Glossary of computer science
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Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself. However, glossaries like this one are useful for looking up, comparing and reviewing large numbers of terms together. You can help enhance this page by adding new terms or writing definitions for existing ones.
This glossary of computer science terms is a list of definitions about computer science, its sub-disciplines, and related fields.
A[edit]
- Abstract data type –
- Abstract method –
- Abstraction – In software engineering and computer science, abstraction is:
- the process of removing physical, spatial, or temporal details[1] or attributes in the study of objects or systems in order to more closely attend to other details of interest[2]; it is also very similar in nature to the process of generalization;
- the abstract concept-objects which are created by keeping common features or attributes to various concrete objects or systems of study[2] — the result of the process of abstraction.
- Agent architecture – in computer science is a blueprint for software agents and intelligent control systems, depicting the arrangement of components. The architectures implemented by intelligent agents are referred to as cognitive architectures.[3]
- Agent-based model –
- Aggregate function –
- Agile software development – is an approach to software development under which requirements and solutions evolve through the collaborative effort of self-organizing and cross-functional teams and their customer(s)/end user(s).[4] It advocates adaptive planning, evolutionary development, early delivery, and continual improvement, and it encourages rapid and flexible response to change.[5]
- Algorithm –
- Algorithm design – refers to a method or mathematical process for problem solving and engineering algorithms. The design of algorithms is part of many solution theories of operation research, such as dynamic programming and divide-and-conquer. Techniques for designing and implementing algorithm designs are also called algorithm design patterns,[6] such as the template method pattern and decorator pattern.
- Algorithmic efficiency –
- American Standard Code for Information Interchange –
- API – application programming interface.
- Application programming interface –
- Application software –
- Array data structure – an array data structure, or simply an array, is a data structure consisting of a collection of elements (values or variables), each identified by at least one array index or key. An array is stored such that the position of each element can be computed from its index tuple by a mathematical formula.[7][8][9] The simplest type of data structure is a linear array, also called one-dimensional array.
- Artifact –
- Artificial intelligence –
- ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Exchange.
- Assertion –
- Associative array –
- Automata theory –
- Automated reasoning –
B[edit]
- Bandwidth –
- Bayesian programming – is a formalism and a methodology for having a technique to specify probabilistic models and solve problems when less than the necessary information is available. Bayes’ Theorem is the central concept behind this programming approach, which states that the probability of something occurring in the future can be inferred by past conditions related to the event.[10]
- Benchmark –
- Best, worst and average case –
- Big data – is a term used to refer to data sets that are too large or complex for traditional data-processing application software to adequately deal with. Data with many cases (rows) offer greater statistical power, while data with higher complexity (more attributes or columns) may lead to a higher false discovery rate.[11]
- Big O notation –
- Binary number –
- Binary search algorithm –
- Binary tree –
- Bioinformatics –
- Bit –
- Bit rate – In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable R) is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time.[12]
- Blacklist –
- BMP file format –
- Boolean data type –
- Boolean expression –
- Boolean logic –
- Byte –
- boot-
- booting
C[edit]
- Callback –
- Central processing unit –
- Character –
- Cipher –
- Class –
- Class-based programming –
- Class-orientation –
- Client –
- Cleanroom software engineering –
- Closure –
- Cloud computing –
- Code library –
- Coding –
- Coding theory –
- Cognitive science –
- Comma-separated values –
- Compiler –
- Compiler theory –
- Computability theory –
- Computation –
- Computational biology –
- Computational chemistry –
- Computational complexity theory –
- Computational model –
- Computational neuroscience –
- Computational physics –
- Computational science –
- Computational steering –
- Computer –
- Computer architecture –
- Computer data storage –
- Computer ethics –
- Computer graphics –
- Computer network –
- Computer programming –
- Computer science –
- Computer scientist –
- Computer security –
- Computer vision –
- Concatenation –
- Concurrency –
- Continuation-passing style –
- Conditional –
- Control flow –
- Creative Commons –
- Cryptography –
- CSV – comma-separated values.
- Cyberbullying –
- Cyberspace –
D[edit]
- Data center –
- Database –
- Data mining –
- Data science –
- Data structure –
- Data type –
- Debugging –
- Declaration –
- Digital data –
- Digital signal processing –
- Discrete event simulation –
- Disk storage –
- Distributed computing –
- Divide and conquer algorithm –
- DNS – Domain Name System.
- Documentation –
- Domain Name System –
- Double-precision floating-point format –
- Download –
E[edit]
- Edge device –
- Encryption –
- Event –
- Event-driven programming –
- Evolutionary computing –
- Executable –
- External documentation –
- Exception handling –
- Executable module –
- Expression –
- External library –
F[edit]
- Fault-tolerant computer system –
- Feasibility study –
- Filename extension –
- Filter (software) –
- Floating point arithmetic –
- For loop –
- Formal methods –
- Formal verification –
- Functional programming –
G[edit]
- Game theory –
- Garbage in, garbage out –
- GIGO – Garbage in, garbage out.
- GIF – Graphics Interchange Format.
- Gigabyte –
- Global variable –
- Graph theory –
H[edit]
- Hard problem –
- Hash function –
- Hash table –
- Heap –
- Heap sort –
- Human-computer interaction –
- hyper[disambiguation needed] -
- hypo[disambiguation needed] -
I[edit]
- IDE – integrated development environment.
- Image processing –
- Imperative programming –
- Incremental build model –
- Information space analysis –
- Information visualization –
- Inheritance –
- Input/output –
- Insertion sort –
- Instruction cycle –
- Integer –
- Integrated development environment –
- Integration testing –
- Intellectual property –
- Intelligent agent –
- Interface –
- Internal documentation –
- Internet –
- Internet bot –
- Interpreter –
- Invariant –
- Iteration –
J[edit]
- Java –
K[edit]
L[edit]
- Library (computing) –
- Linear search –
- Linked list –
- Linker –
- List –
- Loader –
- Logic error –
- Logic programming –
M[edit]
- Machine learning –
- Machine vision –
- Mathematical logic –
- Matrix –
- Memory –
- Merge sort –
- Method –
- Methodology –
- Modem-
N[edit]
O[edit]
- Object –
- Object code –
- Object-oriented analysis and design –
- Object oriented programming –
- Open-source software –
- Operating system –
- Optical fiber –
P[edit]
- Pair programming –
- Parallel computing –
- Parameter –
- Peripheral –
- Postcondition –
- Precondition –
- Primary storage –
- Primitive data type –
- Priority queue –
- Procedural programming –
- Program lifecycle phase –
- Programming language –
- Programming language implementation –
- Programming language theory –
- Prolog –
- Python –
Q[edit]
- Quantum computing –
- Queue –
- Quicksort –
R[edit]
- R programming language –
- Radix –
- Recursion –
- Reference counting –
- Relational database –
- Reliability engineering –
- Regression testing –
- Requirements analysis –
- Robotics –
- Round-off error –
- Router –
- Routing table –
- Run time –
- Run time error –
S[edit]
- Search algorithm –
- Secondary storage –
- Selection sort –
- Semantics –
- Sequence –
- Set –
- Soft computing –
- Software –
- Software agent –
- Software construction –
- Software deployment –
- Software design –
- Software development –
- Software development process –
- Software engineering –
- Software maintenance –
- Software prototyping –
- Software requirements specification –
- Software testing –
- Sorting algorithm –
- Source code –
- Spiral model –
- Stack –
- Storage –
- String –
- Structured storage –
- Subroutine –
- Symbolic computation –
- Syntax –
- Syntax error –
- System console –
T[edit]
- Technical documentation –
- Third-generation programming language –
- Top-down and bottom-up design –
- Tree –
- Type theory –
U[edit]
- Upload –
- Uniform Resource Locator –
- URL – Uniform Resource Locator.
- User agent –
- User interface –
- User interface design –
V[edit]
- Variable –
- Virtual machine –
- V-Model –
W[edit]
- WAV – Waveform Audio File Format.
- Waterfall model –
- Waveform Audio File Format –
- Web crawler –
- Wi-Fi –
X[edit]
Y[edit]
Z[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Colburn, Timothy; Shute, Gary (2007-06-05). "Abstraction in Computer Science". Minds and Machines. 17 (2): 169–184. doi:10.1007/s11023-007-9061-7. ISSN 0924-6495.
- ^ a b Kramer, Jeff (2007-04-01). "Is abstraction the key to computing?". Communications of the ACM. 50 (4): 36–42. doi:10.1145/1232743.1232745. ISSN 0001-0782.
- ^ Comparison of Agent Architectures Archived August 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Collier, Ken W. (2011). Agile Analytics: A Value-Driven Approach to Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing. Pearson Education. pp. 121 ff. ISBN 9780321669544.
What is a self-organizing team?
- ^ "What is Agile Software Development?". Agile Alliance. 8 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
- ^ Goodrich, Michael T.; Tamassia, Roberto (2002), Algorithm Design: Foundations, Analysis, and Internet Examples, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., ISBN 0-471-38365-1
- ^ Black, Paul E. (13 November 2008). "array". Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
- ^ Bjoern Andres; Ullrich Koethe; Thorben Kroeger; Hamprecht (2010). "Runtime-Flexible Multi-dimensional Arrays and Views for C++98 and C++0x". arXiv:1008.2909 [cs.DS].
- ^ Garcia, Ronald; Lumsdaine, Andrew (2005). "MultiArray: a C++ library for generic programming with arrays". Software: Practice and Experience. 35 (2): 159–188. doi:10.1002/spe.630. ISSN 0038-0644.
- ^ "Bayesian versus Frequentist Probability". deepai.org.
- ^ Breur, Tom (July 2016). "Statistical Power Analysis and the contemporary "crisis" in social sciences". Journal of Marketing Analytics. 4 (2–3): 61–65. doi:10.1057/s41270-016-0001-3. ISSN 2050-3318.
- ^ Gupta, Prakash C (2006). Data Communications and Computer Networks. PHI Learning. Retrieved 10 July 2011.