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Finstock

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Finstock
Holy Trinity parish church
Population797 (2011 Census)
OS grid referenceSP3616
Civil parish
  • Finstock
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townWitney
Postcode districtOX29
Dialling code01993
PoliceThames Valley
FireOxfordshire
AmbulanceSouth Central
UK Parliament
WebsiteFinstock Village & Community
List of places
UK
England
Oxfordshire

Finstock is a village and civil parish about 2 miles (3 km) south of Charlbury in Oxfordshire, England. The parish is bounded to the northeast by the River Evenlode, to the southeast partly by the course of Akeman Street Roman road, and on other sides by field boundaries. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 797.[1]

For most of its history Finstock was a township of the ancient parish of Charlbury. Finstock became a separate civil parish in the late 19th century.[2]

Archaeology

A palaeolithic biface was found in the parish near Mount Skippett in 1983.[3] The artefact was found in isolation without any associated archaeological materials so it is difficult to date, but its manufacture shows a mixture of techniques from the Lower Palaeolithic (older than 200,000 years ago) and Middle Palaeolithic (200,000 to 45,000 years ago) periods.[4]

Roman coins and Romano-British potsherds have been found in the parish.

Manor

It is thought that there was a settlement of some kind here at the time of the Domesday survey of 1086 when it formed part of the Hundred of Banbury belonging to the Bishop of Lincoln. In 1135 the village of Finstock is referred to as Fynstoke. In this period, the village formed part of the manor and parish of Charlbury.

Finstock Manor House, built in 1660

In the early 16th century the manor of Charlbury and its land, including Finstock, was held by Sir Thomas White, a London tailor who founded St John's College, Oxford, in 1555. The manor was then included in the college's endowment. As the college lands were owned by an absentee landlord, the land was leased to many people including the Lee family of Ditchley Park[5] from 1592 to 1776. The college then resumed direct control until 1857, when the lordship of the manor passed to Francis Spencer, 2nd Lord Churchill of Wychwood, the owner of Cornbury Park.[6] It remains in the possession of Cornbury Park today although most of the manorial rights have lapsed and much of the village of Finstock is now freehold.[citation needed]

Finstock Manor House is 17th-century and has a date stone saying 1660. It is an L-shaped house with three gables on each of its longer sides and an attic window in each gable. All the attic windows in the gables are elliptical[7] and one is oeil-de-boeuf. The roof is of Stonesfield slate. The house is a Grade II* listed building.[8]

Parish church

Holy Trinity Church of England parish church is a Gothic Revival building of 1841.[9] Its ornate chancel was added in 1905 and its elaborate south window by the architect P. Morley Horder in 1929.[9]

T. S. Eliot came to Finstock to be received into the Church of England. William Force Stead was a fellow American and came to England as an American consul but soon found that his real bents in life were literature and religion. He was ordained, became chaplain of Worcester College, Oxford and after meeting Eliot in 1923 (with whom he shared a love of cats) steadily drew him towards Anglicanism and agreed to baptise him. He was then living in "a fine seventeenth century gabled house at Finstock", Finstock Manor[10] and invited Eliot to stay there to meet his godfathers, B. H. Streeter[11] and Vere Somerset,[12] before his baptism at Finstock on 29 June 1927.[13] The novelist Barbara Pym lived at Finstock after her retirement and is buried in the churchyard of Holy Trinity.[citation needed] The current[when?] Vicar, the Reverend Paul Mansell, arrived in February 2010 having trained at Ripon College Cuddeston and Ordained at Christchurch Oxford.[citation needed]

Economic and social history

Finstock Church of England Primary School, built in 1860

Finstock, together with its neighbours Charlbury, Fawler and Leafield, lay in a clearing of Wychwood Forest that used to stretch from Woodstock to Burford. Much of the forest land was cleared for growing arable crops and during the Middle Ages barley was the main crop in Finstock. Other land was used for sheep grazing and many of the people of Finstock were involved in the wool industry — the carding being done by men and boys and the spinning by women.

Building of the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway (OW&W) along the Evenlode Valley began 1845 and the line was opened in 1853. It passes through the northeastern edge of Finstock parish about 1⁄2 mile (800 m) from the village. Originally its nearest station was Charlbury, about 2 miles (3 km) from Finstock. The Great Western Railway took over the OW&W in 1862 and opened Finstock railway station in 1934.

Glove making at the village hall site by the women and agricultural labouring on nearby land by the men and boys, used to be the principal occupations of the people of Finstock in the earlier part of the 20th century.[citation needed] Now many inhabitants of Finstock commute by car and bus to Witney, Chipping Norton and Oxford.[citation needed]

Finstock is now a separate civil and ecclesiastical parish,[14] its population mostly living along the sides of a large triangle formed by the main Witney-Charlbury road (west to north), School Road (east) and Finstock High Street (south). Much in-filling with new buildings has further completed the triangle and four new estates were built during the 20th century. The farming now is mainly arable, barley, wheat and oilseed rape, but there is still some mixed farming.[citation needed]

Amenities

The Plough Inn, Finstock

Finstock has one public house: The Plough Inn.[15] A second, The Crown, has been closed and converted into a house.

Finstock has a combined village shop and sub-post office.

Finstock railway station is on the Cotswold Line. The station is between Finstock and the hamlet of Fawler.

Finstock has a Church of England primary school.[16]

Finstock has a Women's Institute.[17]

References

Village shop and post office in School Road
  1. ^ "Area: Finstock (Parish): Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  2. ^ Crossley 1972, pp. 127–157.
  3. ^ Tyldesley 1983, p. 143.
  4. ^ Tyldesley 1983, p. 144.
  5. ^ Ditchley website
  6. ^ Cornbury Park
  7. ^ Pevsner & Sherwood 1974, p. 605.
  8. ^ Historic England. "Finstock Manor House (Grade II*) (1367894)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
  9. ^ a b Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 605.
  10. ^ Finstock website
  11. ^ Court, John M. "Burnett Hillman Streeter* (17th November 1874 – 10th September 1937)". The Expository Times.
  12. ^ "Person Page - 1019". The Peerage.com. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  13. ^ Adamson & Sencourt 1971[page needed]
  14. ^ Finstock website: Parish church
  15. ^ The Plough Inn
  16. ^ C.E. Primary School
  17. ^ "Your nearest WI". Oxfordshire Federation of Women's Institutes.

Sources

17th-century thatched cottage in the High Street
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Finstock.
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