From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
The charts show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Manchu pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
| Consonants
|
| IPA |
Manchu |
Romanization |
English approximation
|
| n
|
ᠨ
|
n
|
night
|
| ŋ
|
ᠩ
|
ng
|
sing
|
| qʰ
|
ᡴ᠌
|
k
|
Multicultural London English kettle
|
| q
|
ᡤ
|
g
|
Multicultural London English scare
|
| χ
|
ᡥ
|
h
|
South African English gogga
|
| p
|
ᠪ
|
b
|
spill
|
| pʰ
|
ᡦ
|
p
|
pace
|
| s
|
ᠰ
|
s
|
sun
|
| ʃ
|
ᡧ
|
š
|
shape
|
| ɕ
|
ᠰ, ᡧ
|
s, š, x
|
sheep
|
| tʰ
|
ᡨ
|
t
|
tale
|
| t
|
ᡩ
|
d
|
stamp
|
| l
|
ᠯ
|
l
|
lamp
|
| m
|
ᠮ
|
m
|
mail
|
| t͡ʃʰ
|
ᠴ
|
č, c
|
charm with a puff of air
|
| t͡ɕʰ
|
ᠴ
|
č, c, q
|
cheap with a puff of air
|
| t͡ʃ
|
ᠵ
|
j, ž, zh
|
riches
|
| t͡ɕ
|
ᠵ
|
j, ž
|
jeep
|
| j
|
ᠶ
|
y
|
yours
|
| kʰ
|
ᡴ, ᠺ
|
k; k'
|
car
|
| k
|
ᡤ, ᡬ
|
g; g'
|
scar
|
| x
|
ᡥ, ᡭ
|
h; h'
|
Scottish English loch
|
| r
|
ᡵ
|
r
|
roll (trill)
|
| f
|
ᡶ
|
f
|
full
|
| w
|
ᠸ
|
w
|
wish
|
| tsʰ
|
ᡮ
|
c'; c'y
|
tsunami with a puff of air
|
| ts
|
ᡯ
|
dz, z
|
cats
|
| ɻ
|
ᡰ
|
ž, r'
|
real
|
| tʂʰ
|
ᡱ
|
c'; c'y
|
cheap with a puff of air
|
| tʂ
|
ᡷ
|
j', j'y
|
jeep
|
|
| Vowels
|
| IPA |
Manchu |
Romanization |
English approximation
|
| a
|
ᠠ
|
a
|
car
|
| ə
|
ᡝ
|
e
|
fern
|
| i
|
ᡳ
|
i
|
see
|
| ɔ
|
ᠣ
|
o
|
off
|
| u
|
ᡠ
|
u
|
moon
|
| ʊ
|
ᡡ
|
ū, v
|
foot
|
| ɨ
|
ᡟ
|
y
|
circus (in some dialects)
|
| y
|
ᡳᠣᡳ
|
ioi
|
(none, German ü)
|
| Diphthongs
|
| ai
|
ᠠᡳ
|
ai
|
eye
|
| aʊ
|
ᠠᠣ
|
ao
|
cow
|
| əi
|
ᡝᡳ
|
ei
|
hay
|
| ɔu
|
ᠣᠣ
|
oo
|
bow and arrow
|
|
- ᡴ, ᡤ, ᡥ are used before /a/, /ɔ/ and /u/; ᡴ᠌, ᡤ, ᡥ are used before /ə/, /i/, and /ʊ/.
- ᠰ and ᡧ are pronounced /ɕ/ before /i/.
- ᠴ is pronounced /t͡ɕʰ/ before /i/.
- ᠵ is pronounced /t͡ɕ/ before /i/.
- ᡦ is rarely used in modern Manchu, and is often replaced by ᡶ in native words, except in onomatopoeia.
- Syllable-initial and final ᠯ and ᡵ only exist in foreign words.
- ᡟ, ᡳᠣᡳ, ᠺ, ᡬ, ᡭ, ᡮ, ᡱ, ᡯ, ᡰ, and ᡷ are used in foreign words.
|
|---|
|
| Comparisons | |
|---|
| Introductory guides | |
|---|