; Weyant, R. J. (2016). "A new definition for oral health developed by the FDI World Dental Federation opens the door to a universal definition of oral health". Journal of the American Dental Association. 147 (12): 915–917. doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2016.10.001. PMID 27886668.
  12. ^ Ahonen, H.; Suhonen, R.; Richardson, J.; Nilsson, M. (2022). "Applying World Dental Federation theoretical framework for oral health in a general adult population". International Dental Journal. 72 (3): 409–418. doi:10.1016/j.identj.2021.10.002.
  13. ^ "ISO 3950:1984 Dentistry — Designation system for teeth and areas of the oral cavity". International Organization for Standardization.
  14. ^ "ISO 3950:2016 Dentistry — Designation system for teeth and areas of the oral cavity". International Organization for Standardization.
  15. ^ Peck, S.; Peck, L. (1993). "A time for change of tooth numbering systems". Journal of Dental Education. 57 (8): 643–647. doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.1993.57.8.tb02785.x. PMID 8349894.
  16. ^ "About World Oral Health Day". FDI World Dental Federation. Retrieved 23 April 2026.
  17. ^ "World oral health day". British Dental Journal. 218 (6): 325. 2015. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.221.
  18. ^ "World Oral Health Day: Accelerate action to achieve universal coverage for oral health". World Health Organization South-East Asia Region. 20 March 2023.
  19. ^ "World Oral Health Day 2026". World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa. 9 March 2026.
  20. ^ Non-State actors in official relations with WHO (PDF) (Report). World Health Organization. 6 December 2023.
  21. ^ List of 219 non-State actors in official relations with WHO (PDF) (Report). World Health Organization. 2024.
  22. ^ "WHO, members of the World Health Professions Alliance sign new memorandum of understanding on health workforce priorities". World Health Organization. 7 November 2022.
  23. ^ "About WHPA". World Health Professions Alliance.
  24. ^ "FDI World Dental Federation". NCD Alliance.
  25. ^ Kell, K.; Aymerich, M.-A.; Horn, V. (2018). "FDI–Unilever Brush Day & Night partnership: 12 years of improving behaviour for better oral health". International Dental Journal. 68 (Suppl 1): 3–6. doi:10.1111/idj.12404.
  26. ^ Pine, C. M.; Dugdill, L.; Nicoll, A.; Owens, J. (2011). "Analysis of a unique global public-private partnership to promote oral health". International Dental Journal. 61 (Suppl 2): 10–14. doi:10.1111/j.1875-595X.2011.00036.x.
  27. ^ Dugdill, L.; Owens, J.; Pine, C. M. (2011). "Evaluation of international case studies within 'Live. Learn. Laugh.': a unique global public-private partnership to promote oral health". International Dental Journal. 61 (Suppl 2): 24–29. doi:10.1111/j.1875-595X.2011.00035.x.
  28. ^ "Focus on world oral health". British Dental Journal. 206 (12): 612. 2009. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2009.537.
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