Found footage (film technique)
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Found footage is a cinematic technique in which all or a substantial part of the work is presented as if it were film or video recordings recorded by characters in the story, and later "found" and presented to the audience. The events on screen are typically seen through the camera of one or more of the characters involved, often accompanied by their real-time, off-camera commentary. For added realism, the cinematography may be done by the actors themselves as they perform, and shaky camera work and naturalistic acting are routinely employed. The footage may be presented as if it were "raw" and complete or as if it had been edited into a narrative by those who "found" it.
The most common use of the technique is in horror films, such as The Blair Witch Project, Cannibal Holocaust, Paranormal Activity, Diary of the Dead, Rec, Cloverfield, Trollhunter, V/H/S, and Incantation, in which the footage is purported to be the only surviving record of the events, with the participants now missing or dead. It has also been used in science fiction (e.g., Chronicle, District 9, Project Almanac, Europa Report), drama (e.g., Zero Day, Exhibit A), comedy (e.g., Project X), mystery (e.g., Searching), family (e.g., Earth to Echo), experimental arthouse (e.g., The Connection, The Outwaters, Masking Threshold), and war films (e.g., 84C MoPic).
Although found footage was originally the name of an entirely different genre, it is now frequently used to describe pseudo-documentaries crafted with this narrative technique (e.g. Lake Mungo, Noroi: The Curse) and screenlife films (e.g. Unfriended, Searching). The film magazine Variety has, for example, used the term "faux found-footage film" to describe some titles. Film scholar David Bordwell criticizes this recent usage, arguing that it sows confusion, and instead prefers the term "discovered footage" for the narrative gimmick.[1]
Characteristics
[edit]Found-footage films typically employ one or more of six cinematic techniques—first-person perspective, pseudo-documentary, mockumentary, news footage, surveillance footage, or screenlife —according to an analysis of 500 found-footage films conducted by Found Footage Critic.[2]
History
[edit]As a storytelling technique, found footage has precedents in literature, particularly in the epistolary novel, which typically consists of either correspondence or diary entries, purportedly written by a character central to the events. Like found footage, the epistolary technique has often been employed in horror fiction: both Dracula and Frankenstein are epistolary novels, as is The Call of Cthulhu by H. P. Lovecraft.
In filmmaking, the 1980 cult horror feature Cannibal Holocaust is often claimed to be the first example of found footage.[3] However, Shirley Clarke's arthouse film The Connection (1961) and the Orson Welles directed The Other Side of the Wind, a found footage movie shot in the early 1970s but released in 2018, predate Cannibal Holocaust.[4] America's Deadliest Home Video (1991), remains a potent use of the format as well as an unsung groundbreaker in the found-footage field - an ahead-of-its-time application of the vérité-video form to the horror/crime genre.[5] The device was popularised by The Blair Witch Project (1999).[6] Found footage has since been used in other commercially successful films, including Paranormal Activity (2007), REC (2007), Cloverfield (2008) and Chronicle (2012).[7] Reviewing V/H/S for The A.V. Club, Scott Tobias notes that the genre "has since become to the '00s and '10s what slasher movies were to the '80s."[8]
The genre appeals to film producers because of its lower cost, as it is believed the illusion of amateur documentary style allows lower production values than would be accepted on a conventional film.
Writer-director Christopher B. Landon, who has made several found footage horror films, posits that the genre is likely to extend in the future outside horror.[9]
Examples
[edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2023) |
Films
[edit]The following entries are notable films in the found footage genre, though some were only partially made in that style.
Title | Release year | Director(s) | Production company | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
The Connection | 1961 | Shirley Clarke | The Connection Company | |
Coming Apart | 1969 | Milton Moses Ginsberg | Kaleidoscope Films | |
Cannibal Holocaust | 1980 | Ruggero Deodato | F.D. Cinematografica | |
Special Bulletin | 1983 | Edward Zwick | Ohlmeyer Communications Company | |
Guinea Pig: Devil's Experiment | 1985 | Satoru Ogura | Sai Enterprise | |
UFO Abduction | 1989 | Dean Alioto | IndieSyndicate Productions | |
84C MoPic | 1989 | Patrick Sheane Duncan | New Century Vista Film Company | |
America's Deadliest Home Video | 1991 | Jack Perez | Randum Film Group | |
Man Bites Dog | 1993 | Rémy Belvaux André Bonzel Benoît Poelvoorde |
Les Artistes Anonymes | |
Forgotten Silver | 1995 | Peter Jackson | WingNut Films | |
Little Sister | 1995 | Robert Jan Westdijk | Grote Broer Filmwerken CV | |
Alien Abduction: Incident in Lake County | 1998 | Dean Alioto | Dick Clark Productions | |
The Last Broadcast | 1998 | Stefan Avalos Lance Weiler |
FFM Productions | |
The Blair Witch Project | 1999 | Daniel Myrick Eduardo Sánchez |
Haxan Films | |
The St. Francisville Experiment | 2000 | Ted Nicolaou | The Kushner-Locke Company | |
Gang Tapes | 2001 | Adam Ripp | Lionsgate | |
August Underground | 2001 | Fred Vogel | Absu Films Toetag Pictures |
|
The Collingswood Story | 2002 | Mike Costanza | Cinerebel Media | |
August Underground's Mordum | 2003 | Fred Vogel Killjoy Cristie Whiles Jerami Cruise Michael T. Schneider |
Toetag Pictures | |
The Great American Snuff Film | 2003 | Sean Tretta | Ominous Productions | |
The Last Horror Movie | 2003 | Julian Richards | Prolific Films Snakehair Productions |
|
Zero Day | 2003 | Ben Coccio | Professor Bright Films | |
Incident at Loch Ness | 2004 | Zak Penn | Eden Rock Media | |
September Tapes | 2004 | Christian Johnston | Complex Films Raz Productions Raz Entertainment Persistent Entertainment |
|
Noroi: The Curse | 2005 | Kōji Shiraishi | Xanadeux Company | |
Alone with Her | 2006 | Eric Nicholas | Pin Hole Productions LLC The Weinstein Company |
|
The Zombie Diaries | 2006 | Kevin Gates Michael Bartlett |
Off World Films Bleeding Edge Films |
|
State's Evidence | 2006 | Benjamin Louis | Terra Entertainment | |
The Hunt | 2007 | Fritz Kiersch | Graymark Productions Azisa Pictures |
|
Welcome to the Jungle | 2007 | Jonathan Hensleigh | Steelbridge Film Works Bauer Martinez Studios Valhalla Motion Pictures |
|
The Poughkeepsie Tapes | 2007 | John Erick Dowdle | Brothers Dowdle Productions Poughkeepsie Films |
|
August Underground's Penance | 2007 | Fred Vogel | Toetag Pictures | |
Redacted | 2007 | Brian De Palma | Magnolia Pictures | |
Long Pigs | 2007 | Chris Power | Clowns After Midnight Productions Jordan Entertainment Chris Bridges Effects Studio |
|
Head Case | 2007 | Anthony Spadaccini | Fleet Street Films B.P.A. Productions Group, Inc. |
|
Exhibit A | 2007 | Dom Rotheroe | Warp Films | |
Paranormal Activity | 2007 | Oren Peli | Blumhouse Productions | |
Death of a Ghost Hunter | 2007 | Sean Tretta | Ominous Productions | |
Live! | 2007 | Bill Guttentag | Atlas Entertainment | |
Rec | 2007 | Jaume Balagueró Paco Plaza |
Castelao Producciones Filmax |
|
Look | 2007 | Adam Rifkin | Captured Films | |
Monster | 2008 | Erik Estenberg | The Asylum | |
Cloverfield | 2008 | Matt Reeves | Bad Robot | |
Diary of the Dead | 2008 | George A. Romero | Artfire Films Romero-Grunwald Productions |
|
Lake Mungo | 2008 | Joel Anderson | Screen Australia | |
Home Movie | 2008 | Christopher Denham | Modernciné | |
Bryan Loves You | 2008 | Seth Landau | Seth Landau | |
Quarantine | 2008 | John Erick Dowdle | Vertigo Entertainment Andale Pictures Filmax Entertainment |
|
No Through Road | 2009 | Steven Chamberlain | [10][11] | |
Occult | 2009 | Kōji Shiraishi | Image Rings Creative Axa Company Ltd. |
|
Evil Things | 2009 | Dominic Perez | Go Show Media | |
District 9 | 2009 | Neill Blomkamp | QED International WingNut Films |
|
The Ritual | 2009 | Anthony Spadaccini | Fleet Street Films B.P.A. Productions Group, Inc. |
|
Trash Humpers | 2009 | Harmony Korine | Alcove Entertainment Warp Films O' Salvation |
|
Rec 2 | 2009 | Jaume Balagueró Paco Plaza |
Castelao Producciones Filmax |
|
Murder Collection V.1 | 2009 | Fred Vogel | Toetag Pictures | [12] |
Paranormal Entity | 2009 | Shane Van Dyke | The Asylum | |
Bachiatari Bōryoku Ningen | 2010 | Kōji Shiraishi | Creative AXA | |
Lunopolis | 2010 | Matthew Avant | Media Savant | |
Love Sex aur Dhokha | 2010 | Dibakar Banerjee | Freshwater Films | |
Eyes in the Dark | 2010 | Bjorn Anderson | Emerald City Pictures | |
Hotel Hollywood | 2010 | Param Gill | G S Productions | |
Shirome | 2010 | Kōji Shiraishi | Stardust Promotion Shirome Project Partners |
|
The Last Exorcism | 2010 | Daniel Stamm | Strike Entertainment StudioCanal Arcade Pictures |
|
Undocumented | 2010 | Chris Peckover | Sheperd Glen Productions | |
The Virginity Hit | 2010 | Huck Botko & Andrew Gurland | Gary Sanchez Productions | |
8213: Gacy House | 2010 | Anthony Fankhauser | The Asylum | |
Atrocious | 2010 | Fernando Barreda Luna | Nabu Films Silencio Rodamos Programa Ibermedia |
|
Paranormal Activity 2 | 2010 | Tod Williams | Blumhouse Productions | |
Trollhunter | 2010 | André Øvredal | Filmkameratene A/S Film Fund FUZZ |
|
Unaware | 2010 | Sean Bardin Robert Cooley |
Cooley Productions | |
Paranormal Activity 2: Tokyo Night | 2010 | Toshikazu Nagae | Presidio Corporation | |
Anneliese: The Exorcist Tapes | 2011 | Jude Gerard Prest | The Asylum | |
Doc. 33 | 2011 | Giacomo Gabrielli | Filmart Pictures Giacomo Gabrielli Films |
|
The Tunnel | 2011 | Carlo Ledesma | DLSHS Film Distracted Media Zapruder's Other Films |
|
Megan Is Missing | 2011 | Michael Goi | Trio Pictures | |
Grave Encounters | 2011 | The Vicious Brothers | Twin Engine Films | |
World of the Dead: The Zombie Diaries 2 | 2011 | Kevin Gates Michael Bartlett |
Off World Films Bleeding Edge Films Straightwire Films |
|
Hollow | 2011 | Michael Axelgaard | Hollow Pictures Tribeca Film |
|
Untitled | 2011 | Shaun Troke | Shaunywa Films | |
Apollo 18 | 2011 | Gonzalo López-Gallego | Bazelevs | |
The Tapes | 2011 | Scott Bates Lee Alliston |
Darkside Pictures Pure Film Productions | |
Paranormal Activity 3 | 2011 | Henry Joost Ariel Schulman |
Blumhouse | |
The Amityville Haunting | 2011 | Geoff Meed | The Asylum Taut Productions |
|
Chō Akunin | 2011 | Kōji Shiraishi | Tokyo Raiders | |
The Devil Inside | 2012 | William Brent Bell | Insurge Pictures | |
V/H/S | 2012 | Ti West Joe Swanberg David Buckner Adam Wingard Glenn McQuaid |
Radio Silence Productions The Collective Bloody Disgusting |
|
Chronicle | 2012 | Josh Trank | Davis Entertainment | |
Project X | 2012 | Nima Nourizadeh | Silver Pictures Green Hat Films |
|
Evidence | 2012 | Howie Askins | RynoRyder Productions | |
Hate Crime | 2012 | James Cullen Bressack | Psykik Junky Pictures | |
Apartment 143 | 2012 | Carles Torrens | Werc Werk Works Kasdan Pictures Likely Story |
|
100 Ghost Street: The Return of Richard Speck | 2012 | Martin Anderson | The Asylum | |
The Dinosaur Project | 2012 | Sid Bennett | Moonlighting Films | |
Shopping Tour | 2012 | Michael Brashinsky | Duty-Free Productions | [13] |
A Night in the Woods | 2012 | Richard Parry | Vertigo Films | |
End of Watch | 2012 | David Ayer | StudioCanal | |
The Conspiracy | 2012 | Christopher MacBride | Resolute Films and Entertainment | |
Grave Encounters 2 | 2012 | John Poliquin | Arclight Films | |
Paranormal Activity 4 | 2012 | Henry Joost Ariel Schulman |
Room 101 | |
The Bay | 2012 | Barry Levinson | Lionsgate | |
A Haunted House | 2013 | Michael Tiddes | Open Road Films | |
The Upper Footage | 2013 | Justin Cole | ||
Dabbe: Curse of the Jinn | 2013 | Hasan Karacadağ | Hasan Karacadağ | |
Devil's Pass | 2013 | Renny Harlin | Aldamisa Entertainment Non-Stop Productions Midnight Sun Pictures K. Jam Media |
|
The Frankenstein Theory | 2013 | Andrew Weiner | Rocket Inner Station Therapy Content Arctic Film Group |
|
Cult | 2013 | Kōji Shiraishi | ||
Willow Creek | 2013 | Bobcat Goldthwait | Jerkschool Productions | |
V/H/S/2 | 2013 | Simon Barrett Jason Eisener Gareth Evans Gregg Hale Eduardo Sánchez Timo Tjahjanto Adam Wingard |
The Collective Bloody Disgusting 8383 Productions Snoot Entertainment Haxan Films Yer Dead Productions |
|
Europa Report | 2013 | Sebastián Cordero | Wayfare Entertainment Ventures | |
The Borderlands | 2013 | Elliot Goldner | Metrodome Distribution | |
The Paranormal Diaries: Clophill | 2013 | Kevin Gates Michael Bartlett |
Second Sight Films | |
Head Cases: Serial Killers in the Delaware Valley | 2013 | Anthony Spadaccini | Fleet Street Films B.P.A. Productions Group, Inc. |
|
The Dirties | 2013 | Matt Johnson | SModcast Pictures | |
Frankenstein's Army | 2013 | Richard Raaphorst | Dark Sky Films Pellicola XYZ Films |
|
Sx Tape | 2013 | Bernard Rose | Aeroplano La.Lune Entertainment |
|
Hooked Up | 2013 | Pablo Larcuen | Uncork'd Entertainment | |
WNUF Halloween Special | 2013 | Chris LaMartina James Branscome Shawn Jones Scott Maccubbin Lonnie Martin Matthew Menter Andy Schoeb |
Midnight Crew Studios | |
Skinwalker Ranch | 2013 | Devin McGinn Steve Berg |
DeepStudios | |
6-5=2 | 2013 | KS Ashoka | Swarnalatha Production | [14] |
Best Night Ever | 2013 | Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer | Magnet Releasing | |
Paranormal Activity: The Marked Ones | 2014 | Christopher Landon | Paramount Pictures | |
Devil's Due | 2014 | Matt Bettinelli-Olpin Tyler Gillett |
Davis Entertainment Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation |
|
Black Water Vampire | 2014 | Evan Tramel | BWV Productions Ruthless Pictures |
|
Exists | 2014 | Eduardo Sánchez | Lionsgate Haxan Films Court Five |
|
Open Windows | 2014 | Nacho Vigalondo | Antena 3 Films Apaches Entertainment Spiderwood Studios Wild Bunch SpectreVision |
|
The Den | 2014 | Zachary Donohue | Cliffbrook Films Onset Films |
|
Afflicted | 2014 | Derek Lee Clif Prowse |
Automatik Entertainment Téléfilm Canada |
|
Babysitting | 2014 | Nicolas Benamou Philippe Lacheau |
Axel Films Madame Films Cinéfrance 1888 Good Lap Production |
|
A Haunted House 2 | 2014 | Michael Tiddes | IM Global Octane Wayans Bros. Entertainment Baby Way Productions |
|
The Sacrament | 2014 | Ti West | Worldview Entertainment Arcade Pictures |
|
Alien Abduction | 2014 | Matty Beckerman | Exclusive Media Group Big Picture Next Entertainment Lawrence Bender Productions Mob Scene Creative Productions |
|
Inner Demons | 2014 | Seth Grossman | Schorr Pictures | |
Earth to Echo | 2014 | Dave Green | Relativity Media | |
Into the Storm | 2014 | Steven Quale | New Line Cinema Village Roadshow Pictures |
|
The Possession of Michael King | 2014 | David Jung | Gold Circle Films Quickfire Films |
|
As Above, So Below | 2014 | John Erick Dowdle | Universal Pictures Legendary Pictures |
|
The Hunted | 2014 | Josh Stewart | Fortress Features Allegheny Image Factory |
|
Gore, Quebec | 2014 | Jean Benoit Lauzon | Green Lake Films | [15] |
The Taking of Deborah Logan | 2014 | Adam Robitel | Eagle Films Millennium Entertainment |
|
Hangar 10 | 2014 | Daniel Simpson | Newscope Films | |
V/H/S: Viral | 2014 | Nacho Vigalondo Marcel Sarmiento Gregg Bishop Justin Benson Todd Lincoln |
Bloody Disgusting The Collective Haxan Films |
|
The Pyramid | 2014 | Grégory Levasseur | Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation | |
The Atticus Institute | 2015 | Chris Sparling | SND Groupe M6 | |
Project Almanac | 2015 | Dean Israelite | Insurge Pictures Platinum Dunes MTV Films |
|
Creep | 2015 | Patrick Brice | Blumhouse Productions | |
Nightlight | 2015 | Scott Beck, Bryan Woods | Herrick Entertainment | [16] |
The Final Project | 2015 | Taylor Ri'chard | Cavu Pictures | [17] |
Unfriended | 2015 | Levan Gabriadze | Universal Studios Blumhouse Productions |
|
Area 51 | 2015 | Oren Peli | Paramount Pictures | |
The Phoenix Incident | 2015 | Keith Arem | PCB Productions | |
The Cutting Room | 2015 | Warren Dudley | Itchy Fish Film | |
The Gallows | 2015 | Travis Cluff, Chris Lofing | New Line Cinema Blumhouse Productions Management 360 Tremendum Pictures |
|
JeruZalem | 2015 | Doron Paz Yoav Paz |
Universal Pictures | |
The Visit | 2015 | M. Night Shyamalan | Blinding Edge Pictures Blumhouse Productions Universal Pictures |
|
Hell House LLC | 2015 | Stephen Cognetti | Cognetti Films | |
Paranormal Activity: The Ghost Dimension | 2015 | Gregory Plotkin | Paramount Pictures | |
Unlisted Owner | 2016 | Jed Brian | Lawford County Productions | |
Aksbandh | 2016 | Emran Hussain | Cinematic Media | |
Population Zero | 2016 | Adam Levins | A71 Entertainment | |
Operation Avalanche | 2016 | Matt Johnson | Vice Films | |
Blair Witch | 2016 | Adam Wingard | Lionsgate Pictures | |
Be My Cat: A Film for Anne | 2016 | Adrian Țofei | Adrian Țofei | |
The Lost Case | 2017 | Chayan Itthijatuporn | Kantana Group | |
The Dark Tapes | 2017 | Michael McQuown | Epic Pictures Group | |
Phoenix Forgotten | 2017 | Justin Barber | Cinelou Films Scott Free Productions |
|
#FromJennifer | 2017 | Frank Merle | Lone Morsel Productions | |
Found Footage 3D | 2017 | Steven DeGennaro | The Ubiquitous Studio 42 | |
Creep 2 | 2017 | Patrick Brice | Blumhouse Productions Netflix |
|
One Cut of the Dead | 2017 | Shin'ichirō Ueda | Enbu Seminar | |
Unfriended: Dark Web | 2018 | Stephen Susco | BH Productions Universal Studios |
|
Gonjiam: Haunted Asylum | 2018 | Jung Bum-shik | Hive Mediacorp | |
The Devil's Doorway | 2018 | Aislinn Clarke | 23ten | |
The Other Side of the Wind | 2018 | Orson Welles | Royal Road Entertainment | |
Searching | 2018 | Aneesh Chaganty | Bazelevs Company Screen Gems Stage 6 Films |
|
Insanity | 2020 | Miska Kajanus | Piilo Productions Black Lion Pictures |
[18] |
Hacksaw | 2020 | Anthony Leone | Leone Films | |
Host | 2020 | Rob Savage | Shadowhouse Films Shudder |
|
Spree | 2020 | Eugene Kotlyarenko | RLJE Films | |
Scary Stories: Dark Web | 2020 | Bryan Renaud | Random Acts | |
The Widow | 2020 | Ivan Minin | QS Films | |
The Medium | 2021 | Banjong Pisanthanakun | GDH 559 Showbox |
|
Vazhiye | 2021 | Nirmal Baby Varghese | Casablanca Film Factory | |
Fresh Hell | 2021 | Ryan Imhoff Matt Neal |
Purr Boy Productions | |
V/H/S/94 | 2021 | Jennifer Reeder Chloe Okuno Simon Barrett Timo Tjahjanto Ryan Prows |
Radio Silence Productions Bloody Disgusting Films Shudder Original Films Cinepocalypse Productions Studio71 Raven Banner Entertainment |
|
Dwellers | 2021 | Drew Fortier | Ellefson Films | |
Paranormal Activity: Next of Kin | 2021 | William Eubank | Paramount Pictures | |
Dashcam | 2021 | Rob Savage | Blumhouse Productions | |
Masking Threshold | 2021 | Johannes Grenzfurthner | Monochrom | |
Incantation | 2022 | Kevin Ko | ||
The Outwaters | 2022 | Robbie Banfitch | 5100 Films Fathom Film Company |
[19][20] |
LOLA | 2022 | Andrew Legge | Cowtown Pictures | |
Everybody Dies by the End | 2022 | Ian Tripp Ryan Schafer |
Children of Celluoid | |
Deadstream | 2022 | Joseph Hunter | Winterspectre Entertainment Cook Filmworks Stonehaven Entertainment |
|
V/H/S/99 | 2022 | Johannes Roberts Vanessa & Joseph Winter Maggie Levin Tyler MacIntyre Flying Lotus |
Bloody Disgusting Soapbox Films Cinepocalypse Productions Radio Silence Productions Studio71 Shudder Original Films |
|
Blue Hour: The Disappearance of Nick Brandreth | 2023 | Dan Bowhers | Glass House Distribution | |
V/H/S/85 | 2023 | David Bruckner Scott Derrickson Gigi Saul Guerrero Natasha Kermani Mike P. Nelson |
Bloody Disgusting Cinepocalypse Productions Radio Silence Productions Studio71 Shudder Original Films |
|
Razzennest | 2022 | Johannes Grenzfurthner | Monochrom | |
Invoking Yell | 2023 | Patricio Valladares | Welcome Villain | |
Missing | 2023 | Will Merrick Nick Johnson |
Stage 6 Films Screen Gems Bazelevs Company Search Party Productions |
|
Hostile Dimensions | 2023 | Graham Hughes | Enlightened Monster | |
Solvent | 2024 | Johannes Grenzfurthner | Monochrom | |
V/H/S/Beyond | 2024 | Jordan Downey Christian Long Justin Long Justin Martinez Virat Pal Kate Siegel Jay Cheel |
Bloody Disgusting Cinepocalypse Productions Radio Silence Productions Studio71 Shudder Original Films |
TV series, made-for-TV specials and TV episodes
[edit]- Alternative 3 (1977)
- Alien Autopsy: (Fact or Fiction?) (1995)
- Alien Abduction: Incident in Lake County (1998) – UPN aired a 60-minute version with more interviews
- Godzilla: The Series, episode: "S.C.A.L.E." (2000). Though animated, the episode has no background music and alternates between footage from various security cameras.
- Jeopardy (2002) (BBC series)
- Ed, Edd n Eddy, episode: "An Ed is Born". In this episode where Eddy decides to make a home movie of himself to show his brother how 'grown up' he has become by using Ed's video camera. (2002)[note 1]
- The Comeback (2003) (series)
- Flag (2006)
- Lost Tapes (2008–2010) (series)
- Marble Hornets (2009–2014) (YouTube series)
- The River (2012) (series)
- The Simpsons, episode: Treehouse of Horror XXIII (2012). The 2nd segment "Unnormal Activity" is a parody of the Paranormal Activity franchise.
- Ultimate Spider-Man, episode: "Exclusive" (2012)[note 1]
- Lassie Jerky, an episode of Psych that was partially filmed as found footage (2013)
- Sleep No More, the ninth episode of Doctor Who Series 9 (2015)
- American Horror Story: Roanoke (2016) (FX series)
- Steven Universe, episode: "The Big Show" (2018)[note 1]
- Inside No. 9, episode: "Cold Comfort". A story about a call centre, told through the CCTV camera. (2018)
- Clarence, episode: "Clarence The Movie" (2018)[note 1]
- Succession: Main title theme (2018–2023) (HBO series)
Music videos
[edit]- "Drag the Waters" by Pantera (1996)
- "Babalon A.D." by Cradle of Filth (2003)
- "Decency Defied" by Cannibal Corpse (2004)
- "Walk with Me in Hell" by Lamb of God (2006)
- "Dull Boy" by Mudvayne (2007)
- "Beauty and a Beat" by Justin Bieber ft. Nicki Minaj (2012)
- "I Need Your Love" by Calvin Harris ft. Ellie Goulding (2012)
- "Run on Love" by Tove Lo ft. Lucas Nord (2013)
- "One Last Time" by Ariana Grande (2015)
- "Photograph" by Ed Sheeran (2015)
- "Run Away with Me" by Carly Rae Jepsen (2015)
- "All Night" by The Vamps (2016)
- "All We Know" by The Chainsmokers ft. Phoebe Ryan (2016)
- "Galway Girl" by Ed Sheeran (2017)
- "What Lovers Do" (Lyric Video) by Maroon 5 ft. SZA (2017)
- "Christmas Tree Farm" by Taylor Swift (2019)
- "Nobody's Love" by Maroon 5 (2020)
- "Glimpse of Us" by Joji (2022)
Web series
[edit]- Backrooms (2022–present)
- Ben Drowned (2010–2012; 2020)
- Local 58 (2015–present)
- Petscop (2017–2019)
- No Through Road (2009–2012)
- Marble Hornets (2009–2014)
- The Mandela Catalogue (2021–present)
- Gemini Home Entertainment (2019–present)
See also
[edit]- Analog horror
- Cinéma vérité
- Epistolary novel
- Fictional book
- Hoax
- Mockumentary
- Pseudo-documentary
- Screenlife
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Bordwell, David (13 November 2012). "Return to Paranormalcy". davidbordwell.net. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
- ^ "Found Footage Film Genre – Found Footage Critic". Found Footage Critic. Found Footage Critic [Michael Steinberg]. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
- ^ "Visual Trends: A History of the Found Footage Genre". Videomaker. 26 June 2012. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
- ^ McBride, Joseph (2017-03-17). "Before the Beginning and After the End: An Insider's Look at the Saga of 'The Other Side of the Wind'". Wellesnet | Orson Welles Web Resource. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
- ^ Editorial: DVD Review: America's Deadliest HomeVideo - Fangoria
- ^ Eggertsen, Chris. "From 'Blair Witch' to 'Project Almanac': A history of the found footage genre". Hitflix. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ^ "Editorial: An Apologist's Rant: In Defense of Found Footage". Dread Central. Retrieved 2012-04-27.
- ^ Tobias, Scott (4 October 2012). "V/H/S". AV Club. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ^ Topel, Fred. "Christopher Landon interview". Crave. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
- ^ Peters, Lucia (November 16, 2020). "The Weird Part Of YouTube: The Making Of "No Through Road" And The Power Of Unanswered Questions". The Ghost in My Machine. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
- ^ Kok, Nestor (March 18, 2022). "Ghosts in the Machine: Trick-Editing, Time Loops, and Terror in "No Through Road"". F Newsmagazine. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
- ^ Alexandra Heller-Nicholas (2014). Found Footage Horror Films: Fear and the Appearance of Reality. McFarland & Company. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-7864-7077-8. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
- ^ Lê, Paul (10 August 2021). "Cannibals and Midsummer in Russian-Finnish Found Footage Movie 'Shopping Tour' [Horrors Elsewhere]". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
- ^ 6-5=27.140 personen vinden dit leuk · 544 praten hierover. "6-5=2". Facebook. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Brownridge, William (13 November 2014). "Review: Gore, Quebec". thetfs.ca. Toronto Film Scene. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
- ^ "Nightlight Trailer Flickers On – Dread Central". www.dreadcentral.com. 17 February 2015.
- ^ Fuelier, Herman (2015-04-15). "Church Point native directs horror film in local setting". The Daily Advertiser. Retrieved 2016-02-20.
- ^ "Vihanpidot" (in Finnish). Finnkino. Retrieved 2022-07-18.
- ^ Ramachandran, Naman (September 26, 2022). "Cinedigm Takes North American Rights to Found Footage Horror 'The Outwaters' (Exclusive)". Variety. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
- ^ Detwiler, Grace (February 1, 2023). "Movie Review: Cosmic Horror and Found-Footage Collide in "The Outwaters"". Rue Morgue. Retrieved February 1, 2023.