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Frankfurt Airport

Coordinates: 50°02′00″N 8°34′14″E / 50.03333°N 8.57056°E / 50.03333; 8.57056
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For other uses, see Frankfurt Airport (disambiguation).

Frankfurt Airport
Flughafen Frankfurt Main
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorFraport
ServesFrankfurt Rhine-Main
LocationFrankfurt, Hesse
Opened8 July 1936; 89 years ago (1936-07-08)
Hub for
Operating base for
Elevation AMSL364 ft / 111 m
Coordinates50°02′00″N 8°34′14″E / 50.03333°N 8.57056°E / 50.03333; 8.57056
Websitewww.frankfurt-airport.com
Maps
FRA/EDDF is located in Germany
FRA/EDDF
FRA/EDDF
Location within Germany
FRA/EDDF is located in Europe
FRA/EDDF
FRA/EDDF
FRA/EDDF (Europe)
Map
Interactive map of Frankfurt Airport
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
07L/25RA 2,800 9,240 Concrete
07C/25C 4,000 13,123 Asphalt
07R/25L 4,000 13,123 Asphalt
18B 4,000 13,123 Concrete
Statistics (2024)
Passengers61,564,957
Cargo (t)1,931,296
Aircraft movements430,436
Economic impact (2016)$22.3 billion[1]
Sources: Traffic, ADV,[2]
AIP at German air traffic control.[3][4]
A: ^ used for landings only
B:^ used for take-offs in one direction only[5]

Frankfurt Airport (German: Flughafen Frankfurt Main [ˈfluːkhaːfn̩ ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁt ˈmaɪn]) (IATA: FRA, ICAO: EDDF) is Germany's busiest international airport by passenger numbers,[6] located in Frankfurt, Germany's fifth-largest city. Its official name according to the German Aeronautical Information Publication is Frankfurt Main Airport.[7] The airport is operated by Fraport and serves as the main hub for Lufthansa, including Lufthansa City Airlines, Lufthansa CityLine, Discover Airlines and Lufthansa Cargo as well as Condor and AeroLogic. It covers an area of 2,300 hectares (5,683 acres) of land[8] and features two passenger terminals with capacity for approximately 65 million passengers per year; four runways; and extensive logistics and maintenance facilities.

Frankfurt Airport is the busiest airport by passenger traffic in Germany as well as the 6th busiest in Europe after Istanbul, London–Heathrow, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport. The airport is also the 22nd busiest worldwide by total number of passengers in 2024,[9] with 61,564,957 passengers using the airport in 2024. It also had a freight throughput of 2.076 million tonnes in 2015 and is the busiest airport in Europe by cargo traffic. As of 2022, Frankfurt Airport serves 330 destinations on five continents, making it the airport with the most direct routes in the world.[10]

The southern side of the airport ground was home to the Rhein-Main Air Base, which served as a major air base for the United States from 1947 until its closure on 31 December 2005. The US personnel moved to Ramstein Air Base (extended from 2004 to 2006). The property was acquired by Fraport (now occupied by Terminal 3).

Location

[edit]

Frankfurt Airport lies 12 kilometres (7+1⁄2 miles) southwest of central Frankfurt,[3] near the Autobahn interchange Frankfurter Kreuz, where two of the most heavily used motorways in Europe (A3 and A5) meet. The airport grounds, which form a city district of Frankfurt named Frankfurt-Flughafen, are surrounded by the Frankfurt City Forest. The southern portion of the airport grounds extend partially into the towns of Rüsselsheim am Main and Mörfelden-Walldorf, and a western portion of the grounds lie within the town of Kelsterbach.[citation needed]

The airport is centrally located in the Frankfurt/Rhine-Main region, Germany's third-largest metropolitan region, which itself has a central location in the densely populated region of the west-central European megalopolis. Thereby, along with a strong rail and motorway connection, the airport serves as a major transport node for the greater region, less than two hours by ground to Cologne, the Ruhr Area, and Stuttgart.[citation needed]

History

[edit]

First airport

[edit]
Main article: Frankfurt-Rebstock Airfield
Frankfurt Airport in 1936, with one Ju 86, two Ju 52/3ms and one Fw 200 of Deutsche Lufthansa
Rhein-Main Air Base during the Berlin Airlift
Civil air traffic at Frankfurt Airport in 1951
Frankfurt Airport in 1983
A Garuda Indonesia Boeing 747-400 taxiing at Frankfurt Airport in 2000
Terminal 2

The Squaire

[edit]
Aerial view of the central airport buildings including The Squaire in the back

Since 2012, the people mover "The Squaire Metro" connects the Squaire with the nine-storey parking structure. On a length of about 300 metres the so-called MiniMetro system with its two cabins can carry up to 1,300 passengers per hour.[11] The constructor of the system was the Italian manufacturer Leitner Ropeways.

The fourth runway

[edit]

In 2012, the website Airport Watch reported weekly protests had been occurring at the airport since the opening of a fourth runway a year previously.[12]

Developments since 2011

[edit]

The new runway officially went into operation on 20 October 2011, with an aircraft carrying Chancellor Angela Merkel, performing the first landing on 21 October. The centre line separation from the existing north runway is about 1,400 m (4,593 ft). This allows simultaneous instrument landing system (ILS) operations on these two runways, which has not been possible on the other parallel runways, which do not meet the 3,500 feet (1,100 m) minimum separation for ILS operations.[13] This allowed the airport to increase its capacity from 83 to 126 aircraft movements per hour.[14][15]

On 11 October 2011, the Hessian Administration Court ruled that night flights between 11pm and 5am (the so-called Mediationsnacht) are no longer allowed at Frankfurt Airport after the inauguration of the new runway, and therefore overrode the approval from the Hessian government from 2007 which allowed 17 scheduled flights per night. On 4 April 2012, the German Administrative Court confirmed the decision of the Hessian Administration Court, banning night flights between 11pm and 5am.[16]

To handle the predicted passenger amount of about 90 million in 2020, a new terminal section adjacent to Terminal 1 for an additional six million passengers opened on 10 October 2012. It is called Flugsteig A-Plus and is exclusively used by Lufthansa mainly for their long-haul flights. Flugsteig A-Plus features eight parking positions that are able to handle four Airbus A380s or seven Boeing 747-8/747–400 simultaneously.[17]

In November 2016, Ryanair announced the opening of a new base at Frankfurt Airport with four routes to Spain and Portugal. This move by Ryanair was heavily blasted, especially by Lufthansa, as Ryanair was granted high discounts and incentives regarding the airport's fees.[18]

2011 shooting

[edit]
Main article: 2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting

Albanian citizen, Arid Uka, a 21 year old at the time, targeted a United States Air Force bus parked outside the terminal building that was supposed to transport fifteen U.S. airmen to Ramstein Air Base.[19] He reportedly walked up to a waiting airman, asked him for a cigarette, and wanted to know whether the airmen were bound for Afghanistan.[20] When the airman said yes, according to German prosecutor Rainer Griesbaum, Uka waited for the airman to turn away and then shot him in the back of the head, killing him. Shouting "Allahu Akbar!"[21][22] the attacker then entered the bus, shooting and killing the driver, and continued to fire three shots at two other airmen, wounding them.[20] When he pointed his pistol at the head of another airman and pulled the trigger, the weapon jammed. Uka fled, but was pursued by the civilian airport employee Lamar Joseph Conner and Staff Sergeant Trevor Donald Brewer and shortly afterwards overpowered by two German police officers.[23] He was subsequently arrested.[20]

COVID-19 pandemic

[edit]

Portions of the airport were closed in early 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Northwest Runway and Runway 18 West were closed on 23 March and re-purposed for parking unused aircraft. Terminal 2 was also closed, and all passenger operations were concentrated in Terminal 1. The Northwest Runway re-opened in July to handle summer tourist demand, while Runway 18 West remained closed.[24] With almost no passenger traffic in the spring months, Frankfurt's total passenger volume in 2020 fell to 18.8 million, the lowest figure recorded since 1984.[25]

Terminals

[edit]

Overview

[edit]

Frankfurt Airport features two large main passenger terminals (Terminals 1 and 2), with Terminal 3 under construction, as well as a much smaller dedicated First Class Terminal which is operated and exclusively used by Lufthansa. As is the case at London–Heathrow, Tokyo–Narita and other major airports, terminal operations are grouped for airlines and airline alliances rather than into domestic and international routes. However, there are dedicated sections for Schengen and non-Schengen routes.

Terminal Concourse Schengen gates Non-Schengen gates Location
1 1A A1-A42, A50-A69 Terminal 1, Western Concourse, lower departure level
1Z Z11-Z25, Z50-Z69 Terminal 1, Western Concourse, upper departure level
1B B1-B19
(inner area) 		B20-B63
(outer area) 		Terminal 1, central concourse
1C C1 C2-C20 Terminal 1, eastern concourse
2 2D D21-D44
(lower departure level) 		D1-D20/D50-D54
(upper departure level) 		Terminal 2, western concourse
2E E21-E26
(lower departure level) 		E2-E13
(upper departure level) 		Terminal 2, eastern concourse

Terminal 1

[edit]
Check-in concourse in Terminal 1
Airside area inside Terminal 1

Terminal 1 is the older and larger one of the two passenger terminals. The landside is 420 metres long. It has been enlarged several times and is divided into concourses A, B, C and Z and has a capacity of approximately 50 million passengers per year. Terminal 1 is functionally divided into three levels, the departures level on the upper floor with check-in counters, the arrivals level with baggage claim areas on the ground floor and, underneath, a distribution floor with access to the regional station and underground and multilevel parking. Departures and arrivals levels each have separate street approaches. A bus station is located at the arrivals level. Terminal 1 has a total of 103 gates, which include 54 gates equipped with jetways (25 in Concourse A, 18 in Concourse B, 11 in Concourse C). Concourse Z sits on top of Concourse A sharing the same jet bridges between both concourses. Flights to non-Schengen destinations depart from the Z gates and Schengen flights depart from the A gates.

Pier A was extended by 500 metres in 2000, and a link between Terminal 1 and Terminal 2, as well as the Hall C extension opened in 2008.[26]

On 10 October 2012, an 800-metre-long westward expansion of Terminal 1 called Pier A-Plus went into operation. It provides more stands for wide-body aircraft like the Airbus A380.[27]

Terminal 1 is primarily used by the Lufthansa Group and its Star Alliance partners, amongst them Air Canada, All Nippon Airways, Ethiopian Airlines and United Airlines. Some airlines that are not part of the Lufthansa Group or Star Alliance however also use Terminal 1, of which the largest is Condor (a former Lufthansa subsidiary). Since the secure gates for flights to Israel are located in Concourse C, Israeli flag carrier El Al also uses Terminal 1.[citation needed]

Terminal 2

[edit]
Landside main hall of Terminal 2

Terminal 2, which has a capacity of 15 million passengers a year, was opened in 1994 and is divided into concourses D and E. A continuous concourse between Terminal 1C and 2D provides direct but non-public access between the two terminals. It has eight gates with jetways and 34 apron stands, a total of 42 gates and is able to handle wide-body aircraft such as the Airbus A380.[citation needed]

Terminal 2 is primarily used by airlines of the oneworld (e.g. American Airlines and Cathay Pacific) and SkyTeam alliances (e.g. Delta Air Lines and Vietnam Airlines amongst others). It also used by several further airlines that do not belong to any of the three major airline alliances, including airBaltic, Emirates, Etihad Airways and Icelandair among others.[citation needed]

Fraport announced in late 2022 that Terminal 2 will be temporarily closed for refurbishment starting in 2026. All tenants are to be relocated into the then fully completed Terminal 3.[28]

Terminal 3 (under construction)

[edit]
Airport map with planned and already constructed expansions
Finished Concourse G of Terminal 3
Concourses 3J and 3H of Terminal 3 under construction

In 2009, the German government decided to create third terminals for both Frankfurt Airport and Munich Airport in order to handle expected passenger flows of 90 million in Frankfurt by 2020 and 50 million in Munich by 2017. The new terminal is scheduled to be built by Fraport, south of the existing terminals on the grounds of the former Rhein-Main Air Base. The new Terminal 3 is to accommodate up to 25 million passengers and will feature 75 new aircraft positions when completely constructed. An extension of the SkyLine people mover system is planned to connect the new terminal to Terminals 1 and 2 and the airport train stations.[citation needed]

In August 2014, the city of Frankfurt granted building permission for the first phase of Terminal 3.[29] The groundbreaking for the new terminal took place on 5 October 2015. Its first phase, consisting of the main building and two of the planned four piers (concourses 3H and 3J), is planned to open by 2026 and will be able to handle 15 million additional passengers per year. Total costs are estimated at 3 billion euros.[30]

In 2017, Frankfurt Airport first indicated that the second-phase construction of the easternmost pier (concourse 3G) could be moved forward so that low-cost carriers can use this pier from 2021.[31] After approval by municipal authorities in 2018,[32] the piers will be constructed and used according to the following timetable:[33]

In March 2021, Fraport announced that due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the opening of the new terminal had been postponed to 2026.[34]

Concourse 3G (easternmost pier for low-cost carriers):

Check-in area, concourses 3H and 3J (central piers): Construction is well under way for opening with 3G in 2026 including transport systems for visitors, passengers and luggage to the other terminals.

  • Concourse 3H is planned for Schengen flights
  • Concourse 3J is planned for non-Schengen flights[36]

Runways

[edit]

Frankfurt Airport has four runways of which three are arranged parallel in an east–west direction and one in a north–south direction. In 2010 three runways (Runways North, South and West) handled 464,432 aircraft movements, which equated to 83 movements per hour. With the start of operation of the Northwest Runway in October 2011 the airport was predicted to be able to handle 126 movements per hour.

During normal operation, the two outer parallel runways (07L/25R and 07R/25L) are used for landings and the central parallel runway (07C/25C) and the Runway West (18) for take-offs. The three parallel runways have two markings because they can be operated in two directions while the Runway West can only be used in one direction.

Direction (name) Length × width
in m (ft)		 Surface Orientation Inauguration Usage
07C/25C (Runway North) 4000 × 60 (13,123 × 197) Asphalt East-west 1936 Take-offs and landings
07R/25L (Runway South) 4000 × 45 (13,123 × 148) Asphalt East-west 1949 Take-offs and landings
18 (Runway West) 4000 × 45 (13,123 × 148) Concrete North-south 1984 Southbound take-offs only
07L/25R (Runway Northwest) 2800 × 45 (9,240 × 148) Concrete East-west 2011 Landings only (not certified for Airbus A380, Boeing 747 and MD-11)

Airlines and destinations

[edit]

Passenger

[edit]

Lufthansa and their Star Alliance partners account for the majority of all traffic at Frankfurt Airport.[37] The following airlines offer year-round and seasonal scheduled and charter flights at Frankfurt Airport:[38][39][40]

AirlinesDestinations
Aegean Airlines Athens, Thessaloniki
Seasonal: Heraklion
Aer Lingus Dublin
Air Algérie Algiers[41]
Air Astana Almaty, Astana, Oral
Air Cairo Hurghada, Sharm El Sheikh, Marsa Alam
Air Canada Montréal–Trudeau,[42] Toronto–Pearson[43]
Seasonal: Vancouver[44][45]
Air China Beijing–Capital,[46] Shanghai–Pudong[47]
Air Dolomiti[48] Amsterdam, Basel/Mulhouse, Billund, Birmingham,[48] Bordeaux, Florence, Graz, Katowice,[49] London–City, Luxembourg,[50] Lyon, Milan–Linate, Milan–Malpensa, Prague,[48] Trieste, Turin, Verona, Wrocław, Zurich
Seasonal: Biarritz, Bologna, Figari, Innsbruck, Pisa
Air Europa Madrid
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Air India Delhi,[51] Mumbai–Shivaji[52]
Air Serbia Belgrade
airBaltic Riga
AJet Ankara, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Seasonal: Antalya[53]
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda
American Airlines Charlotte,[54] Dallas/Fort Worth[55]
Asiana Airlines Seoul–Incheon[56][57]
Austrian Airlines Vienna
Azores Airlines Ponta Delgada[58]
British Airways London–City (ends 28 March 2026),[59] London–Heathrow[60]
Brussels Airlines Brussels[61]
Bulgaria Air Sofia[62]
Seasonal: Varna[63]
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong[64]
Centrum Air Tashkent (begins 30 March 2026)[65]
China Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan[66]
China Eastern Airlines Shanghai–Pudong
China Southern Airlines Changchun, Guangzhou, Shenyang
Condor[67] Abu Dhabi (begins 1 May 2026),[68] Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Barbados, Barcelona (begins 1 May 2026),[69] Berlin, Budapest (begins 1 May 2026),[69], Cairo (begins 7 May 2026)[70], Cancún, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Gran Canaria, Hamburg, Hurghada, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo,[71] Lanzarote, London–Gatwick (begins 1 April 2026),[72] Los Angeles,[73][74] Mauritius, Miami, Milan–Malpensa, Montego Bay, Munich,[75] New York–JFK,[73][74] Panama City–Tocumen (ends 18 April 2026)[76], Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Phuket, Prague, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Santo Domingo–Las Américas, Sanya, Seattle/Tacoma, Tbilisi (resumes 16 June 2026),[77] Tel Aviv (begins 11 May 2026),[78] Tenerife–South, Toronto–Pearson, Venice (begins 1 May 2026),[69] Vienna, Zurich
Seasonal: Agadir,[79] Anchorage, Antalya, Antigua,[80] Boston,[73] Calgary,[81] Cape Town, Chania, Corfu, Faro,[82] Giza,[83] Grenada, Heraklion, Ibiza, Jerez de la Frontera, Kalamata, Kavala, Kos, Lamezia Terme, La Palma, Larnaca, Las Vegas, Mahé, Málaga, Malé, Mombasa,[67] Olbia, Palma de Mallorca,[84] Portland (OR), Preveza/Lefkada, Rhodes, Rome–Fiumicino, Samos, San Francisco,[73] San José del Cabo, Split, Tobago, Vancouver, Yerevan, Zakynthos, Zanzibar[67]
Corendon Airlines Seasonal: Antalya, İzmir[better source needed]
Croatia Airlines Dubrovnik,[85] Split, Zagreb
Cubana de Aviación Havana, Holguin[86]
Delta Air Lines Atlanta,[87] Detroit,[88] New York–JFK[89]
Discover Airlines Bari,[90] Calgary, Fort Myers, Fuerteventura, Funchal,[90] Gran Canaria, Heraklion,[91] Hurghada,[92] Kittilä,[93][94] Lanzarote, Larnaca (begins 29 March 2026), Mahé, Marrakesh, Marsa Alam, Orlando, Oulu,[95] Philadelphia, Split, Tampa,[96] Tenerife–South, Windhoek–Hosea Kutako[97]
Seasonal: Ålesund,[98] Alta,[94][99] Antalya, Barbados, Barcelona, Bodrum, Brindisi (begins 2 June 2026), Burgas,[100] Cancún,[90] Chania,[91] Corfu,[91] Djerba,[91] Dubrovnik, Halifax, Harstad/Narvik,[101] Ibiza, Jerez de la Frontera, Kalamata, Kefalonia, Kilimanjaro, Kos,[91] La Palma, Las Vegas, Male, Mauritius, Menorca, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Mombasa, Monastir,[citation needed] Montpellier, Mykonos, Palma de Mallorca, Preveza/Lefkada, Pula, Punta Cana, Rhodes, Santorini, Shannon (begins 4 April 2026),[102] Skiathos, Varna,[91] Victoria Falls,[103] Zadar, Zakynthos, Zanzibar
Seasonal charter: La Romana
easyJet Milan–Linate, Rome–Fiumicino[104]
Egyptair Cairo[105]
El Al Tel Aviv[106]
Electra Airways Seasonal: Burgas, Varna[107]
Emirates Dubai–International[108]
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa[109]
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi[110]
Eurowings Pristina
Finnair Helsinki
FlyErbil[111] Erbil
FlyOne Bucharest–Otopeni (begins 11 May 2026)[112]
Gulf Air Bahrain[113]
HiSky Bucharest–Otopeni,[114] Chișinău[115]
Iberia Madrid
Icelandair Reykjavík–Keflavík[116]
Iraqi Airways Baghdad, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah
ITA Airways Rome–Fiumicino
Japan Airlines Tokyo–Narita[117]
KLM Amsterdam
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon[56]
Kuwait Airways Kuwait City[118]
LATAM Brasil São Paulo–Guarulhos[119]
LOT Polish Airlines Warsaw–Chopin
LEAV Aviation Seasonal: Antalya (begins 2 October 2026)[120], Palma de Mallorca (begins 3 October 2026)[121]
Lufthansa Abuja,[122] Algiers,[122] Alicante,[122] Almaty (resumes 29 March 2026), Amman–Queen Alia,[122] Amsterdam,[122] Astana (resumes 29 March 2026), Athens,[122] Atlanta,[122] Austin,[122] Baku,[122] Barcelona,[122] Basel/Mulhouse,[122] Beirut,[122] Belgrade,[122] Bengaluru,[122] Bergen,[122] Berlin,[122] Bilbao,[122] Billund,[122] Birmingham,[122] Bogotá,[122] Bologna,[122] Bordeaux,[122] Boston,[122] Bremen,[122] Brussels,[122] Bucharest–Otopeni,[122] Budapest,[122] Buenos Aires–Ezeiza,[122] Bydgoszcz,[122] Cairo,[122] Cape Town,[122] Casablanca,[122] Catania,[122] Chennai,[122] Chicago–O'Hare,[122] Chișinău,[123] Copenhagen,[122] Dallas/Fort Worth,[122] Dammam,[122] Delhi,[122] Denver,[122] Detroit,[122] Dresden,[122] Dubai–International,[122] Dublin,[122] Düsseldorf,[122] Edinburgh,[122] Erbil,[122] Faro,[122] Funchal,[122] Gdańsk,[122] Glasgow,[122] Gothenburg,[122] Graz,[122] Hamburg,[122] Hanover,[122] Helsinki,[122] Hong Kong,[122] Houston–Intercontinental,[122] Hyderabad,[124] Istanbul,[122] Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo,[122] Katowice,[122] Kraków,[122] Lagos,[122] Larnaca (ends 28 March 2026),[122] Leipzig/Halle,[122] Lisbon,[122] Ljubljana,[122] London–Heathrow,[122] Los Angeles,[122] Luanda,[122] Luxembourg,[122] Lyon,[122] Madrid,[122] Malabo,[122] Málaga,[122] Malta,[122] Manchester,[122] Marseille,[122] Mexico City,[122] Miami,[122] Milan–Linate,[122] Milan–Malpensa,[122] Mumbai–Shivaji,[122] Munich,[122] Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta,[122] Nantes,[122] Naples,[122] Newcastle upon Tyne,[122] New York–JFK,[122] Newark,[122] Nice,[122] Nuremberg,[122] Oslo,[122] Palermo,[122] Palma de Mallorca,[122] Paris–Charles de Gaulle,[122] Port Harcourt,[122] Porto,[122] Poznań,[122] Prague,[122] Raleigh/Durham,[125] Reykjavík–Keflavík,[122] Riga,[122] Rio de Janeiro–Galeão,[122] Riyadh,[122] Rome–Fiumicino,[122] Rzeszów,[122] Salzburg,[122] San Francisco,[122] San José (CR),[122] São Paulo–Guarulhos,[122] Sarajevo,[122] Seattle/Tacoma,[122] Seoul–Incheon,[122] Seville,[122] Shanghai–Pudong,[122] Singapore,[122] Skopje,[126] Sofia,[122] St. Louis,[127] Stavanger,[128] Stockholm–Arlanda,[122] Strasbourg,[122] Stuttgart,[122] Sylt,[122] Tallinn,[122] Tehran–Imam Khomeini,[129] Tel Aviv,[130] Tirana,[122] Tokyo–Haneda,[122] Toronto–Pearson,[122] Toulouse (ends 8 March 2026),[131] Tunis,[122] Valencia,[122] Vancouver,[122] Venice,[122] Vienna,[122] Vilnius,[122] Warsaw–Chopin,[122] Washington–Dulles,[122] Wrocław,[122] Yerevan,[122] Zagreb,[122] Zurich[122]
Seasonal: Asturias,[122] Bastia,[122] Biarritz,[122] Cagliari,[122] Cork,[132] Heraklion,[122] Heringsdorf,[133] Ibiza,[122] Ivalo,[122] Kos,[122] Kuusamo,[122] Lamezia Terme,[122] Montréal–Trudeau,[122] Olbia,[122] Ponta Delgada,[122] Pula,[122] Rijeka,[122] Rovaniemi,[122] Santiago de Compostela,[122] Thessaloniki,[122] Tivat,[122] Tromsø[122]
MIAT Mongolian Airlines Ulaanbaatar
Middle East Airlines Beirut
Nouvelair Djerba, Monastir, Tunis
Oman Air Muscat
Pegasus Airlines Ankara,[134] Antalya,[135] Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen[136]
Seasonal: İzmir
Qatar Airways Doha[137]
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca,[138] Nador
Royal Jordanian Amman–Queen Alia
Saudia Jeddah,[139] Riyadh[140]
Scandinavian Airlines Copenhagen,
Singapore Airlines New York–JFK,[141] Singapore[142]
Sky Express Athens[143]
SkyUp Airlines Chișinău
SriLankan Airlines Colombo–Bandaranaike[144]
SunExpress Adana/Mersin,[145] Ankara,[146] Antalya, Dalaman, Gaziantep, İzmir
Seasonal: Bodrum, Diyarbakır, Malatya, Samsun
Swiss International Air Lines Geneva, Zurich
T'way Air Seoul–Incheon[57]
TAP Air Portugal Lisbon
TAROM Bucharest–Otopeni
Thai Airways International Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi[147]
TUI fly Deutschland Boa Vista,[148] Fuerteventura,[148] Gran Canaria,[148] Hurghada,[148] Lanzarote,[148] Marsa Alam,[148] Sal,[148] Tenerife–North, Tenerife–South[148]
Seasonal: Corfu,[149] Dalaman,[149] Faro,[149] Funchal,[148] Heraklion,[149] Jerez de la Frontera,[149] Kos,[149] Larnaca,[148] Menorca,[149] Palma de Mallorca,[149] Patras,[149] Rhodes[149]
Tunisair Djerba,[150] Tunis[150]
Turkish Airlines Istanbul[151]
Turkmenistan Airlines Ashgabat[152]
United Airlines Chicago–O' Hare,[153] Denver,[153] Houston–Intercontinental,[153] Newark,[153] San Francisco,[153] Washington–Dulles[153]
Uzbekistan Airways Tashkent
Vietnam Airlines Hanoi,[154] Ho Chi Minh City[155]

Cargo

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
AeroLogic[156] Atlanta, Bahrain, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Singapore, Taipei–Taoyuan
Air Canada Cargo[157] Toronto–Pearson
Air China Cargo[158] Beijing–Capital, Chicago–O'Hare, Shanghai–Pudong
ANA Cargo[159] Tokyo–Narita
Asiana Cargo[160] Almaty, London–Stansted, Seoul–Incheon
Cathay Cargo[161] Delhi, Hong Kong
China Airlines Cargo[162] Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines[163] Shanghai–Pudong
China Southern Cargo[164] Guangzhou, Shenzhen
El Al Cargo Lublin,[citation needed] Tel Aviv[citation needed]
Emirates SkyCargo[165] Dubai–Al Maktoum, Dubai–International, Maastricht/Aachen, Mexico City
Etihad Cargo[166] Abu Dhabi, Chicago–O'Hare, Ezhou[167]
FedEx Express[168] Memphis, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Korean Air Cargo[169] London–Heathrow, Seoul–Incheon, Tel Aviv, Vienna
LATAM Cargo Brasil[170] São Paulo–Guarulhos
LATAM Cargo Chile[170] Campinas
Lufthansa Cargo[171] Aguadilla, Almaty, Amsterdam, Atlanta, Bahrain, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Bengaluru, Birmingham,[citation needed] Bogotá, Boston, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Cairo, Campinas, Casablanca,[citation needed] Chengdu–Tianfu, Chennai, Chicago–O'Hare, Chongqing, Cologne/Bonn, Curitiba, Dakar–Diass, Dallas/Fort Worth, Delhi, Dhaka, Dublin,[citation needed] Guadalajara, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Hyderabad, Istanbul, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Jeddah, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Katowice,[172] Kaunas, Larnaca, London–Heathrow,[citation needed] Los Angeles, Madrid,[citation needed] Manila, Manaus, Mexico City, Mexico City/AIFA,[173] Miami, Mumbai–Shivaji, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, New York–JFK, Novosibirsk, Osaka–Kansai, Quito, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão, Riyadh, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Shannon, Sharjah, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Taipei–Taoyuan,[citation needed] Tehran–Imam Khomeini, Tel Aviv,[174] Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson, Yerevan[citation needed]
Nippon Cargo Airlines Tokyo–Narita[175]
Royal Air Maroc Cargo[176] Casablanca
Saudia Cargo[177] Dammam, Riyadh
SF Airlines[178] Wuhan
Turkish Cargo[179] Istanbul

Other facilities

[edit]

CargoCity

[edit]

Frankfurt Airport is the second-largest multimodal transport airport in Europe and has several logistics facilities. These facilities are grouped at two areas

Airport City

[edit]

The airport ground and the surrounding area of Frankfurt Airport offer a large variety of on-airport businesses as well as airport-related businesses, including office space, hotels, shopping areas, conference rooms and car parks. The development of an airport city has significantly accelerated in recent years.[citation needed]

Frankfurt Airport Centres

[edit]
Frankfurt Airport Centre

The Frankfurt Airport Centre 1 (FAC 1) near Terminal 1 offers office and conference facilities, the newer FAC 2 is located within Terminal 2 and offers office space for airlines. FAC Building 234 accommodates the head office of Discover Airlines, previously named Eurowings Discover.[180]

Airport City Mall

[edit]

The Airport City Mall is located on the landside of Terminal 1, departure hall B. It offers national and international retailers and label stores, a supermarket and several restaurants.[citation needed]

The Squaire

[edit]
Main article: The Squaire
The Squaire

The Squaire is an office and retail building with a total floor area of 140,000 m2 (1,506,900 sq ft). It is directly connected to Terminal 1 through a connecting corridor for pedestrians. The accounting firm KPMG, Lufthansa and two Hilton Hotels (Hilton Garden Inn Frankfurt Airport [181] with 334 rooms and Hilton Frankfurt Airport with 249 rooms) occupy space in The Squaire.

Main Airport Centre

[edit]

The Main Airport Centre, named after the Main river, is an office building with ten floors and about 51,000 m2 (549,000 sq ft) of office space. It is located at the edge of the Frankfurt City Forest near Terminal 2.[citation needed]

Sheraton Hotel & Conference Centre

[edit]

Sheraton Hotels and Resorts offers 1,008 guest rooms adjacent to Terminal 1 and a conference centre for up to 200 delegates.[citation needed]

Gateway Gardens

[edit]

Gateway Gardens is a former housing area for the US Air Force personnel based at the Rhein-Main Air Base, close to Terminal 2. Like the air base, the housing area was closed in 2005. Since then the area is being developed into a business location for airport-related companies. Lufthansa moved its airline catering subsidiary LSG Sky Chefs to Gateway Gardens, Condor and SunExpress are headquartered here. DB Schenker, the logistics company of Deutsche Bahn, have built a 66 m (217 ft) high-rise building.[citation needed]

In December 2019, local trains were re-routed to run via Gateway Gardens station. The new stop for S-Bahn trains is located between Frankfurt Airport Regional Station and Frankfurt-Stadion station. The journey time will increase by 4 minutes but Deutsche Bahn have stated that they will use new trains (ET423) which will be faster and have more capacity.[182]

Further users

[edit]
Lufthansa Aviation Centre
  • Fraport's facilities are on the property of Frankfurt Airport.[183] Its head office building is by Gate 3.[184] The newly constructed[185] headquarters were inaugurated there in 2012.[186] The Fraport Driving School (Fraport Fahrschule) is in Building 501 of CargoCity South (CargoCity Süd).[187][188]
  • Lufthansa's corporate headquarters, where the board of directors is seated, is the Lufthansa Aviation Centre (LAC), Building 366 at Frankfurt Airport.[189][190][191] Several company departments, including Corporate Communications,[192] Investor Relations,[193] and Media Relations,[194] are based at the LAC. Lufthansa also uses several other buildings in the area, including the Lufthansa Flight Training Center for flight training operations and the Lufthansa Basis BG2[195] as a central base and for crew briefing. As of 2011 Lufthansa Cargo has been headquartered in Building 451 of the Frankfurt Airport area.[196] As of 2012 Lufthansa Cargo is located at Gate 25 in the CargoCity Nord area, Lufthansa Technik is located at Gate 23 and in the CargoCity Süd area.[197]
  • Airmail Centre Frankfurt, a joint venture of Lufthansa Cargo, Fraport, and Deutsche Post for airmail transport, has its head office in Building 189, between Terminals 1 and 2.[198]
  • Now defunct German leisure airline Aero Lloyd had its head office in Building 182.[199][200]
  • The Star Alliance also had its headquarters at the Frankfurt Airport Centre 1 until its relocation to Singapore in 2023.[201][202]

Statistics

[edit]

Annual traffic

[edit]
Annual passenger traffic[203]
Year Passengers % change
2000 49,360,620 Steady
2001 48,559,980 Decrease -1.6%
2002 48,450,356 Decrease -0.2%
2003 48,351,664 Decrease -0.2%
2004 51,098,271 Increase 5.6%
2005 52,219,412 Increase 2.2%
2006 52,810,683 Increase 1.1%
2007 54,161,856 Increase 2.5%
2008 53,467,450 Decrease -1.3%
2009 50,932,840 Decrease -4.3%
2010 53,009,221 Increase 4%
2011 56,436,255 Increase 6.4%
2012 57,520,001 Increase 2%
2013 58,036,948 Increase 1%
2014 59,570,000 Increase 2.6%
2015 61,032,022 Increase 2.4%
2016 60,792,308 Decrease -0.4%
2017 64,500,386 Increase 6.1%
2018 69,514,414 Increase 7.8%
2019 70,560,987 Increase 1.5%
2020 18,768,601 Decrease -73.4%
2021 24,814,921 Increase 32.2%
2022 48,923,474 [204] Increase 97.2%
2023 59,359,539 [205] Increase 21.3%
2024 61,564,957 [206] Increase 3.7%

Route statistics

[edit]
Busiest routes at Frankfurt Airport (2023)[207]
Rank Destination Departing passengers Operating airlines
1 London–Heathrow 663,712 British Airways, Lufthansa
2 Berlin–Brandenburg 590,952 Lufthansa
3 Hamburg 531,011 Lufthansa
4 Vienna 487,940 Austrian Airlines, Lufthansa
5 Munich 477,400 Lufthansa
6 Dubai–International 440,236 Emirates, Lufthansa
7 Madrid 432,743 Air Europa, Iberia, Lufthansa
8 Palma de Mallorca 418,946 Condor, Discover Airlines, Lufthansa, TUI fly Deutschland
9 Istanbul 405,832 Lufthansa, Turkish Airlines
10 Barcelona 405,266 Discover Airlines, Lufthansa
Busiest domestic routes at Frankfurt Airport (2023)[207]
Rank Destination Departing passengers Operating airlines
1 Berlin–Brandenburg 590,952 Lufthansa
2 Hamburg 531,011 Lufthansa
3 Munich 477,400 Lufthansa
4 Hannover 142,476 Lufthansa
5 Bremen 132,644 Lufthansa
6 Düsseldorf 125,488 Lufthansa
7 Dresden 122,622 Lufthansa
8 Stuttgart 117,335 Lufthansa
9 Leipzig/Halle 99,131 Lufthansa
10 Nuremberg 98,947 Lufthansa
Busiest European routes at Frankfurt Airport (2023)[207]
Rank Destination Departing passengers Operating airlines
1 London–Heathrow 663,712 British Airways, Lufthansa
2 Vienna 487,940 Austrian Airlines, Lufthansa
3 Madrid 432,743 Air Europa, Iberia, Lufthansa
4 Palma de Mallorca 418,946 Condor, Discover Airlines, Lufthansa, TUI fly Deutschland
5 Istanbul 405,832 Lufthansa, Turkish Airlines
6 Barcelona 405,266 Discover Airlines, Lufthansa
7 Paris–Charles de Gaulle 374,596 Air France, Lufthansa
8 Lisbon 348,435 Lufthansa, TAP Air Portugal
9 Amsterdam 319,636 KLM, Lufthansa
10 Zurich 293,482 Lufthansa, Swiss International Air Lines
Busiest intercontinental routes at Frankfurt Airport (2023)[207]
Rank Destination Departing passengers Operating airlines
1 Dubai–International 440,236 Emirates, Lufthansa
2 Toronto–Pearson 386,210 Air Canada, Condor, Lufthansa
3 New York–JFK 354,927 Condor, Delta, Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines
4 Antalya 333,928 AJet, Condor, Corendon Airlines, Discover Airlines, Pegasus Airlines, SunExpress, Turkish Airlines
5 Chicago–O'Hare 331,175 Lufthansa, United Airlines
6 Washington–Dulles 322,066 Lufthansa, United Airlines
7 San Francisco 320,163 Condor, Lufthansa, United Airlines
8 Doha 296,002 Qatar Airways
9 Singapore 290,476 Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines
10 Seoul–Incheon 289,842 Asiana Airlines, Korean Air, Lufthansa

Ground transport

[edit]

Frankfurt Airport can be accessed by car, taxi, train or bus as it features an extensive transport network. There are two railway stations at the airport: one for suburban/regional trains and one for long-distance trains.

Inter-terminal transit

[edit]

Passengers and visitors can change terminals with the people mover system SkyLine which has three stops in Terminal 1 (at gates A/Z, B and C) as well as one in Terminal 2 for all gates. Some stops can only be used by passengers in or outside the Schengen zone which is achieved by separated cars and station entrances. The travel time between the terminals is 2 minutes with trains arriving every 2–3 minutes during the day. Each train has two cars, one airside (outside the Schengen area) and one landside (within the Schengen area). Most stations have a platform on each side of the train, so landside passengers can only step out onto the landside platform, and airside passengers can only step out onto the airside platform. Additionally, there is a regular bus service between the terminals.[citation needed]

A new passenger transport system is also under construction for the connection of the new terminal 3 and the existing terminals 1 and 2. It will use a track which is separate from the existing SkyLine people mover but will allow for interchanges between them. It is scheduled to have four stops in the final stage near the airport's two railway stations, at Terminals 1C and 2DE as well as the new Terminal 3.[208]

Rail

[edit]

Regional station

[edit]
Regional station
Main article: Frankfurt Airport regional station

Frankfurt Airport regional station (Frankfurt Flughafen Regionalbahnhof) at Terminal 1, concourse B, provides access to the S-Bahn commuter rail lines S8 and S9. Each of these lines have trains departing every 15 minutes during daytime to Hanau Central Station eastwards via Frankfurt Central Station and Offenbach East Station or Wiesbaden Central Station westwards via Rüsselsheim or Mainz Central Station (line S8) or Mainz-Kastel Station (line S9).[citation needed]

The journey time to Frankfurt Central Station is 10–12 minutes.[209]

Regional Express (RE) trains to Saarbrücken, Koblenz or Würzburg call at this station. These trains provide less frequent but additional connections between Frankfurt Airport and the Central Station.[209]

Long-distance station

[edit]
Long-distance station
ICE 3 departing westward underneath The Squaire
Main article: Frankfurt Airport long-distance station

Frankfurt Airport long-distance station (Frankfurt Flughafen Fernbahnhof) was opened in 1999. The station is squeezed in between the motorway A 3 and the four-lane Bundesstraße B43, linked to Terminal 1 by a connecting corridor for pedestrians that bridges the Autobahn. It is the end point of the newly built Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line, which links southern Germany to the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area, the Netherlands and Belgium via Cologne at speeds up to 300 km/h (190 mph). About 10 trains per hour depart in all directions.[209]

Deutsche Bahn operates the AIRail Service in conjunction with Lufthansa, American Airlines and Emirates. The service operates to the central stations of Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Leipzig, Hamburg, Hannover, Mannheim, Munich, Nuremberg, Stuttgart and to Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe.[210]

Car

[edit]

Frankfurt Airport is located in the Frankfurt City Forest and directly connected to an Autobahn intersection called Frankfurter Kreuz where the A3 and A5 meet. It takes a 10–15 minutes by car or taxi to get to Frankfurt Central Station or the centre of the city.[211]

Passengers driving their own cars can park in multilevel parking garages (mostly underground) along the terminals. A long term holiday parking lot is located south of the runways and connected by shuttle bus to the terminals.[citation needed]

Bus and coaches

[edit]

Various transport companies provide bus services to the airport from the surrounding areas as well as by coach to long-distance destinations.[212]

Previously All Nippon Airways operated a bus service to Düsseldorf exclusively for ANA customers; that way Düsseldorf passengers would be transported to Frankfurt Airport to board their ANA flights.[213] In 2014 ANA established a separate flight from Tokyo to Düsseldorf,[214] causing the bus services to end.[215]

Ground transport statistics

[edit]

In 2006, 29.5% of the 12,299,192 passengers whose air travel originated in Frankfurt came by private car, 27.9% came by rail, 20.4% by taxi, 11.1% parked their car at the airport for the duration of their trip, 5.3% came by bus, and 4.6% arrived with a rental car.[citation needed]

Incidents and accidents

[edit]
  • On 4 January 1938, a Deutsche Lufthansa Junkers Ju 52 crashed in a snowstorm on approach to FRA due to icing. All three crew and three passengers were killed.[216]
  • On 29 September 1938, a Luftwaffe Junkers Ju-52 crashed due to a preliminary ground contact caused by a wrong estimation of height. One occupant of the four on board was killed.[217]
  • On 22 March 1952, a KLM Royal Dutch Airlines Douglas DC-6 on a return flight from Johannesburg to Amsterdam crashed 7 km NE of FRA into a forest. Nine crew and 36 passengers of the 47 total on board died.[218]
  • On 14 October 1953, a Sabena Convair CV-240 crashed near Kelstenbach shortly after takeoff following loss of engine power 1 km N of FRA. All four crew and 40 passengers died.[219]
  • On 21 January 1967, an Air Ferry Douglas C-54, a cargo flight, struck trees some 2700 metres short of the runway while on a night-time instrument landing system approach. Both occupants were killed.[220]
  • On 24 November 1972, an Air Canada McDonnell Douglas DC-8 bound for Montreal, Canada was hijacked on the ground at FRA and a hijacker demanded a release of prisoners. The plane was stormed and the hijacker arrested. One person died.[221]
  • On 22 May 1983, during an air show at Rhein-Main Air Base, a Canadian RCAF Lockheed F-104 Starfighter crashed into a nearby road, hitting a car and killing all passengers, a vicar's family of five. His niece escaped the burning car but died 81 days later from serious burns. The pilot was able to eject.[222]
  • On 19 June 1985, a bomb cloaked in a canvas bag was detonated approx at 14:42 in the afternoon in Hall B of the Rhein Main Frankfurt Airport, decimating that section of the airport. The blast resulted in three deaths and 32 injuries, of which four were considered serious.[223]
  • In May 1999, a violent illegal immigrant was being deported by police, from Frankfurt to Cairo. He was restrained before the flight took off and when an officer attempted to talk to him later, he found that he was no longer alive.[224][225]
  • In September 2007, German authorities arrested three suspected terrorists for plotting a "massive" terror attack, which posed "an imminent threat" to Frankfurt Airport and the US Air Force base in Ramstein.[226]
  • On 2 March 2011, a gunman opened fire on a bus carrying US Air Force personnel at Frankfurt Airport, killing two and wounding two others.[227]
  • On 11 June 2018, Lufthansa Flight 426, an Airbus A340, preparing for a flight to Philadelphia International Airport sustained damage on pushback from the gate, the tow tug caught fire and the aircraft sustained damage to the nose and cockpit section. Ten airport staff, consisting of ground crew and emergency responders, suffered minor injuries as a result of smoke inhalation. The aircraft was written off.[228]
[edit]

See also

[edit]

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