Foreign relations of Benin

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

After seizing power in the 1972 coup d'état, Major Mathieu Kérékou declared the People's Republic of Benin a Marxist-Leninist state and sought financial support from communist governments in Eastern Europe and Asia. To distance the modern state from its colonial past, the country became the People's Republic of Benin in 1975. However, Benin dropped the socialist ideology in 1989 following pressure from creditors and domestic unrest related to economic hardship.

In recent years Benin has strengthened ties with France, the former colonial power, as well as the United States and the main international lending institutions. Benin has also adopted a mediating role in the political crises in Liberia, Guinea-Bissau, and Togo and provided a contribution to the United Nations force in Haiti, all of which were indications of the country's growing confidence in the international community. Some of the allies of Benin are France, India, US, UK, Netherlands, Ghana, and China.

Diplomatic relations[edit]

List of countries which Benin maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1  United Kingdom 1 August 1960[1]
2  United States 1 August 1960[2]
3  France 2 August 1960[3]
4  Germany 12 August 1960[4]
5  Haiti December 1960[5]
6  Belgium 3 January 1961[6]
7  Brazil 17 May 1961[7]
8  South Korea 1 August 1961[8]
9  Nigeria 12 September 1961[9]
10  Sweden 17 November 1961[10]
11   Switzerland 21 November 1961[10]
12  Italy 30 November 1961[11]
13  Israel 5 December 1961[12]
14  Netherlands 26 December 1961[13]
15  Democratic Republic of the Congo 1961[14]
16  Japan 1961[15]
17  Guinea 26 February 1962[16]
18  Canada 27 April 1962[17]
19  Russia 4 June 1962[18]
20  Czech Republic 11 June 1962[19]
21  Poland 14 June 1962[20]
22  Ghana 20 June 1962[21]
23  Hungary 21 June 1962[22]
24  Bulgaria 25 June 1962[23]
25  Lebanon 27 June 1962[24]
26  Romania 29 June 1962[25]
27  Serbia 3 July 1962[26]
28  Sudan 23 July 1962[27]
29  India 25 June 1963[28]
30  Pakistan 10 December 1963[29]
31  Norway 25 September 1964[30]
32  Algeria 7 November 1964[31]
33  China 12 November 1964[32]
34  Syria 29 November 1964[33]
35  Austria 1 December 1964[34]
36  Denmark 15 December 1964[35]
37  Egypt 15 December 1964[36]
38  Mali 27 August 1965[37]
39  Spain 25 March 1966[38]
40  Ethiopia 7 May 1966[39]
41  Morocco 5 November 1966[40]
42  Tunisia 18 January 1967[41]
43  Luxembourg 17 September 1968[42]
44  Gabon 29 October 1969[43]
45  Mauritania 1970[44]
 Holy See 29 June 1971[45]
 Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1972[46]
46  North Korea 5 February 1973[47]
47  Vietnam 14 March 1973[48]
48  Libya 31 March 1973[49]
49  Cuba 1 February 1974[50]
50  Zambia 8 February 1974[51]
51  Turkey 29 March 1974[52]
52  Argentina 20 May 1974[53]
53  Albania 4 October 1974[54]
54  Mexico 30 October 1975[55]
55  Cameroon 31 July 1976[56]
56  Angola 11 October 1976[57]
57  Chad 18 October 1976[58]
58  Laos 2 January 1977[59]
59  Mongolia 30 March 1977[60]
60  Portugal 25 July 1977[61]
61  Uganda 1978[62]
62  Tanzania 25 May 1979[63]
63  Thailand 5 October 1980[64]
64  Equatorial Guinea 10 April 1981[65]
65  Kenya 12 March 1982[66]
66  Somalia 12 March 1982[66]
67  Togo 5 September 1983[67]
68  Ivory Coast 28 October 1983[68]
69  Nicaragua 5 June 1984[69]
70  Afghanistan 5 December 1984[70]
71  Rwanda 21 March 1985[71]
 State of Palestine 1985[72]
72  United Arab Emirates 5 January 1986[73]
73  Kuwait 24 December 1987[74]
74  Seychelles 1 March 1988[75]
75  Colombia 30 November 1988[76]
76  Finland 22 December 1988[77]
77  Namibia 13 August 1990[78]
78  Venezuela 20 June 1991[79]
79  Ukraine 10 April 1992[80]
80  Malaysia 1992[81]
81  Slovakia 19 January 1993[82]
82  Singapore 21 February 1994[83]
83  Brunei 1 March 1994[84]
84  Indonesia 10 March 1994[85]
85  South Africa 19 May 1994[86]
86  Costa Rica 28 June 1994[87]
87  Cambodia 23 January 1995[88]
88  Guatemala 14 November 1995[89]
89  Latvia 19 March 1997[90]
90  Philippines 8 August 1997[91]
91  Azerbaijan 14 October 1999[92]
92  Qatar 2 November 1999[93]
93  Dominican Republic 24 November 1999[94]
94  Croatia 26 March 2001[95]
95  Belarus 21 June 2001[96]
96  Mauritius 24 March 2003[97]
97  North Macedonia 26 November 2004[98]
98  Slovenia 1 December 2004[99]
99  Iceland 23 February 2005[100]
100  Estonia 27 June 2005[101]
101  Uzbekistan 17 August 2005[102]
102  Lithuania 2 September 2005[103]
103  Panama 20 September 2005[104]
104  Andorra 24 March 2006[105]
105  Jamaica 25 April 2006[106]
106  Botswana 21 February 2007[107]
107  Armenia 2 August 2007[108]
108  Uruguay 14 February 2008[109]
109  Djibouti 16 June 2008[110]
110  Bangladesh 14 July 2008[111]
111  Kyrgyzstan 29 January 2009[112]
112  Paraguay 18 February 2009[113]
113  Malta 25 March 2009[114]
114  Bosnia and Herzegovina 11 September 2009[115]
115  Chile 25 August 2010[116]
116  Australia 22 September 2010[117]
117  Tajikistan 8 July 2011[118]
118  Kazakhstan 13 September 2011[119]
119  Montenegro 15 September 2011[120]
120  Fiji 16 September 2011[121]
121  Maldives 16 September 2011[122]
122  South Sudan 29 January 2013[123]
123  New Zealand 27 June 2013[124]
124  Sri Lanka 12 August 2013[125]
125  Yemen 24 February 2014[126]
126  Jordan 4 June 2014[127]
127  Georgia 25 September 2014[128]
128  Peru 22 November 2017[129]
129    Nepal 23 January 2018[130]
130  Moldova 24 January 2018[131]
131  Comoros 17 May 2018[132]
132  Zimbabwe 19 July 2018[133]
133  Turkmenistan 26 July 2018[134]
134  Mozambique 24 October 2018[135]
135  Oman 16 November 2018[136]
136  Malawi 19 February 2019[137]
137  São Tomé and Príncipe 20 February 2019[138]
138  Monaco 8 March 2019[139]
139  Ireland 28 May 2019[140]
140  Liechtenstein 26 June 2019[141]
141  Myanmar 2 July 2019[142]
142  Ecuador 7 October 2019[143]
143  San Marino 29 September 2020[144]
144  Saint Kitts and Nevis 2 June 2022[145]
145  Guinea-Bissau 10 November 2022[146]
146  Belize 14 September 2023[147]
147  Bahrain 21 September 2023[148]
148  Grenada 21 September 2023[149]
149  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3 October 2023[150]
150  Cyprus 10 October 2023[151]
151  East Timor 10 October 2023[152]
152  El Salvador 18 October 2023[153]
153  Antigua and Barbuda 21 December 2023[154]
154  Bahamas 22 January 2024[155]
155  Burkina Faso Unknown
156  Burundi Unknown
157  Republic of the Congo Unknown
158  Eswatini Unknown
159  Gambia Unknown
160  Greece Unknown
161  Iran Unknown
162  Iraq Unknown
163  Liberia Unknown
164  Madagascar Unknown
165  Niger Unknown
166  Saudi Arabia Unknown
167  Senegal Unknown
168  Sierra Leone Unknown

Bilateral relations[edit]

Sovereign state Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria 7 November 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 November 1964 when Algeria's first Ambassador to Dahomey Mr. Tahar Gaid presented his letters of credence[31]
 Bangladesh 14 July 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 July 2008 when has been accredited first Ambassador of Benin to Bangladesh (resident in Beijing) Mr. Sedozan Jean-Claude Apithy.[111]
 Brazil 17 May 1961
  • Benin does not have an accreditation for Brazil.
  • Brazil has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Burkina Faso

In September 2007, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) intervened to attempt to resolve the dispute over two villages along the Benin-Burkina Faso border that remain from a 2005 ICJ decision.

 China 12 November 1964 See Benin–China relations

The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Benin established diplomatic relations on November 12, 1964, yet in January 1966, Benin unilaterally severed the relations with China and the April that year to "resume relations" with Taiwan. On December 29, 1972, the Mathieu Kérékon Government restored the relations with China and then the relations saw a favorable development afterwards.[32]

  • Benin has an embassy in Beijing.
  • China has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Comoros 17 May 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 May 2018 when Ambassador of Benin to Comoros (resident in Pretoria) Mr. Erick Franck Saїzonou presented his credentials to President Azali Assoumani.[132]
 Democratic Republic of Congo 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1961 when has been accredited Mr. Paul Fabo as Chargé d'Affaires of Dahomey to Leopoldville (Kinshasa) (1961–1963) and later ambassador to DRC (Zaire) (1963–1973).[14]
 Cote d'Ivoire 28 October 1983 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 October 1983 when Ambassador of Benin to Côte d'Ivoire Mr. Benon Nicolas presented his credentials to President Houphouët - Boigny.[68]
 Cuba 1 February 1974
  • Benin has an embassy in Havana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Denmark 15 December 1964 See Benin–Denmark relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1964 when was accredited first ambassador of Dahomey to Denmark Dr. Nicolas Amoussou Ewagnignon[35]

  • Denmark is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
 Egypt 15 December 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1964 when decided to open Embassy of Egypt in Dahomey.[36]
 Equatorial Guinea 10 April 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 1981 when first Ambassador of Equatorial Guinea to Benin presented his credentials to Head of State, Colonel Mathieu Kérékou.[65]
 Ethiopia 7 May 1966 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1966 when first Ambassador of Ethiopia to Dahomey ( resident in Lagos ) Mr. Dawit Abdou presented his credentials.[39]
  • Benin has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
  • Ethiopia is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
 France 2 August 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 August 1960[3]
 Gabon 29 October 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 October 1969 when Gabon's new Ambassador to Dahomey (Benin), M. Marcel Sandoungout, has presented his credentials to President Zinsou.[43]
 Germany 12 August 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 1960 when first Ambassador of FRG to Dahomey (resident in Abidjan) Mr. Theodor Axenfeld presented his credentials[4]
 Ghana 20 June 1962
  • Benin does not have an accreditation for Ghana.
  • Ghana has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Guinea 26 February 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1962 when first Ambassador of Guinea to Dahomey Mr. Leon Maka presented his credentials to President Maga.[16]
 Haiti December 1960 See Benin–Haiti relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations in December 1960 with opened Embassy of Haiti in Dahomey. It was closed in 1963 and reopened in Cotonou in February 2004. Embassy Haiti in Benin was finally closed on 11 December 2018.[5]

The two countries share an extensive cultural history by way of the Atlantic slave trade and the resulting importing of Vodou as a religious force in Haitian society.

  • Benin does not have an accreditation to Haiti.
  • Haiti is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Paris, France.
 India 25 June 1963 See Benin–India relations
  • India is accredited to Benin from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Israel 5 December 1961
  • Israel is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
 Italy 30 November 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1961 when first ambassador of Italy to Dahomey Mr. Renzo Luigi Romanelli presented his credentials to President Hubert Maga[11]
 Japan 1961
  • Benin has an embassy in Tokyo.
  • Japan has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Kenya 12 March 1982 See Benin–Kenya relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1982 when first ambassador of Kenya to Benin Mr. Alfred Imbahale Machayo presented his credentials to Head of State of Benin Mr. Mathieu Kérékou.[66]

  • Benin is accredited to Kenya from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Kenya's is accredited to Benin from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Kuwait 24 December 1987
  • Benin has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Lebanon 27 June 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1962 when first ambassador of Lebanon to Dahomey presented his credentials to President Hubert Maga.[24]
 Mali 27 August 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 August 1965 when first ambassador of Mali to Dahomey (resident in Niamey) Mr. Hangadoumbo Toure presented his credentials.[37]
 Mexico 30 October 1975
  • Benin is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[158]
  • Mexico is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria and has an honorary consulate in Cotonou.[159]
 Morocco 5 November 1966
  • Benin has an embassy in Rabat.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Niger

Despite the occasional recurrence of a border conflict over Lete Island in the Niger River, Benin and Niger, both former French subjects of French West Africa, relations are close. Niger relies on the port at Cotonou, and to a lesser degree Lomé (Togo), and Port Harcourt (Nigeria), as its main route to overseas trade. Niger operates a Nigerien Ports Authority station, as well as customs and tax offices in a section of Cotonou's port, so that imports and exports can be directly transported between Gaya and the port. French Uranium mines in Arlit, which produce Niger's largest exports by value, travel through this port to France or the world market.

 Nigeria 12 September 1961

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Chargé d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou.[9]

Benin enjoys stable relations with Nigeria, the main regional power. In fact, Benin is dependent on Nigeria for most of its export. Its economy is primarily based on informal trade with Nigeria.

  • Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Pakistan 10 December 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1963 when the Pakistan Government has decided to concurrently accredit M. S. Shaikh, High Commissioner for Pakistan in Nigeria, as the country's ambassador to Dahomey.[29]
 Philippines 8 August 1997 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 August 1997 when has been accredited Ambassador of Philippines to Benin (resident in Lagos) Mr. Masarango Masrumpa.[91]
 Qatar 2 November 1999
  • Benin has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Russia 4 June 1962 See Benin–Russia relations
 Rwanda 21 March 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1985 when Ambassador of Rwanda to Benin Mr. Calixte Hatungimana presented his credentials to général Mathieu Kerekou.[71]
 Somalia 12 March 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1982 when first ambassador of Somalia to Benin Mr. Hussein Assan Farah presented his credentials to Head of State of Benin Mr. Mathieu Kérékou.[66]
 South Africa 19 May 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 May 1994[86]
  • Benin does not have an accreditation for South Africa.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Cotonou.
 South Korea 1 August 1961
  • Benin does not have an accreditation for South Korea.
  • South Korea is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
 Spain 25 March 1966
  • Benin is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Benin from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Tanzania 25 May 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1979 when first ambassador of Tanzania to Benin Mr. Mirisho Sarakikya presented his credentials to President M. Kerekou[63]
 Togo 5 September 1983 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 September 1983 when Ambassador of Benin to Togo (resident in accra) Mr. Lucien Tonoukoin presented his credentials to Head of State General Eyadema.[67]
 Tunisia 18 January 1967 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1967 when Tunisian Ambassador to Dahomey, with residence in Abidjan, Mr. Mehiri Abdeljelil, has presented his credentials to General Soglo.[41]
 Turkey 29 March 1974 Benin–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 March 1974 when first Turkish Ambassador Mr. Talat Benler presented his credentials to President Mathieu Kerekou in Cotonou.[52]

  • Turkey has an embassy in Cotonou.[160]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$142 million in 2019.[160]
  • There are direct flights from Istanbul to Cotonou since 2014.[160]
 United Kingdom 1 August 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1960 when Mr. R. J. Stratton was appointment as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim of the United Kingdom to Dahomey.[1]
 United States 1 August 1960 See Benin–United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1960[2]

The two nations have had an excellent history of relations in the years since Benin embraced democracy. The U.S. Government continues to assist Benin with the improvement of living standards that are key to the ultimate success of Benin's experiment with democratic government and economic liberalization, and are consistent with U.S. values and national interest in reducing poverty and promoting growth. The bulk of the U.S. effort in support of consolidating democracy in Benin is focused on long-term human resource development through U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) programs.[161]

  • Benin has an embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • United States has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Venezuela 20 June 1991
  • Benin does not have an accreditation for Venezuela.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Yemen 24 February 2014 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 February 2014 when Ambassador of Benin to Yemen Mr. Taher Mohammed Dambaya presented his credentials to President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi.[126]
 Zambia 8 February 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 February 1974 when Zambian ambassador Andreya S. Masiye presented credentials to President Kerekou[51]
 Zimbabwe 19 July 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 2018 when first ambassador of Benin to Zimbabwe Mr. Eric Saizonou presented his credentials to President Emmerson Mnangagwa.[133]

Transnational Issues[edit]

Disputes[edit]

In September 2007, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) intervened to attempt to resolve the dispute over two villages along the Benin-Burkina Faso border that remain from 2005 ICJ decision; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remains undemarcated; in 2005, Nigeria ceded thirteen villages to Benin, but border relations remain strained by rival cross-border gang clashes; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River.

Refugees[edit]

Refugees (country of origin): 9,444 (Togo) (2007)

Illicit Drugs[edit]

Transshipment point used by traffickers for cocaine destined for Western Europe; vulnerable to money laundering due to poorly enforced financial regulations (2008)

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

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Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.