As the creator of the original work (shown on the left) is deceased, and the artwork has been destroyed, no free equivalent could reasonably be obtained or created to replace this media
The use of this image on Wikipedia is contended to be a fair use, since it is used solely for educational purposes in a not-for-profit encyclopedia, is necessary for cultural and historical purposes, and the material value of the possible copyright is not believed to be lessened by its use here
It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the person in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
It is a low resolution copy
It is only being used to illustrate the article Bicycle Wheel
The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the image in any way
For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original photograph, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright
Fair useFair use of copyrighted material in the context of Bicycle Wheel//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marcel_Duchamp,_1916-17_studio_photograph.jpgtrue
As the creator of the original work (shown on the left) is deceased, and the artwork has been destroyed, no free equivalent could reasonably be obtained or created to replace this media
The use of this image on Wikipedia is contended to be a fair use, since it is used solely for educational purposes in a not-for-profit encyclopedia, is necessary for cultural and historical purposes, and the material value of the possible copyright is not believed to be lessened by its use here
It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the person in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the image in any way
For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original photograph, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright
Fair useFair use of copyrighted material in the context of Readymades of Marcel Duchamp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marcel_Duchamp,_1916-17_studio_photograph.jpgtrue
This is a two-dimensional representation of a copyrighted sculpture, statue or any other three-dimensional work of art. As such it is a derivative work of art, and per US Copyright Act of 1976, § 106(2) whoever holds copyright of the original has the exclusive right to authorize derivative works.
Per § 107 it is believed that reproduction for criticism, comment, teaching and scholarship constitutes fair use and does not infringe copyright.
It is believed that the use of a picture
to illustrate the three-dimensional work of art in question,
to discuss the artistic genre or technique of the work of art
or to discuss the artist or the school to which the artist belongs
