Hammersmith

Coordinates: 51°29′34″N 0°13′22″W / 51.4928°N 0.2229°W / 51.4928; -0.2229
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hammersmith
Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith
Hammersmith is located in Greater London
Hammersmith
Hammersmith
Location within Greater London
Population95,996 (2020)[1]
OS grid referenceTQ233786
• Charing Cross4.3 mi (6.9 km) ENE
London borough
Ceremonial countyGreater London
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townLONDON
Postcode districtW6 W14
Dialling code020
PoliceMetropolitan
FireLondon
AmbulanceLondon
UK Parliament
London Assembly
List of places
UK
England
London
51°29′34″N 0°13′22″W / 51.4928°N 0.2229°W / 51.4928; -0.2229

Hammersmith is a district of West London, England, 4.3 miles (6.9 km) southwest of Charing Cross. It is the administrative centre of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, and identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.

It is bordered by Shepherd's Bush to the north, Kensington to the east, Chiswick to the west, and Fulham to the south, with which it forms part of the north bank of the River Thames. The area is one of west London's main commercial and employment centres, and has for some decades been a major centre of London's Polish community. It is a major transport hub for west London, with two London Underground stations and a bus and coach station at Hammersmith Broadway.

Hammersmith Town Hall

Toponymy[edit]

Hammersmith may mean "(Place with) a hammer smithy or forge",[2] although, in 1839, Thomas Faulkner proposed that the name derived from two 'Saxon' words: the initial Ham from ham and the remainder from hythe, alluding to Hammersmith's riverside location.[3] In 1922, Gover proposed that the prefix was a personal name, Heahmaer or Hæmar, and stating that the suffix must be Anglo-Saxon from -myðe,[4] meaning the junction of two rivers, as Hammersmith Creek merged with the Thames here.[5]: 36  The earliest spelling is Hamersmyth in 1294, with alternative spellings of Hameresmithe in 1312, Hamyrsmyth in 1535, and Hammersmith 1675.[6]

History[edit]

The district was a chapelry of the ancient parish of Fulham, but became a fully independent parish in 1631.[7] In the early 1660s, Hammersmith's first parish church, which later became St Paul's, was built by Sir Nicholas Crispe who ran the brickworks in Hammersmith.[8] It contained a monument to Crispe as well as a bronze bust of King Charles I by Hubert Le Sueur.[9] In 1696 Sir Samuel Morland was buried there. The church was completely rebuilt in 1883, but the monument and bust were transferred to the new church.

In 1745, two Scots, James Lee and Lewis Kennedy, established the Vineyard Nursery, over six acres devoted to landscaping plants. During the next hundred and fifty years the nursery introduced many new plants to England, including fuchsia and the standard rose tree.[10][11]

1804 saw the trial of Francis Smith for the murder of Thomas Millwood in Beaver Lane, Hammersmith. Called the Hammersmith Ghost murder case, it set a unique standard in English legal history.[12]

In 1868, Hammersmith was the name of a parish, and of a suburban district, within the hundred of Ossulstone, in the county of Middlesex.[13] Major industrial sites included the Osram lamp factory at Brook Green, the J. Lyons factory (which at one time employed 30,000 people). During both World Wars, Waring & Gillow's furniture factory, in Cambridge Grove, became the site of aircraft manufacture.

Hammersmith Borough Council had provided the borough with electricity since the early twentieth century from Hammersmith power station. Upon nationalisation of the electricity industry in 1948 ownership passed to the British Electricity Authority and later to the Central Electricity Generating Board. Electricity connections to the national grid rendered the 20 megawatt (MW) coal-fired power station redundant. It closed in 1965; in its final year of operation it delivered 5,462 MWh of electricity to the borough.[14]

Economy[edit]

Hammersmith is located at the confluence of one of the arterial routes out of central London (the A4) with several local feeder roads and a bridge over the Thames. The focal point of the district is the commercial centre (the Broadway Centre) located at this confluence, which houses a shopping centre, bus station, an Underground station and an office complex.[citation needed]

King Street

Stretching about 750 m (820 yd) westwards from this centre is King Street, Hammersmith's main shopping street. Named after John King, Bishop of London,[15] it contains a second shopping centre (Livat Hammersmith), many small shops, the town hall, the Lyric Theatre, a cinema, the Polish community centre and two hotels. King Street is supplemented by other shops along Shepherds Bush Road to the north, Fulham Palace Road to the south and Hammersmith Road to the east. Hammersmith's office activity takes place mainly to the eastern side of its centre, along Hammersmith Road and in the Ark, an office complex to the south of the flyover which traverses the area.[citation needed]

Charing Cross Hospital on Fulham Palace Road is a large multi-disciplinary NHS hospital with accident & emergency and teaching departments run by the Imperial College School of Medicine.[16]

Architecture[edit]

"The Ark" office building, designed by British architect Ralph Erskine and completed in 1992, has some resemblance to the hull of a sailing ship.[17] Hammersmith Bridge Road Surgery was designed by Guy Greenfield.[18] 22 St Peter's Square, the former Royal Chiswick Laundry and Island Records HQ, has been converted to architects' studios and offices by Lifschutz Davidson Sandilands. It has a Hammersmith Society Conservation award plaque (2009)[19] and has been included in tours in Architecture Week.[20] Several of Hammersmith's pubs are listed buildings, including the Black Lion,[21] The Dove,[22] The George,[23] The Hop Poles,[24] the Hope and Anchor,[25] the Salutation Inn[26] and The Swan,[27] as are Hammersmith's two parish churches, St Paul's[28] (the town's original church, rebuilt in the 1890s) and St Peter's, built in the 1820s.[29]

Culture and entertainment[edit]

The Dove public house

Riverside Studios is a cinema, performance space, bar and cafe. Originally film studios, Riverside Studios were used by the BBC from 1954 to 1975 for television productions.[30] The Lyric Hammersmith Theatre is just off King Street. Hammersmith Apollo concert hall and theatre (formerly the Carling Hammersmith Apollo, the Hammersmith Odeon, and before that the Gaumont Cinema) is just south of the gyratory. The former Hammersmith Palais nightclub has been demolished and the site reused as student accommodation.[31] The Polish Social and Cultural Association is on King Street. It contains a theatre, an art gallery and several restaurants. Its library has one of the largest collections of Polish-language books outside Poland.[32][33][34][35][36]

The Dove is a riverside pub with what the Guinness Book of Records listed as the smallest bar room in the world, in 2016 surviving as a small space on the right of the bar.[37] The pub was frequented by Ernest Hemingway and Graham Greene; James Thomson lodged and likely wrote Rule Britannia here.[38] The narrow alley in which it stands is the only remnant of the riverside village of Hammersmith, the bulk of which was demolished in the 1930s. Furnivall Gardens, which lies to the east, covers the site of Hammersmith Creek and the High Bridge.[39]

Leisure activity also takes place along Hammersmith's pedestrianised riverside, home to the pubs of Lower Mall, rowing clubs and the riverside park of Furnival Gardens. Hammersmith has a municipal park, Ravenscourt Park, to the west of the centre. Its facilities include tennis courts, a basketball court, a bowling lawn, a paddling pool, and playgrounds.[40]

Lower Mall from the river, with Hammersmith Bridge on the right

Hammersmith is the historical home of the West London Penguin Swimming and Water Polo Club, formerly known as the Hammersmith Penguin Swimming Club.[41] Hammersmith Chess Club has been active in the borough since it was formed in 1962. It was initially based in Westcott Lodge, later moving to St Paul's Church, then to Blythe House and now Lytton Hall, near West Kensington tube station.[42]

Transport[edit]

The area is on the main A4 trunk road heading west from central London towards the M4 motorway and Heathrow Airport. The A4, a busy commuter route, passes over the area's main road junction, Hammersmith Gyratory System, on a long viaduct, the Hammersmith Flyover.[43] Hammersmith Bridge closed in August 2020 to pedestrians, cyclists and road traffic, severing the link with Barnes in the southwest. Its cast iron pedestals that hold the suspension system in place had become unsafe.[44]

The centre of Hammersmith is served by two London Underground stations named Hammersmith: one is served by the Hammersmith & City and Circle lines and the other is served by the Piccadilly and District lines. The latter station is part of a larger office, retail and transport development, locally known as "The Broadway Centre". Hammersmith Broadway stretches from the junction of Queen Caroline Street and King Street in the west to the junction of Hammersmith Road and Butterwick in the east. It forms the north side of the gyratory system also known as Hammersmith Roundabout. The Broadway Shopping Centre includes a major bus station. The length of King Street places the westernmost shops and offices closest to Ravenscourt Park Underground station on the District line, one stop west of Hammersmith itself.[citation needed]

Hammersmith Bridge[edit]

Repair works to the bridge footings, showing air-conditioning and sensors

The first Hammersmith Bridge was designed by William Tierney Clark and opened in 1827 and was the first suspension bridge crossing the River Thames. It was redesigned by Joseph Bazalgette, and reopened in 1887.[8][45] In August 2020, it closed to pedestrians, cyclists and road traffic as the cast iron pedestals that hold the suspension system in place became unsafe. Work began to improve the structural integrity of the bridge in 2022.[44]

In literature and music[edit]

Hammersmith features in Charles Dickens' Great Expectations as the home of the Pocket family. Pip resides with the Pockets in their house by the river and goes boating on the river.[46] William Morris's utopian novel News from Nowhere (1890) describes a journey up the river from Hammersmith towards Oxford.[47]

In 1930, Gustav Holst composed Hammersmith, a work for military band (later rewritten for orchestra), reflecting his impressions of the area, having lived across the river in Barnes for nearly forty years.[48] It begins with a haunting musical depiction of the River Thames flowing underneath Hammersmith Bridge. Holst taught music at St Paul's Girls' School and composed many of his most famous works there, including his The Planets suite. A music room in the school is named after him.[49] Holst dedicated Hammersmith: "To the Author of "The Water Gypsies".[50]

Notable people[edit]

17th century[edit]

John Milton, poet

18th century[edit]

19th century[edit]

Eric Gill, typographer
Gustav Holst, composer

1900–1945[edit]

Rosalind Franklin, chemist

1946–2000[edit]

Bill Bailey, comedian
Joe Calzaghe, boxer
Rosamund Pike, actress

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ ONS Population figures for all major UK towns and cities - https://www.ons.gov.uk/aboutus/transparencyandgovernance/freedomofinformationfoi/populationfiguresforallmajoruktownsandcities Archived 27 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Mills, A. D. (1993). A Dictionary of English Place-Names (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 155. ISBN 0192831313.
  3. ^ Faulkner, Thomas (1839). The History and Antiquities of the Parish of Hammersmith: Interspersed with Biographical Notices of Illustrious and Eminent Persons, who Have Been Born, Or who Have Resided in the Parish, During the Three Preceding Centuries. London, UK: Nichols & Son. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  4. ^ Alonso, Carlos Prado; Lorido, Rodrigo Pérez; Rodríguez-Puente, Paula (2020). Of ye olde Englisch langage and textes: new perspectives on Old and Middle English languages and literature. Frankfurt a.M. p. 32. ISBN 9783631817957.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ Gover, J. E. B. (1922). The Place Names of Middlesex. London, UK: Longmans, Green and Co. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  6. ^ Mills, A. D. (2010). A dictionary of London place-names (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK.: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199566785. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  7. ^ Frederic A Youngs Jr, ed. (1979). Guide to the Administrative Units of England. Vol. 1, Southern England. Royal Historical Society. p. 325. ISBN 0-901050-67-9.
  8. ^ a b Staff (1902). "Hammersmith". Royal Thames Guide. London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Company. pp. 9–11, page 11. OCLC 47982768.
  9. ^ The bust is a 1665 bronze copy of the marble bust made by LeSueur in 1631. "Image of bronze bust of Charles I, Hammersmith". Archived from the original on 24 May 2013., "Search Hammersmith Historical Sculptures: Charles I by Le Sueur". Archived from the original on 24 May 2013.
  10. ^ "History of Olympia". London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham Council. 20 August 2010. Archived from the original on 11 September 2010.
  11. ^ Willson, Eleanor Joan (1961). James Lee and the Vineyard Nursery, Hammersmith. London: Hammersmith Local History Group.
  12. ^ Medland, W. M.; Weobly, Charles (1804). A Collection of Remarkable and Interesting Criminal Trials, Actions at Law, &c: To which is Prefixed, an Essay on Reprieve and Pardon, and Biographical Sketches of John Lord Eldon, and Mr. Mingay. London, UK.: Badcock. pp. 206–215. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  13. ^ "Hammersmith". GENUKI. Description and Travel: GENUKI Charitable Trust. 2 January 2017. Archived from the original on 3 January 2018.
  14. ^ CEGB Statistical Yearbook 1965, CEGB, London.
  15. ^ "HUC History". Hammersmith United Charities. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
  16. ^ "Charing Cross Hospital". NHS. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  17. ^ "Savills UK | 404". Savills.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  18. ^ "Hammersmith Bridge Road Surgery London by Guy Greenfield". Galinsky.com. Archived from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  19. ^ Dan Hodges. "Best and worst of Hammersmith and Fulham buildings named". Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
  20. ^ "architectureweek.org.uk". architectureweek.org.uk. 24 June 2007. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  21. ^ Historic England. "The Black Lion public house (1192979)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
  22. ^ Historic England. "The Dove Inn public house (1079783)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  23. ^ Historic England. "The George public house (1358573)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  24. ^ Historic England. "Hop Poles public house (1079826)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  25. ^ Historic England. "Hope and Anchor Public House (1392791)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  26. ^ Historic England. "Salutation Inn (1079763)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  27. ^ Historic England. "The Swan public house (1192058)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  28. ^ Historic England. "St Paul's, Hammersmith (1079802)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  29. ^ Historic England. "Church of St Peter (1079843)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  30. ^ "Riverside Studios". Theatres Trust. 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  31. ^ "Pure Hammersmith". www.webcitation.org. Archived from the original on 7 September 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  32. ^ "Muzea, Archiwa, Biblioteki Polskie na Zachodzie". Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) of the Standing Conference of Polish Museums, Archives and Libraries
  33. ^ Benedict Le Vay (2007), Eccentric London, Bradt Travel Guides, ISBN 9781841621937
  34. ^ "UnToldLondon". UnToldLondon. 19 January 2012. Archived from the original on 15 February 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  35. ^ Kirby, Terry (11 February 2006). "750,000 and rising: how Polish workers have built a home in Britain". The Independent. Archived from the original on 13 November 2010. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  36. ^ "posk.org". posk.org. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  37. ^ "About". The Dove, Hammersmith. Archived from the original on 9 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  38. ^ Cole, Melissa (17 August 2008). "Beer Girl". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  39. ^ "London Gardens Online". londongardensonline.org.uk. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  40. ^ "Time Out, "London's best local parks," 29 August 2008". Timeout.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  41. ^ "Penguin Swimming Club Of Hammersmith Pictures and Images". Getty Images. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  42. ^ "A Brief History of Hammersmith Chess Club – Hammersmith Chess Club". Hammersmith Chess Club. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  43. ^ Rawlinson, S. R. J.; Stott, P. F. (1962). "The Hammersmith Flyover". ICE Proceedings. 23 (4): 565. doi:10.1680/iicep.1962.10813.
  44. ^ a b "Hammersmith Bridge – all you need to know and latest updates". Hammersmith & Fulham Council. 12 October 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  45. ^ "Bombs, bearings and barges – a brief history of Hammersmith Bridge". London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham Council. 18 September 2012. Archived from the original on 2 March 2013.
  46. ^ Calvert, Laurie. "A Teacher's Guide to the Signet Classics Edition of Charles Dickens's Great Expectations" (PDF). Penguin Books. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  47. ^ "Creating a utopian future: William Morris's News from Nowhere". The British Library. Archived from the original on 25 February 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  48. ^ "The Music of Gustav Holst (1930) Hammersmith Op. 52". GustavHolst.info. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  49. ^ a b Warrack, John (January 2011). "Holst, Gustav Theodore". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33963. Retrieved 4 April 2013. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required)
  50. ^ Holst, Gustav. Hammersmith, Op. 52 (Musical Score) (Corrected Edition 1986 ed.). London: Boosey & Hawkes. p. 1.
  51. ^ Lewalski, Barbara K. The Life of John Milton. Oxford: Blackwells, 2003.
  52. ^ a b c d "Hammersmith | British History Online". British-history.ac.uk. 1 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  53. ^ "Queen Caroline of Brunswick, wife of George IV". Historic–uk.com. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  54. ^ Czerny, Carl (2011). Voluntaries for organ. A–R Editions. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-89579-709-4. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  55. ^ a b Desmond, Ray (1994). "Kennedy, Lewis". Dictionary of British and Irish Botanists and Horticulturists. CRC Press. pp. 396, 421. ISBN 978-0-85066-843-8. Contains biographical entries concerning the Lees and Kennedys.
  56. ^ "BRANGWYN, Sir Frank (1867-1956)". English Heritage. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
  57. ^ "One man's obsession with rediscovering a lost typeface". BBC News. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
  58. ^ "William Tierney Clark". London Remembers. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016.
  59. ^ "English Heritage announces six more blue plaques to women for 2021". English Heritage. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  60. ^ Laot, Françoise F. (2018). "Jeanne Deroin and Mutual Education of Women and Workers". HAL archives ouvertes. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  61. ^ "Eric Gill in Hammersmith" (PDF). Hammersmith and Fulham Historic Buildings Group Newsletter (33 (Winter 2015)): 6. 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  62. ^ Duncan, Andrew (2008). Walking London: Thirty Original Walks in and Around London. New Holland Publishers. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-84773-054-1. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  63. ^ "3 Hammersmith Terrace". Emery Walker's House. Retrieved 3 September 2021. No. 3: Was inhabited by calligrapher and typographer Edward Johnston
  64. ^ Mackail, J. W. (1901). The Life of William Morris: Volume One. London, New York, and Bombay: Longmans, Green & Co. pp. 371–373.
  65. ^ "DE LA RAMÉE, Marie Louise (1839-1908) a.k.a. Ouida". English Heritage. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  66. ^ "Francis Ronalds". Grace's Guide. Retrieved 4 April 2022. By 1814, with the encouragement of Jean André de Luc, Ronalds began practical experiments in transmission of electricity in the garden of his house, later known as Kelmscott House, in Upper Mall, Hammersmith.
  67. ^ "10 Hammersmith Terrace". Emery Walker's House. Retrieved 3 September 2021. No. 10: Inhabited by FG Stephens, a member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
  68. ^ "Emery Walker's House: 7 Hammersmith Terrace". Emery Walker's House. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
  69. ^ "WHALL, Christopher Whitworth (1849-1924)". English Heritage. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  70. ^ "Biography: Evelyn Whitaker, 1844–1929". Evelynwhitakerlibrary.org. 18 July 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  71. ^ Room, Adrian (1992). Corporate Eponymy: A Biographical Dictionary of the Persons Behind the Names of Major American, British, European, and Asian Businesses. McFarland. p. 271. ISBN 978-0-89950-679-1. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  72. ^ Osborne, John (30 October 2014). Damn You England: Collected Prose. Faber & Faber. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-571-31836-0. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  73. ^ Phillippa Bennett (2010). William Morris in the Twenty–first Century. Peter Lang. p. 30. ISBN 978-3-0343-0106-0. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  74. ^ Berger, Doreen (3 December 2014). "A Biography of The Dark Lady Of Notting Hill". United Synagogue Women. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  75. ^ Sayre, A. (1975). Rosalind Franklin and DNA. New York: Norton. ISBN 0-393-07493-5.
  76. ^ Timothy O'Brien. "Obituary: Jocelyn Herbert". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  77. ^ Curtis, Nick (19 November 2013). "Helen Mirren: When Peter Morgan sent me The Audience script I emailed him 'you bastard'". London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
  78. ^ Barry Millington. "Maurice Murphy obituary | Music". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  79. ^ Nicholas Wroe, "Around the world in 80 ways" Archived 30 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 9 June 2001.
  80. ^ "Eric Ravilious blue plaque in London". Blue Plaque Places. Archived from the original on 30 June 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  81. ^ Ronalds, B.F. (2016). Sir Francis Ronalds: Father of the Electric Telegraph. Imperial College Press. ISBN 978-1-78326-917-4.
  82. ^ Osborne, John (30 October 2014). Damn You England: Collected Prose. Faber & Faber. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-571-31836-0. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  83. ^ Miller, Compton (5 April 2012). "Living next to a celeb?". standard.co.uk. Evening Standard / ESI Media. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
  84. ^ 6:08PM BST 10 May 2012 (10 May 2012). "Vidal Sassoon". The Daily Telegraph.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  85. ^ "Artists | Band on the Wall". bandonthewall.org. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  86. ^ Mervyn Cooke; Philip Reed (8 July 1993). Benjamin Britten: Billy Budd. Cambridge University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-521-38750-7. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  87. ^ "Alfie Allen – Stars On Stage". London Theatre. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  88. ^ Barratt, Nick (19 May 2007). "Family detective". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
  89. ^ Joshi, Amita (13 January 2017). "The Crystal Maze set to make television comeback with Richard Ayoade as host". MyLondon. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
  90. ^ "Living with the stars". The Daily Telegraph. 8 September 2007.
  91. ^ Irvine, Chris (9 December 2010). "The career of Sacha Baron Cohen". The Daily Telegraph.
  92. ^ Swales, Andy. "Marcus Bent handed 12–month suspended prison sentence". Sky Sports. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  93. ^ Levy, Glen (6 February 2009). "Joe Calzaghe – TIME". Time. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  94. ^ "Parosha Chandran: 'Modern slavery in the UK is not confined to one place in the Midlands'". The Guardian. 22 July 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
  95. ^ "Lord Coe: timeline of an Olympic champion and sports administrator". The Daily Telegraph. 19 August 2015.
  96. ^ Brenner, Marie. "Marie Colvin's Private War". Vanity Fair.
  97. ^ Phoebe Luckhurst (15 December 2014). "English charmers: the similarities between Benedict Cumberbatch and Eddie Redmayne | London Life | Lifestyle". London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  98. ^ Anderson, David (14 May 2015). "James DeGale backing himself to 'make history' in Andre Dirrell world title fight". The Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on 29 November 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  99. ^ "Cara Delevingne: an A–Z of the ultimate Tatler girl". Tatler. 5 June 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  100. ^ "Who is Emerald Fennell and why does she look so familiar? Here's where you recognise the Oscars' golden girl from". Glamour. 25 April 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  101. ^ "Living with the stars". The Daily Telegraph. 8 September 2007.
  102. ^ "Emilia Fox: A long line of theatrical Emila used to be a childminder in her spare time before taking up acting ancestors..." TheGenealogist. 20 September 2011. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  103. ^ Griffiths, Sian. "Latymer Upper School forces out seven over drugs". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  104. ^ "Londoner's Diary: Finally, Michael Gove flees the Notting Hill set". Evening Standard. 24 March 2017.
  105. ^ Flanagan, Aaron (30 January 2016). "What channel is George Groves vs Andrea Di Luisa on?". The Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  106. ^ Grainger, Lisa (18 April 2013). "Tom Hardy's Travelling Life". Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
  107. ^ "Miranda Hart on how her Falklands hero dad's ship was bombed". The Daily Mirror. 26 January 2012. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  108. ^ "Hammersmith". Barry Hugman's Footballers. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  109. ^ O'Neill, Lorena. "Meet Sophie Hunter, Benedict Cumberbatch's Impressive Fiancee". The Hollywood Reporter.
  110. ^ "Transmission – BBC Top Gear Video: behind-the-scenes at the first of the new series «". Transmission.blogs.topgear.com. 23 January 2011. Archived from the original on 3 December 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
  111. ^ Crimewatch UK January 1991 (TV appeal). BBC. January 1991. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  112. ^ Law, Katie (4 May 2017). "Douglas Murray on immigration, Islam and identity". The Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017.
  113. ^ Buckley, Peter (2003). The Rough Guide to Rock. Rough Guides. p. 735. ISBN 978-1-84353-105-0.
  114. ^ "London 2012 Meet Team GB Scott Overall". The Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  115. ^ "Stuart Pearce". England Football Online. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  116. ^ Cavendish, Lucy (18 March 2009). "Rosamund Pike interview". The Daily Telegraph.
  117. ^ "Hammersmith's Local Community Web Site". Hammersmithtoday.co.uk. 51.490405 –0.232193. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  118. ^ Shields, Rachel (2 May 2010). "Imogen Poots: A bright young thing who won't suffer for her art". The Independent. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
  119. ^ Sabbagh, Dan (9 February 2018). "After decades in the making, Rees-Mogg's time may be coming". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  120. ^ Bennett, Clare (22 January 2018). "Inside Jacob Rees-Mogg". Tatler. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  121. ^ "Interview: Toby Regbo". Movie Ramblings. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
  122. ^ Slaughter, Andy (14 January 2016). "The Alan Rickman I remember: a good man, a Labour activist - and a local boy". New Statesman.
  123. ^ "Player profile: Luke Stoughton". CricketArchive. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  124. ^ Raphael, Amy (20 January 2012). "Hammersmith homegirl Estelle back for more global glory". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  125. ^ Edmonds, Lizzie (3 October 2016). "Suki Waterhouse: 'I shouldn't care but I get upset when people send me negative tweets'". Evening Standard.
  126. ^ Larkin, Colin (27 May 2011). The Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Omnibus Press. p. 2006. ISBN 978-0-85712-595-8.

External links[edit]