Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic
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This is an information page. It describes the editing community's established practice on some aspect or aspects of Wikipedia's norms and customs. It is not one of Wikipedia's policies or guidelines, as it has not been thoroughly vetted by the community. |
The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hejazi Arabic language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Hejazi Arabic phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Urban Hejazi Arabic.
The romanization of the examples is based on the romanization system used on Wiktionary.
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Notes[edit]
- ^ In general Hejazis alternate between the three letters ⟨ث⟩ pronounced /θ, t, or s/, ⟨ذ⟩ pronounced /ð, d, or z/ and ⟨ظ⟩ pronounced /dˤ, zˤ/ or [ðˤ] (allophone), on the other hand ⟨ض⟩ is pronounced /zˤ/ only in words derived from the two trilateral roots ⟨ض ب ط⟩ and ⟨ض ر ط⟩.
- ^ a b the affricate /d͡ʒ/ ⟨ج⟩ and the trill /r/ ⟨ر⟩ are realised as a [ʒ] (English s in pleasure) and a tap [ɾ] respectively by a number of speakers or in a number of words.
- ^ a b The phonemes /θ/ and /ð/ are used fully or partially and mostly by younger speakers due to the influence of Modern Standard Arabic and other dialects in the Arabian Peninsula, for older speakers they mainly occur in Classical Arabic borrowings and foreign loanwords.
- ^ [q] is an allophone of /ɡ/ ⟨ق⟩ and it only occurs in few phrases and words due to the influence of Modern Standard Arabic.
- ^ The marginal phoneme /ɫ/ only occurs in the word الله /aɫːaːh/ ('god') and words derived from it, such as يلا /jaɫːa/ "come on", they contrast in والله /waɫːa/ ('i swear') vs. ولَّا /walːa/ ('or').
- ^ [ðˤ] is an optional allophone of the grapheme ⟨ظ⟩. In general, most urban Hejazi speakers pronounce it as /zˤ/ or merge it with /dˤ/ depending on the word.
- ^ The phonemes /p/ and /v/ are only found in loanwords and they can be substituted by /b/ and /f/ respectively depending on the speaker, /tʃ/ occurs only in loanwords as well and it is not considered to be part of the phonemic inventory but as a sequence of /t/ ⟨ت⟩ and /ʃ/ ⟨ش⟩.
- ^ a b Word initial and medial /u/ is typically pronounced [ʊ] or [o̞] depending on the word and speaker, but strictly pronounced [u] at the end of words, and before /w/.
- ^ a b Word initial and medial /i/ is typically pronounced [ɪ] or [e̞] depending on the word and speaker, but strictly pronounced [i] at the end of words, and before /j/
- ^ [ɑː] is an optional allophone for /aː/ in some words such as ألمانيا [almɑːnja] ('Germany'), بابا [bɑːbɑ] ('dad') and يابان [jaːbɑːn] ('Japan').