Freedom of the City of London
This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2018) |
The Freedom of the City of London started around 1237 as the status of a 'free man' or 'citizen', protected by the charter of the City of London and not under the jurisdiction of a feudal lord.[1] In the Middle Ages, this developed into a freedom or right to trade, becoming closely linked to the medieval guilds, the livery companies. In 1835, eligibility for the freedom of the City was extended to anyone who lived in, worked in or had a strong connection to the City. The freedom that citizens enjoy has long associations with privileges in the governance of the City.[1]
Whilst no longer carrying many substantive rights and largely existing as a tradition, the freedom is a pre-requisite for standing for election to the Common Council[2] and Court of Aldermen[3] of the City of London. The Lord Mayor of the City must first become an alderman, and hence must also be a freeman.
There are multiple routes to gaining the freedom of the City of London.[4]
The original three routes to the freedom, via the livery companies, still exist. An individual can become a freeman of a livery company by servitude (apprenticeship), patrimony (either parent being a member of that livery company), or redemption (general admission, the criteria varying by livery company). Once a freeman of a livery company, an application can be made to the Chamberlain's Court for admission as a freeman of the City, which requires approval from Common Council.[4] It is necessary to become a freeman of the City to advance to the livery company status of 'liveryman', or to hold an office in a livery company. Liverymen have electoral rights in the City of London in voting for certain offices.
It is also possible to become a freeman of the City by nomination by two common councillors, aldermen or liverymen.
Similarly, due to freedom being a pre-requisite for standing for elected office in the City, it is possible for a prospective candidate to obtain freedom by nomination by any two electors.[1]
There is a long-standing tradition of the City admitting women to the freedom. Although they are now usually called freemen as well, historically the term was free sisters.[citation needed]
Freemen are admitted by the Clerk of the Chamberlain's Court during a ceremony at Guildhall.
Honorary Freedom
[edit]Honorary Freedom of the City of London is a recognition of lifetime achievement or high international standing, and is much rarer than the broader freedom of the city.
The granting of the Honorary Freedom of the City of London (or Freedom Honoris Causa) is extremely rare and generally awarded today only to royalty, heads of state, or figures of genuine global standing. It is the greatest honour that is in the power of the City of London to bestow, and usually takes place in Guildhall in the presence of the Common Council and the lord mayor, sheriffs, and aldermen, along with invited guests.
For example, in 2013, after a gap of some eleven years, Archbishop Desmond Tutu received the Honorary Freedom of the City of London, with the ceremony taking place at Mansion House. In 1996, Nelson Mandela, as President of South Africa, received the same honour. The presentation on such occasions is made by the Chamberlain of the City of London and is often followed by a banquet at Guildhall or Mansion House. Historically, the first personage to be so honoured was William Pitt the Elder in 1757. However, there are also records of the presentation of such in May 1698 to Philemon Philip Carter, son of Nathaniel Carter (goldsmiths) in the "Freedom of the City Admission Papers" 1681–1930. For many years, it was the custom to present the Freedom in specially commissioned and unique gold or silver caskets, the design of which was inspired by the background and the achievements of the individual to which it was presented. More normal today would be to present the honour in the form of a scroll in an inscribed box.[citation needed]
List of Freemen
[edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2020) |
The mixed list below contains just some of the names of people who have received the Freedom or Honorary Freedom over the years. Dates of awards are shown in brackets.
Royal Family members
[edit]- Prince George, Duke of Cambridge (4 November 1857)[citation needed]
- Edward VII (1863)
- Prince Albert Victor (29 June 1885)[citation needed]
- George VI (28 October 1919)[citation needed]
- Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1946)[5]
- Elizabeth II (11 June 1947)[6][7]
- Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (14 June 1948)[8]
- Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (1953)[9]
- Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (21 June 1966)[10]
- Charles III (1971)[11]
- Anne, Princess Royal (February 1976)[12]
- Diana, Princess of Wales[13] (22 July 1987)[14]
- Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh (2011)[15]
Prime ministers of the United Kingdom
[edit]- William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham (received the first honorary Freedom in 1757)[citation needed]
- William Pitt the Younger (February 1784)[citation needed]
- Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (1815)[citation needed]
- Benjamin Disraeli (3 August 1878)[16]
- Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (3 August 1878)[16]
- William Gladstone (October 1881)
- David Lloyd George (27 April 1917)[17]
- Winston Churchill (30 June 1943)[18]
- Clement Attlee (26 November 1953)[19][20]
- Margaret Thatcher (26 May 1989)[21]
Victoria Cross and George Cross recipients
[edit]- William Reid[citation needed]
- Joshua Leakey (5 May 2016)[22]
Foreign royalty
[edit]- Margrethe II of Denmark (2000)[citation needed]
- David Bagration of Mukhrani, Head of the Royal House of Georgia.[citation needed]
- Otto von Habsburg (11 July 2007)[23]
- Michael I of Romania (2011)[24]
- Kigeli V of Rwanda (28 June 2016)[25]
Presidents of the United States of America
[edit]- Ulysses S. Grant (15 June 1877)[26]
- Theodore Roosevelt (31 May 1910)[27][28]
- Woodrow Wilson (28 December 1918)[29]
- Franklin D. Roosevelt[citation needed]
- Dwight D. Eisenhower (12 June 1945)[30][31]
International leaders and principal figures
[edit]- Giuseppe Garibaldi (20 April 1864)[citation needed]
- Mir Turab Ali Khan, Salar Jung I (25 July 1876)[citation needed]
- Louis Botha (16 April 1907)[32]
- Wilfrid Laurier (16 April 1907)[citation needed]
- Robert Borden (29 July 1915)[33]
- Jan Smuts (1 May 1917)[34]
- V. S. Srinivasa Sastri (1921)[citation needed]
- R. B. Bennett (4 November 1930)[35]
- Jawaharlal Nehru (1956)[citation needed]
- Lester B. Pearson (1967)[36]
- Lee Kuan Yew (15 July 1982)[37]
- Nelson Mandela (10 July 1996)[38]
- Helmut Kohl (18 February 1998, "as the first European leader")[39]
- Bob Hawke (March 1999)[40]
- Marjorie Jackson-Nelson (24 June 2005)[41]
- Alan Greenspan (December 2005)[citation needed]
- Lee Hsien Loong (28 March 2014)[42]
Entrepreneurs and academics
[edit]- George Peabody (10 July 1862, in recognition of his financial contribution to London's poor)[43]
- Sir Albert Sassoon (1873)
- Sir George Stokes, Bt[citation needed]
- Benjamin Henry Blackwell (1920; founder of Blackwell's academic publishing company)[44]
- Mark Watson-Gandy (1995)[citation needed]
- Patrick Boylan (1991)[45]
- Bill Gates[citation needed]
- Jimmy Choo (14 November 2006)[46]
- Sir Tim Berners-Lee (24 September 2014)[citation needed]
- George Helon, JP (3 March 2016[47][48] and presented on 12 September 2016)
- The 4th Earl of Selborne
- Dame Kate Bingham (2021)
Archbishops of Canterbury, York and London
[edit]- Randall, Lord Davidson of Lambeth (1928)[citation needed]
- Geoffrey Fisher (1952)[citation needed]
- Robert Runcie (2 January 1981)[49]
- Rowan Williams[citation needed]
Religious leaders
[edit]- William Booth (26 October 1906)[50][51]
- Arnold Brown[citation needed]
- Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor[citation needed]
- Robin Dunster (13 September 2007)[52]
- Cardinal Vincent Nichols (7 September 2011)[53]
- Cardinal Renato Martino (6 May 2013)[54]
Diplomats
[edit]- Ferdinand de Lesseps (1870)[citation needed]
- Alexander Downer, Sr. (1965)[citation needed]
- Daniel Mulhall (17 July 2017)[55]
- Sylvie Bermann (26 July 2017)[citation needed]
- Arkady Rzegocki, Polish Ambassador (26 February 2020)[56]
- Ľubomír Rehák (2020)[57]
- John Kerry (9 May 2022)[58] United States Secretary of State 2013-2017
Entertainment and the arts
[edit]- Dame Vera Lynn (1978)[citation needed]
- Raymond Baxter (1978)[citation needed]
- Ron Goodwin[citation needed]
- Justin Connolly (13 January 1989)[citation needed]
- Eric Sykes[citation needed]
- Paul Humphreys (1996)[citation needed]
- Annie Lennox[13]
- Audrey Russell, broadcaster[59]
- Luciano Pavarotti (12 November 2005)[60]
- Dame Barbara Windsor (4 August 2010)[61]
- Simon Russell Beale (10 January 2011)[62]
- Colin Firth (8 March 2012)[citation needed]
- J. K. Rowling (8 May 2012)[63]
- Dame Judi Dench[13]
- Sir Michael Caine (8 March 2013)[64][65]
- Damian Lewis (20 March 2013)[66]
- Plácido Domingo (16 April 2013)[67]
- Bob Geldof (16 September 2013)[68]
- Henry Winkler (9 January 2014)[69]
- Teriy Keys (18 September 2014)[citation needed]
- Dame Joan Collins (18 September 2014)[citation needed]
- Sir Ian McKellen (30 October 2014)[70]
- Morgan Freeman (12 November 2014)[71]
- Stephen Fry[13]
- Eddie Redmayne[72]
- Stephen Sondheim (2018)[73]
- Mark Oliver Everett (July 2019)[74]
- Ronnie Wood (6 April 2021)
- Tommy Steele (19 July 2021)
- Arif Anis (7 April 2022)[75]
- Marco Camisani Calzolari (22 June 2022)
- Ed Sheeran (24 June 2022)[76]
- Cameron Mackintosh (1 June 2023)[77]
- Robert J. Sherman (11 January 2024)[78]
Historically notable Britons
[edit]- Lord Henry Howell of Westbury Manor in Buckinghamshire, England[79]
- George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham[citation needed]
- Edward Jenner (11 August 1803)[citation needed]
- James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez[citation needed]
- Sir Edward Berry[citation needed]
- John Francis Scott (1823) son of Warrant Officer John Scott R.N., purser, secretary and close friend to Admiral Nelson[80]
- Sir John Ross (March 1834)[citation needed]
- Sir George Arthur[citation needed]
- Sir James Brooke (1847)[81]
- Sir William Fenwick Williams[citation needed]
- Sir Francis Leopold McClintock (May 1860)[citation needed]
- Richard Cobden (1861)
- Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala (1868)[citation needed]
- Baroness Burdett-Coutts (18 July 1872).[citation needed] first female Honorary Freeman.[citation needed]
- Sir Alexander Cockburn, 12th Baronet (9 March 1876)[82]
- Sir Rowland Hill (1879)
- Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts (1880)
- Beauchamp Seymour, 1st Baron Alcester (1883)
- Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley (1883)[citation needed]
- Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury (1884)
- Sir Henry Morton Stanley (13 January 1887)[citation needed]
- William Lidderdale (1891)[citation needed]
- Sir George Williams (June 1894)[83]
- Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener (4 November 1898)[84]
- Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner (23 July 1901)[85]
- Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell[citation needed]
- Joseph Chamberlain (13 February 1902)[86]
- Florence Nightingale (16 August 1908).[citation needed] She was the second woman to receive the Honorary Freedom.[citation needed]
- Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey (23 January 1912)[87]
- Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig (16 June 1919)[88]
- David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty (16 June 1919)[88]
- Sir Austen Chamberlain (25 March 1926)[89]
- Bernard, Baron Weatherill (1949)[citation needed]
- Sir Neville Leigh
- John Bercow (4 July 2016) [90]
- Digby, Lord Jones of Birmingham[citation needed]
- Captain Sir Tom Moore[91] (12 May 2020)
Other notable recipients
[edit]- Sir Thomas Phillips (voted 26 February 1840, admitted on 7 April 1840)[92][93]
- Sir James Willcocks (11 July 1901). Freedom of the City of London with sword of honour.[94]
- Frederick Cook (15 October 1909)[95]
- Charles Lindbergh[citation needed]
- Roy Chadwick (1943)[citation needed]
- Sir Ernest Marshall Cowell (1953)
- Frederick Penny, 1st Viscount Marchwood[citation needed]
- Frank Marshall, Baron Marshall of Leeds[citation needed]
- PC Trevor Lock [96][97]
- Bartholomew Broadbent (17 January 1985)[citation needed]
- Ari Norman (6 November 1992) for services to the British silver industry[98]
- Ed Mirvish[citation needed]
- Brian Dear (3 October 2001)[99] for charity work
- Massimo Ellul (26 September 2005)[citation needed]
- Peter Ackroyd (15 December 2006)[100]
- Bob Winter (10 September 2007)[101]
- Shaw Clifton (13 September 2007)[52]
- Lasse Lehtinen (21 September 2007)[102]
- Liam Hackett (15 September 2010)[103][104]
- Robin Tilbrook (27 September 2011)[105]
- David Weir (3 December 2012)[106]
- Alastair Cook[13]
- Dwayne Fields (2013)[107]
- Crista Cullen (23 August 2013)[108]
- Rob Whiteman (1 May 2014), public servant and CEO of CIPFA
- Mark Carney (2014), former governor, Bank of Canada; former governor, Bank of England[citation needed]
- Chris Pavlou[citation needed]
- Nigel Cumberland (29 June 2016)[109][110][111]
- Angelo Musa (19 April 2016)[112]
- Tom Cox[citation needed] (April 2017)
- Kishan Devani (November 2017)[113]
- Adam Ockelford (2021)[114]
- Tom Harwood (14 February 2022)[115]
- 2022 EURO England Women's Football Team squad (announced 1 August 2022):[116]
- Sarina Wiegman (coach, from The Netherlands)
- Mary Earps
- Lucy Bronze
- Rachel Daly
- Keira Walsh
- Alex Greenwood
- Millie Bright
- Beth Mead
- Leah Williamson
- Ellen White
- Georgia Stanway
- Lauren Hemp
- Jess Carter
- Hannah Hampton
- Fran Kirby
- Demi Stokes
- Jill Scott
- Nikita Parris
- Chloe Kelly
- Bethany England
- Ella Toone
- Ellie Roebuck
- Lotte Wubben-Moy
- Alessia Russo
- Mark Noble (18 November 2022) life-long football player at West Ham United[117]
- Harry Kane (25 May 2023) England Men's Football Captain [118]
- Sarah Gilbert (6 October 2023) Oxford Project Leader for the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine[119][120]
- Ian Wright (1 November 2023) former Crystal Palace, Arsenal and England international footballer.[121]
- Robert Evans (9 July 2024) Age Group British Triathlete [122]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Freedom of the City". City of London. 4 May 2023.
- ^ "Qualification for Common Council" (PDF). City of London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2022.
- ^ "Alderman Qualification Guidance" (PDF). City of London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 March 2022.
- ^ a b Jagger, Paul D. (2 December 2021). "The Honorary Freedom of the City of London – An exploration of The Lives of the Great and the Good". City and Livery.
Every Freeman of the City of London may feel 'honoured' when they are admitted in that ancient ceremony in Guildhall, but the Corporation makes it clear in a leaflet handed to Freemen that while they may feel honoured, only the Honorary Freedom is of the form of an honour.
- ^ Lord Mountbatten Receives Freedom Of City Of London (1946), 13 April 2014, archived from the original on 15 December 2021, retrieved 24 January 2020
- ^ Freedom Of London For The Princess (1947), 13 April 2014, archived from the original on 15 December 2021, retrieved 24 January 2020
- ^ "Princess Elizabeth making a speech at Guildhall when she received the Freedom of the City of London, June 11, 1947". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
- ^ Duke Of Edinburgh Receives Freedom Of The City Of London (1948), 13 April 2014, archived from the original on 15 December 2021, retrieved 24 January 2020
- ^ City Freedom For Queen Mother (1953), 13 April 2014, archived from the original on 15 December 2021, retrieved 24 January 2020
- ^ "1966 Press Photo Princess Margaret Receives The Freedom of the City of London". Historic Images. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
- ^ Prince Charles Freedom – In Colour – 1971, 21 July 2015, archived from the original on 15 December 2021, retrieved 24 January 2020
- ^ "- Freedom of London for Princess Anne". rct.uk. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "Freedom of the City". City of London. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013.
- ^ Princess Diana made Freeman of the City of London, 9 January 2012, archived from the original on 15 December 2021, retrieved 24 January 2020
- ^ "Freedom of the City of London: Harry Kane is being awarded - but what does that mean?". Yahoo!. 3 November 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
- ^ a b "Honors to Beaconsfield" (PDF). The New York Times. 4 August 1878. Retrieved 24 November 2007.
- ^ "Must win Ireland, says Lloyd George" (PDF). The New York Times. 28 April 1917. Retrieved 24 November 2007.
- ^ "Churchill's Title Has Ancient Roots; Includes Right to Enter City Almhouses". The New York Times. 1 July 1943.
- ^ "City Honours Mr. Attlee (1953)". YouTube. 13 April 2014.
- ^ "City Honours Mr. Attlee".
- ^ Acceptance Speech
- ^ "Who you're saluting: Corporal Joshua Leakey, VC – Armed Forces Day". Retrieved 2 May 2019.
- ^ "Last Crown Prince of Austria receives the Freedom of the City of London" (Press release). City of London. 11 July 2007. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
- ^ "King Mihai severs dynastic, historical ties with House of Hohenzollern". 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
- ^ "The royal trip to the UK".[dead link]
- ^ "Gen. Grant at Guildhall" (PDF). The New York Times. 30 June 1877. Retrieved 16 November 2007.
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- ^ "Freedom of the City of London conferred on Mr. Roosevelt scene in the Guildhall". Library of Congress.
- ^ "President Wilson's Speech at the Guildhall in London" (PDF). The New York Times. 29 December 1918. Retrieved 24 November 2007.
- ^ "Eisenhower to get honor". The New York Times. 10 June 1945.
- ^ Mitchell, Leslie (18 June 1945). "London Welcomes Newest Citizen – Eisenhower Receives Freedom of the City". British Movietone. Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021 – via YouTube.
- ^ "London lionizing Botha" (PDF). The New York Times. 17 April 1907. Retrieved 24 November 2007.
- ^ "London's Freedom Given to Premier". The Toronto World. 30 July 1915. p. 5.
- ^ "London Honors Gen. Smuts" (PDF). The New York Times. 2 May 1917. Retrieved 24 November 2007.
- ^ "1948.9 | Freedom of the City of London | Casket | | McCord Museum". Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
- ^ "Lester Pearson Honoured".
- ^ "Reply by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew to the Chamberlain's address at the presentation of the Honorary Freedom of the City, Guildhall, London, 15 JUL 82" (PDF). National Archives of Singapore. 15 July 1982. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ^ Acceptance Speech Archived 2007-11-09 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Kohl to be given honorary freedom of the City of London". BBC News. 18 February 1998. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
- ^ "Prime Facts 23" (PDF). Museum of Australian Democracy. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
- ^ "Governor of South Australia receives the Freedom of the City of London" (Press release). City of London. 24 June 2005. Archived from the original on 24 June 2007. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
- ^ migration (29 March 2014). "PM Lee's 'very good day' in London". The Straits Times. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ^ "London People: George Peabody". Retrieved 24 June 2016.
- ^ London, England, Freedom of the City Admission Papers, 1681-1930
- ^ Who's Who, 2023 edition, p. 267
- ^ "World-famous shoe designer receives Freedom of the City of London" (Press release). City of London. 15 November 2006. Archived from the original on 24 June 2007. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
- ^ "The Freedom of the City". City of London. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
- ^ "List of Applicants for the Freedom of the City of London". City of London. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
- ^ "The Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Robert Runcie and his wife Rosalind". 24 August 2017.
- ^ "London Honors Gen. Booth" (PDF). The New York Times. 27 October 1905. Retrieved 24 November 2007.
- ^ See also: Report on Salvation Army website[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "Salvation Army Leaders Receive Freedom of the City of London" (Press release). The Salvation Army. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
- ^ "Archbishop of Westminster receives the Freedom of the City of London". 12 September 2011.
- ^ "Cardinal Martino Freedom of the City of London". Independent Catholic News. 6 May 2013. Archived from the original on 24 August 2013.
- ^ Lonergan, Aidan. "Outgoing Irish Ambassador Dan Mulhall granted Freedom of the City of London". The Irish Post. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ "Arkady Rzegocki" – via Twitter.
- ^ City of London. "H.E. Lubomir Rehak, The Ambassador of Slovakia Hampstead, London" (PDF). List of Applications for the Freedom. 9.
- ^ "John Kerry receives Freedom of the City of London". The City of London. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
- ^ Pimlott Baker, Anne (2004). "Audrey Russell". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/40697. Retrieved 26 July 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "Pavarotti receives freedom of the City of London" (Press release). British Red Cross. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
- ^ "Freedom of the City". WebCite. City of London. Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ "Granted the Freedom of the City of London". City of London. Archived from the original on 29 January 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. "J.K. Rowling". TM Warner Bros and J.K. Rowling. Archived from the original on 30 December 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
- ^ "Sir Michael Caine given Freedom of City of London". Evening Standard. London. 8 March 2013. Archived from the original on 11 March 2013.
- ^ Wooden Pegg (8 March 2013), Sir Michael Caine Given City of London Freedom, archived from the original on 15 December 2021, retrieved 16 July 2019
- ^ "Damian Lewis freedom of the City of London". BBC News. 20 March 2013. Archived from the original on 14 December 2013.
- ^ Vincent, Alice (16 April 2013). "Opera singer Placido Domingo to receive freedom of the City of London". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013.
- ^ Tolhurst, Alain (16 September 2013). "Geldof given freedom of City of London for charity work and contribution to music". London24. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
- ^ "Happy Days! Henry Winkler gets Freedom of the City of London". itv. 9 January 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- ^ "Ian McKellen given freedom of the City of London". BBC News. 30 October 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
- ^ "Freedom of the City - About us - City of London". Archived from the original on 21 September 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
- ^ "Q&A session with actor Eddie Redmayne at the Guildhall". City of London School for Girls. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- ^ Glenday, Craig (30 September 2018). "Sondheim receives Freedom of the City of London". The Stephen Sondheim Society. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ "EELS on Instagram: "HONARY [sic] FREEMAN OF LONDON, SIR MARCUS OLIVER EVERETT. E can now legally bring his flock of sheep across London Bridge and if he commits a…"". Instagram. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
- ^ "Arif Anis became Freeman of the City of London". Lily Ford. Independent.co.uk. 14 April 2022.
- ^ "Ed Sheeran receives Freedom of the city of London". gov.uk. 24 June 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
- ^ Al-Hassan, Aliya (1 June 2023). "Sir Cameron Mackintosh Awarded Freedom of the City of London". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
- ^ Sherman, Robert. ""Today I Was Granted the Freedom of the City of London"". Facebook. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
- ^ "London, England, Freedom of the City Admission Papers, 1681-1930". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ "Scott family".[dead link]
- ^ "The Literary Gazette and Journal of the Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c: Saturday, October 23, 1847- Varieties". The Literary Gazette: A Weekly Journal of Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts. London: Henry Silverlock, Wardrobe Terrace, Doctors' Commons. 1847. p. 757. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
The City of London, on the motion of Sir P. Laurie, has done itself honour by voting its Freedom in a gold box, to James Brooke, the rajah of Sarawak, and the regenerator of the Indian Archipelago
- ^ "The Chief Justice in London" (PDF). The New York Times. 10 March 1876. Retrieved 24 November 2007.
- ^ Binfield, Clyde (1994). George Williams in context: A portrait of the Founder of the YMCA. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. p. 20.
- ^ "London Honors Kitchener" (PDF). The New York Times. 5 November 1898. Retrieved 24 November 2007.
- ^ "Speech by Lord Milner" (PDF). The New York Times. 24 July 1901. Retrieved 24 November 2007.
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- ^ "London Honors Earl Grey" (PDF). The New York Times. 24 January 1912. Retrieved 24 November 2007.
- ^ a b "Haig and Beatty made freemen of the City of London". ITN Source. 16 June 1919.
- ^ "Chamberlain gets Freedom of London". The New York Times. 26 March 1926.
- ^ "Speaker granted Freedom of the City". UK Parliament. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
- ^ "Coronavirus: Captain Tom Moore Freedom of the City of London". BBC News. 12 May 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
- ^ Allderidge, Patricia H. "Dadd, Richard". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37337. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Jonathan Andrews (7 November 1997). The History of Bethlem. Routledge. p. 504. ISBN 978-0-415-01773-2. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
- ^ "The city and Sir James Willcocks". The Times. No. 36505. London. 12 July 1901. p. 11.
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- ^ "No. 48584". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 April 1981. p. 5531.
- ^ McNee, p. 167.
- ^ Krieger, Candice (20 December 2007). "Ari Norman designs the ultimate family Chanucah gift". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ Marsh, Steve. "Brian DEAR ... (1962 – 1969)". theyflysohigh.co.uk. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
- ^ "Famous London historian honoured by the City of London" (Press release). City of London. 14 December 2006. Archived from the original on 24 June 2007. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
- ^ "Lord Provost of Glasgow to receive Freedom of City of London" (Press release). City of London. 5 September 2007. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
- ^ "Leading Finnish cultural figure Freedom of the City" (Press release). City of London. 21 September 2007. Retrieved 14 November 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Simpson, Colin. "Welcome | The Worshipful Company of Firefighters". firefighterscompany.org. Archived from the original on 5 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
- ^ Bonham, Martin (November 2010). "Members News" (PDF). Worshipful Company of Firefighters. Retrieved 9 September 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "The English Democrats". voteenglish.org. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
- ^ "London 2012 athlete David Weir given City of London freedom". BBC News. 3 December 2012.
- ^ Mohammed, Syma (9 April 2013). "Polar explorer from Hackney awarded freedom of the city of London for voluntary work". Hackney Gazette. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
- ^ "Crista Cullen receives Freedom of the City of London". England Hockey. 30 August 2013. Archived from the original on 18 July 2020.
- ^ "Agenda item – List of applicants for the Freedom of the City". democracy.cityoflondon.gov.uk. 10 September 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
- ^ "List of Applications for the Freedom" (PDF). democracy.cityoflondon.gov.uk. 10 September 2015.
- ^ "UAE residents win Freedom of the City of London". 15 August 2016.
- ^ www.academiasanctiambrosii.it.
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(help) - ^ ABPL. "Kishan Devani awarded with Freedom of the City of London honour..." www.asian-voice.com. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ^ @spectaclemakers (15 January 2021). "Delighted to welcome our first new Freeman of 2021, Professor @AdamOckelford, Professor of Music @RoehamptonUni & co-founder of @theambertrust. His research shows the positive effects of #Music #Education on children with #VisionImpairment and special educational needs" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "GB News' Tom Harwood reacts to receiving Freedom of the City of London". theglobalherald.com. 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
- ^ "Lionesses and Sarina Wiegman given Freedom of the City of London after Euros win". ITV News. 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
- ^ "Mark Noble awarded Freedom of the City of London | West Ham United F.C." www.whufc.com. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
- ^ "Harry Kane awarded Freedom of the City of London". Harry Kane awarded Freedom of the City of London. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
- ^ "Sarah Gilbert receives Freedom of the City of London | Christ Church, University of Oxford". www.chch.ox.ac.uk. 6 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ "Professor Dame Sarah Gilbert awarded Freedom of the City of London". www.psi.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ "Ian Wright awarded Freedom of the City of London". news.cityoflondon.gov.uk. 1 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ Triathlon, World. "Results: 20-24 Male AG Sprint | 2023 World Triathlon Sprint & Relay Championships Hamburg". World Triathlon. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
Further reading
[edit]- London's Roll of Fame: Being Complimentary Notes and Addresses from the City of London, on Presentation of the Honorary Freedom of that City, and on Other Occasions, to Royal Personages, Statesmen... A.D. 1757-1884 etc. (The City of London Corporation, Cassell & Co., 1884). Benjamin Scott (ed.)
- London's Roll of Fame: Being Presentations of the Freedom of the City and Addresses of Welcome from the Corporation of London to Royal and other Distinguished Personages, A.D. 1885-1959. (The City of London Corporation, 1959).
- Valerie Hope, Clive Birch & Gilbert Torry, The Freedom: the Past and Present of the Livery, Guilds and City of London. (Barracuda Books, 1982).
- Caroline Arnold, Sheep over London Bridge: Freedom of the City of London. (Corporation of London Records Office, 1996).
- Some Rules for the Conduct of Life, to which are added a few cautions: For the use of such Freemen of London as take Apprentices. (Chamberlain's Court, Guildhall, London).
- Addresses presented from the Court of Common Council to the King, on his Majesty's accession to the Throne, and on Various other Occasions, and his answers; Resolutions of the Court, Granting the Freedom of the City to several Noble Personages, with their answers; Instructions at different times to the Representatives of the City in Parliament; Petitions to Parliament for different purposes; Resolutions of the Court, on the Memorial of the Livery, to request the Lord Mayor to call a Common Hall; for returning thanks to Lord Chatham, and his answer; for erecting a Statue in Guildhall, to William Beckford, Esq; late Lord Mayor, agreed to between the 23rd October, 1760, and the 12th October 1770. (printed by Henry Fenwick, printer to the Honourable City of London).
- Addresses, Remonstrances, and Petitions; commencing the 24th of June, 1769, presented to the King and Parliament, from the Court of Common Council, and the Livery in Common Hall assembled, with his Majesty's answers; likewise the speech to the King, made by the late Mr. Alderman Beckford, when Lord Mayor of the City of London. (printed by Henry Fenwick, London).
- A Petition of the Freeholders of the County of Middlesex, presented to His Majesty, the 24th of May, 1769, by Mr. Serjeant Glynn, John Sawbridge, Esq; James Townsend, Esq; the Rev. Dr. Wilson, George Bellas, Esq; Francis Ayscough, Esq; and William Ellis, Esq. (printed by Henry Fenwick, London).