Glossary of medicine
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Statue of Asclepius, the Greek god of medicine, holding the symbolic Rod of Asclepius with its coiled serpent | |
| Specialist | Medical specialty |
|---|---|
| Glossary | Glossary of medicine |
This glossary of medical terms is a list of definitions about medicine, its sub-disciplines, and related fields.
Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself. However, glossaries like this one are useful for looking up, comparing and reviewing large numbers of terms together. You can help enhance this page by adding new terms or writing definitions for existing ones.
A[edit]
- AAS – Aarskog-Scott syndrome.
- Aarskog–Scott syndrome – A rare, inherited (X-linked) disease characterized by short stature, facial abnormalities, skeletal and genital anomalies.[1]
- Abdomen – The part of the body between the chest and pelvis, which contains most of the tubelike organs of the digestive tract, as well as several solid organs.
- Abdominal external oblique muscle – The largest, and outermost, of the three flat muscles of the lateral anterior abdominal wall.
- Abdominal internal oblique muscle – A muscle of the abdominal wall, which lies below the external oblique and just above the transverse abdominal muscles.
- Abductor pollicis brevis muscle – A muscle in the hand that abducts (straightens) the thumb.
- Abductor pollicis longus muscle – One of the extrinsic muscles of the hand. Its major function is to abduct the thumb at the wrist.
- Abscess – A collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.[2]
- Accommodation – the process by which the eye focuses on an object.
- Accommodation reflex – a reflex action of the eye, measured as a response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa).
- Acetabulum – a concave surface of the pelvis, which forms the pelvic section of the hip joint.[3][4]
- Achilles tendon – a tendon of the back of the leg, and the thickest in the human body. It attaches the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone.
- Acne – a long-term skin disease that occurs when hair follicles are clogged with dead skin cells and oil from the skin.[5]
- Acne vulgaris – see Acne
- Acupressure – an alternative medicine technique where pressure is applied to acupuncture points. Pressure may be applied by hand, by elbow, or with various devices.
- Acupuncture – a form of alternative medicine[6] in which thin needles are inserted into the body..[7]
- Adam's apple – the lump or protrusion that is formed by the angle of the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx seen especially in males.
- Adaptive immune system –
- Adenoma –
- Adrenal gland –
- Allergy –
- ADHD – Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
- Alzheimer's disease –
- Anal canal –
- Anatomy –
- Anesthesiology –
- Angiology –
- Ankle – The ankle, or the talocrural region,[8] is the region where the foot and the leg meet.[9] The ankle includes three joints: the ankle joint proper or talocrural joint, the subtalar joint, and the inferior tibiofibular joint.[10][11][12] The movements produced at this joint are dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot. In common usage, the term ankle refers exclusively to the ankle region. In medical terminology, "ankle" (without qualifiers) can refer broadly to the region or specifically to the talocrural joint.[8][13]
- Anterior tibial artery –
- Antibiotics –
- Antibody –
- Aorta – is the main artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries). The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation.[14]
- Appendix –
- Arm – is the part of the upper limb between the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint) and the elbow joint. In common usage, the arm extends to the hand. It can be divided into the upper arm, which extends from the shoulder to the elbow, the forearm which extends from the elbow to the hand, and the hand. Anatomically the shoulder girdle with bones and corresponding muscles is by definition a part of the arm. The Latin term brachium may refer to either the arm as a whole or to the upper arm on its own.[15][16][17]
- Arteriole –
- Artery –
- Arthritis –
- AS – Asperger syndrome.
- Asperger syndrome – Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's, is a developmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests.[18] As a milder autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it differs from other ASDs by relatively normal language and intelligence.[19] Although not required for diagnosis, physical clumsiness and unusual use of language are common.[20][21]
- Asthma –
- Atrial fibrillation –
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder –
- Auscultation –
- Autism –
- Axilla –
- Axillary artery –
B[edit]
- Back –
- Back pain –
- Beta cell –
- Biceps –
- Biceps brachii –
- Bile duct –
- Biliary tract –
- Binge eating disorder –
- Biological engineering –
- Biology – is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development and evolution.[22]
- Biochemistry –
- Bioinformatics –
- Biopsy –
- Biostatistics – are the application of statistics to a wide range of topics in biology. It encompasses the design of biological experiments, especially in medicine, pharmacy, agriculture and fishery; the collection, summarization, and analysis of data from those experiments; and the interpretation of, and inference from, the results. A major branch is medical biostatistics, which is exclusively concerned with medicine and health.[23]
- Bipolar disorder –
- Birth control –
- Bladder cancer –
- Blood pressure –
- Blood vessel –
- Bone –
- Bone marrow –
- Brachial artery –
- Brachial plexus –
- Brachial veins –
- Brachioradialis –
- Bradycardia –
- Brain –
- Brain tumor –
- Brain metastasis –
- Breast –
- Breast cancer –
- Broca's area –
- Bronchiole –
- Bronchus –
- Bruit –
- Bulimia nervosa –
- Buttocks –
C[edit]
- Calcium –
- Calf –
- Cancer –
- Capillary –
- Carcinogen –
- Carcinogenesis –
- Cardiac arrest –
- Cardiac catheterization –
- Cardiac muscle –
- Cardiac surgery –
- Cardiology –
- Cardiothoracic surgery –
- Cardiovascular disease –
- Carotid artery, common –
- Carotid artery, external –
- Carotid artery, internal –
- Carotid artery stenosis –
- Carpal bones –
- Carpal tunnel syndrome –
- Cartilage –
- Cartilaginous joint –
- Catheter –
- Celiac disease –
- Cell biology –
- Central nervous system –
- Cephalic vein –
- Cerebellum –
- Cerebrum –
- Cervical cancer –
- Cervix –
- Cheek –
- Chin –
- Chronic fatigue syndrome –
- Ciliary muscle –
- Circulatory system –
- Clavicle –
- Clinic –
- Clinical research –
- Coccyx –
- Coeliac disease –
- Colorectal surgery –
- Common carotid artery –
- Common cold –
- Common iliac artery –
- Common iliac vein –
- Coronary arteries –
- Corpus callosum –
- Cranial nerves –
- Cure –
- Cytogenetics –
- Cytokine –
D[edit]
- Deep circumflex iliac vein –
- Deep temporal arteries –
- Deltoid muscle –
- Dentistry –
- Dermatitis –
- Dermatology –
- Diagnosis –
- Diabetes mellitus –
- Dietary reference intake –
- Differential diagnosis –
- Digestive system –
- Disease –
E[edit]
- Ear –
- Ear infection –
- Elbow –
- Embryology –
- Emergency medicine –
- Endocrine system –
- Endocrinology –
- Epidemiology –
- Epiglottis –
- Epilepsy –
- Erectile dysfunction –
- Erector spinae muscles –
- Esophagus –
- Extensor pollicis brevis muscle –
- Extensor pollicis et indicis communis muscle –
- Extensor pollicis longus muscle –
- External carotid artery –
- External iliac artery –
- External iliac vein –
- External jugular vein –
- Eye –
- Eye surgery –
F[edit]
- Face –
- Fallopian tube –
- Fellowship (medicine) –
- Female reproductive system –
- Femoral artery –
- Femoral nerve –
- Femoral vein –
- Femur –
- Fibromyalgia –
- Fibrous joint –
- Fibula –
- Finger –
- First aid –
- Flat bone –
- Foot –
- Forearm –
- Forehead –
- Frontal bone –
- Frontal nerve –
- Frontalis muscle –
G[edit]
- Gallbladder –
- Gamete –
- Ganglion –
- Gastrocnemius muscle –
- Gastroenterology –
- Gastrointestinal tract –
- Gene therapy –
- General surgery –
- Genetics –
- Genitourinary system –
- Geriatrics –
- Gonad –
- Gracilis muscle –
- Great saphenous vein –
- Gynaecology –
H[edit]
- Hand –
- Hand surgery –
- Head –
- Health –
- Health care –
- Hearing –
- Heart –
- Heel –
- Hematology –
- High blood pressure –
- Hip bone –
- Histology –
- Homeostasis –
- Hormone –
- Hospice –
- Hospital –
- Hospital medicine –
- Human back –
- Human body –
- Human brain –
- Human digestive system –
- Human eye –
- Human head –
- Human mouth –
- Human musculoskeletal system –
- Human nose –
- Human reproductive system –
- Human skeleton –
- Humerus –
- Hypersalivation –
- Hypertension –
I[edit]
- Iliac artery, common –
- Iliac artery, external –
- Ilium –
- Immune system –
- Immunohistochemistry –
- Immunology –
- Iliac vein, common –
- Iliac vein, deep circumflex –
- Iliac vein, external –
- Iliac vein, internal –
- Index finger –
- Infectious disease (medical specialty) –
- Inferior oblique muscle –
- Inferior thyroid artery –
- Inferior vena cava –
- Influenza –
- Inspection (medicine) –
- Integumentary system –
- Intensive care medicine –
- Internal carotid artery –
- Internal iliac vein –
- Internal jugular vein –
- Internal medicine –
- Internship (medicine) –
- Interventional radiology –
- Ischium –
J[edit]
- Jaw –
- Joint –
- Jugular vein –
K[edit]
- Kidney –
- Knee – In humans and other primates, the knee joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two joints: one between the femur and tibia (tibiofemoral joint), and one between the femur and patella (patellofemoral joint).[24] It is the largest joint in the human body.[25] The knee is a modified hinge joint, which permits flexion and extension as well as slight internal and external rotation. The knee is vulnerable to injury and to the development of osteoarthritis.
L[edit]
- Large intestine –The large intestine, also known as the large bowel or colon, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in vertebrates. Water is absorbed here and the remaining waste material is stored as feces before being removed by defecation.[26]
- Laryngeal prominence –
- Laryngeal ventricle –
- Ligament –
- Lip –
- Little finger –
- Liver –
- Long bone –
- Lumbar vertebrae –
- Lung –
- Lung cancer –
- Lupus erythematosus –
- Lymph –
- Lymphatic system –
- Lymphatic vessel –
- Lymph node –
- Lymphocyte –
M[edit]
- Major depressive disorder –
- Male reproductive system –
- Mammary gland –
- Mandible – The mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human face.[27] It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. The mandible sits beneath the maxilla. It is the only movable bone of the skull (discounting the ossicles of the middle ear).[28]
- Masseter muscle –
- Maternal-fetal medicine –
- Maxilla –
- MCAT – Medical College Admission Test.
- Medical biology –
- Medical classification –
- Medical coding –
- Medical College Admission Test –
- Medical device –
- Medical diagnosis –
- Medical ethics –
- Medical history –
- Medical imaging –
- Medical laboratory –
- Medical research –
- Medical school –
- Medical sign –
- Medical speciality –
- Medication –
- Medulla oblongata –
- Metacarpal bones –
- Metatarsal bones –
- Microbiology –
- Middle finger –
- Middle temporal artery –
- Molecular biology –
- Mouth –
- Muscle –
- Muscular system –
- Musculoskeletal system –
N[edit]
- Nail –
- Nanobiotechnology –
- Nasal cavity –
- Nasopharynx –
- Navel –
- Nephrology –
- Nerve –
- Nervous system –
- Neurology –
- Neuroscience –
- Neurosurgery –
- Nose –
- Nuclear medicine –
- Nutrition –
O[edit]
- Oblique muscle of auricle –
- Obstetrics –
- Obstetrics and gynaecology –
- Occipital bone –
- Ocular surgery –
- Olfaction –
- Oncology –
- Ophthalmology –
- Optometry –
- Organ –
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery –
- Orbicularis oculi muscle –
- Orbicularis oris muscle –
- Orthopedic surgery –
- Ossicles –
- Otitis –
- Otorhinolaryngology –
- Ovary –
P[edit]
- Palate –
- Palliative care –
- Palpation –
- Pancreas –
- Parasitology –
- Parathyroid gland –
- Parkinson's disease –
- Patella –
- Pathology –
- Pectineus muscle –
- Pectoralis major muscle –
- Pectoralis minor muscle –
- Pediatrics –
- Pelvis –
- Penis –
- Percussion (medicine) –
- Peripheral nervous system –
- Peripheral vision –
- Phalanx bone –
- Pharmacology –
- Pharynx –
- Physician –
- Physical examination –
- Physiology –
- Pineal gland –
- Pituitary gland –
- Placenta –
- Plastic surgery –
- Pons –
- Posterior tibial artery –
- Preventive healthcare –
- Prognosis –
- Prostate –
- Psychiatry –
- Pubis –
- Pulmonary artery –
- Pulmonary circulation –
- Pulmonary vein –
- Pulmonology –
- Pulse –
Q[edit]
R[edit]
- Radial artery –
- Radial nerve –
- Radiology –
- Radius –
- Rectum –
- Rectus abdominis muscle –
- Rectus femoris muscle –
- Red blood cell –
- Renal artery –
- Renal vein –
- Reproductive system –
- Residency (medicine) –
- Respiratory system –
- Rheumatology –
- Rib cage –
- Ring finger –
S[edit]
- Sacrum –
- Salivary gland –
- Saphenous nerve –
- Saphenous vein, great –
- Saphenous vein, small –
- Sartorius muscle –
- Scalp –
- Scapula –
- Sciatic nerve –
- Scrotum –
- Sebaceous gland –
- Seminal vesicle –
- Sensory nervous system –
- Sensory processing –
- Serratus anterior muscle –
- Serratus posterior inferior muscle –
- Serratus posterior superior muscle –
- Skeletal muscle –
- Skin –
- Skull –
- Small intestine –
- Small saphenous vein –
- Smooth muscle tissue –
- Special senses –
- Specialty (medicine) –
- Spinal cord –
- Spinal nerve –
- Sole –
- Soleus muscle –
- Spleen –
- Sports medicine –
- Sternohyoid muscle –
- Sternum –
- Stomach –
- Striated muscle tissue –
- Subclavian artery –
- Subcutaneous tissue –
- Superficial temporal artery –
- Superior oblique muscle –
- Superior thyroid artery –
- Superior vena cava –
- Surgery –
- Sweat gland –
- Symptom –
- Synovial bursa –
- Synovial joint –
- Synovial membrane –
- Systemic lupus erythematosus –
- Systems biology –
T[edit]
- Tarsus –
- Taste –
- Teeth –
- Temple –
- Temporal arteries, deep –
- Temporal artery, middle –
- Temporal artery, superficial –
- Temporal muscle –
- Tendon –
- Tensor fasciae latae muscle –
- Testicle –
- Thigh –
- Thoracic diaphragm –
- Thorax –
- Throat –
- Thumb –
- Thymus –
- Thyroid –
- Thyroid artery, inferior –
- Thyroid artery, superior –
- Thyroid ima artery –
- Tibia –
- Tibialis anterior muscle –
- Tibialis posterior muscle –
- Tissue –
- Toe –
- Toll-like receptor –
- Tongue –
- Toxicology –
- Trachea –
- Trapezius muscle –
- Triceps brachii muscle –
U[edit]
- Ulna –
- Ulnar artery –
- Ulnar nerve –
- Ureter –
- Urethra –
- Urinary bladder –
- Urinary system –
- Urology –
- Uterus –
V[edit]
- Vaccine –
- Vagina –
- Vas deferens –
- Vastus intermedius muscle –
- Vastus lateralis muscle –
- Vastus medialis –
- Vein –
- Vena cava, inferior –
- Vena cava, superior –
- Ventricle –
- Ventricle system –
- Venule –
- Vertebral column –
- Virology –
- Visual acuity –
- Visual cortex –
- Visual field test –
- Visual perception –
- Vital signs –
- Vitamin D –
- Vitrectomy –
- Vitreous body –
- Vulva –
W[edit]
- Waist –
- Wart –
- Weber test –
- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome –
- Wernicke's area –
- Whiplash –
- White blood cell –
- White matter –
- Working memory –
- Wrist –
X[edit]
- Xanthoma –
Y[edit]
- Yaws –
- Yellow fever –
Z[edit]
See also[edit]
- Medicine
- Outline of medicine
- List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes
- List of bones of the human skeleton
- List of nerves of the human body
- List of skeletal muscles of the human body
- Anatomical terms of location
- List of diseases
- History of medicine
- Medical College Admission Test –
References and notes[edit]
- ^ "Aarskog-Scott syndrome". Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved 2018-03-06.
- ^ Singer, Adam J.; Talan, David A. (Mar 13, 2014). "Management of skin abscesses in the era of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus" (PDF). The New England Journal of Medicine. 370 (11): 1039–47. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1212788. PMID 24620867. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-10-30.
- ^ Field RE, Rajakulendran K (2011). "The labro-acetabular complex". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 94 (Suppl 2): 22–27. doi:10.2106/JBJS.J.01710. PMID 21543684.
- ^ Griffiths EJ, Khanduja V (2012). "Hip arthroscopy: evolution, current practice and future developments". Int Orthop. 36 (6): 1115–1121. doi:10.1007/s00264-011-1459-4. PMC 3353094. PMID 22371112.
- ^ Aslam, I; Fleischer, A; Feldman, S (March 2015). "Emerging drugs for the treatment of acne". Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs (Review). 20 (1): 91–101. doi:10.1517/14728214.2015.990373. PMID 25474485.(subscription required)
- ^ Berman, Brian; Langevin, Helene; Witt, Claudia; Dubner, Ronald (29 July 2010). "Acupuncture for Chronic Low Back Pain". New England Journal of Medicine. 363 (5): 454–461. doi:10.1056/NEJMct0806114. PMID 20818865.
- ^ Adams, D; Cheng, F; Jou, H; Aung, S; Yasui, Y; Vohra, S (Dec 2011). "The safety of pediatric acupuncture: a systematic review". Pediatrics. 128 (6): e1575–e1587. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1091. PMID 22106073.
- ^ a b Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, A. M. R. (2013). "Lower Limb". Clinically Oriented Anatomy (7th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 508–669. ISBN 978-1-4511-1945-9.
- ^ WebMD (2009). "ankle". Webster's New World Medical Dictionary (3rd ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-544-18897-6.
- ^ Milner, Brent K. (1999). "Musculoskeletal Imaging". In Gay, Spencer B.; Woodcock, Richard J. Radiology Recall. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 258–383. ISBN 978-0-683-30663-7.
- ^ Williams, D. S. Blaise; Taunton, Jack (2007). "Foot, ankle and lower leg". In Kolt, Gregory S.; Snyder-Mackler, Lynn. Physical Therapies in Sport and Exercise. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 420–39. ISBN 978-0-443-10351-3.
- ^ del Castillo, Jorge (2012). "Foot and Ankle Injuries". In Adams, James G. Emergency Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 745–55. ISBN 978-1-4557-3394-1.
- ^ Gray, Henry (1918). "Talocrural Articulation or Ankle-joint". Anatomy of the Human Body.
- ^ Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins; Charles William McLaughlin; Susan Johnson; Maryanna Quon Warner; David LaHart; Jill D. Wright (1995). Human Biology Health. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-981176-1.
- ^ "brachium – free dictionary". Retrieved December 2, 2013.
- ^ "Dictionary.com". Retrieved December 2, 2013.
- ^ Encyclopaedia britannica 2013.
- ^ "Autism Spectrum Disorder". National Institute of Mental Health. September 2015. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
- ^ "F84.5 Asperger syndrome". World Health Organization. 2015. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
- ^ McPartland J, Klin A (October 2006). "Asperger's syndrome". Adolescent Medicine Clinics. 17 (3): 771–88, abstract xiii. doi:10.1016/j.admecli.2006.06.010 (inactive 2018-10-25). PMID 17030291.
- ^ Baskin JH, Sperber M, Price BH (2006). "Asperger syndrome revisited". Reviews in Neurological Diseases. 3 (1): 1–7. PMID 16596080.
- ^ Based on definition from: "Aquarena Wetlands Project glossary of terms". Texas State University at San Marcos. Archived from the original on 2004-06-08.
- ^ Abhaya Indrayan (2012). Medical Biostatistics. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-8414-0.
- ^ Chhajer, Bimal (2006). "Anatomy of Knee". Knee Pain. Fusion Books. pp. 10–1. ISBN 978-81-8419-181-3.
- ^ Kulowski, Jacob (July 1932). "Flexion contracture of the knee". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 14 (3): 618–63. Republished as: Kulowski, J (2007). "Flexion contracture of the knee: The mechanics of the muscular contracture and the turnbuckle cast method of treatment; with a review of fifty-five cases. 1932". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 464: 4–10. doi:10.1097/BLO.0b013e31815760ca (inactive 2018-09-19). PMID 17975372.
- ^ "large intestine". NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 2014-03-04.
- ^ Gray's Anatomy – The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, 40th Edition, p. 530
- ^ Tortora, G; Derrickson, B. Principles of anatomy & physiology (13th. ed.). Wiley. p. 226. ISBN 9780470646083.