# Floristic Quality Assessment

Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) is a tool used to assess an area's ecological integrity based on its plant species composition.[1] Floristic Quality Assessment was originally developed in order to assess the likelihood that impacts to an area "would be irreversible or irretrievable...to make standard comparisons among various open land areas, to set conservation priorities, and to monitor site management or restoration efforts."[2] The concept was developed by Gerould Wilhelm in the 1970s in a report on the natural lands of Kane County, Illinois[3] and codified for the Chicago Region in 1979.[4]

## Coefficient of conservatism

Each plant species in a region is assigned a coefficient of conservatism, also known as a C-value, ranging between 0 and 10.[1] A plant species with a higher score (e.g. 10) has a lower tolerance to environmental degradation such as grazing or development and therefore is naturally restricted to undisturbed, remnant habitats. Non-native plants are either assigned a C-value of 0 or are excluded from assessments.[5] In the Chicago Region, 84% of the native plant species have a C-value of 4 or greater.[6] Plants with a C-value of 4 or greater rarely naturally move from a remnant area to surrounding degraded land.[6]

C-values are assigned within specific ecological and geographic regions by botanical experts familiar with the species' autecology within the respective regions.[7] As of February 2018, there were at least 50 different FQA databases ranging from the Gulf Coastal Plain to western Washington, though most databases represented regions in the eastern and central United States and Canada.[8]

The mean C-value (${\displaystyle {\bar {C}}}$) is calculated based on an inventory of plants. An area with a native mean C-value of 3.5 or higher likely has "sufficient floristic quality to be of at least marginal natural area quality."[2] Remnant natural areas with mean C-values of 4.0 or greater are unmitigable.[6]

## Floristic Quality Index

The Floristic Quality Index (FQI) is calculated by multiplying the mean C value by the square root of the total number of species:

${\displaystyle {\bar {C}}{\sqrt {n}}}$