Help:IPA/Sicilian
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This is an information page. It describes the editing community's established practice on some aspect or aspects of Wikipedia's norms and customs. It is not one of Wikipedia's policies or guidelines, as it has not been thoroughly vetted by the community. |
The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Sicilian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Sicilian phonology and Sicilian vowel system for a more thorough look at the sounds of Sicilian.
To learn more about the correspondence between spelling and sounds, see Sicilian orthography.
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Notes[edit]
- ^ If a consonant is doubled after a vowel, it is geminated. In IPA, gemination can be represented either by doubling the consonant (fattu [ˈfattʊ], mezzu [ˈmɛttsʊ]) or by the length marker ⟨ː⟩. Sicilian, like standard Italian, also has a sandhi phenomenon called syntactic gemination, generally not represented graphically: e.g. è loncu [ˌɛ lˈlɔŋkʊ].
- ^ a b c d e f /b/, /dʒ/, /ɖ/, /ɲ/, /ʃ/ and /ts/ are always geminated after a vowel, before a vowel or a semivowel.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o In a few (but not all) dialects, /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /ʈ/, /k/, /c/ and for some even /f/, when preceded by a nasal, may be replaced by their voiced counterparts [b], [d], [dz], [dʒ], [ɖ], [ɡ], [ɟ], [v].
- ^ a b The common realization of vowel-following single /d/ is [ɾ].
- ^ a b c d e f ⟨s⟩ may be rendered as [ʃ]~[ɕ] before voiceless consonants, [ʒ]~[ʑ] before voiced or nasal consonants, and is always [ts]~[dz] after a nasal; it merges with following /ʈ/~/ʈʂ/ giving [ʂː] (e.g. finestra [fɪˈnɛʂː(ɽ)a]).
- ^ If the two characters ⟨ɡ⟩ and ⟨
⟩ do not match and if the first looks like a ⟨γ⟩, then you have an issue with your default font. See Help:IPA § Rendering issues.
- ^ a b c When not geminated nor preceded by a consonant, /ɡ/ and /ɟ/ may also be realized as [ɣ] / [j], respectively, or dropped.
- ^ a b c d After ⟨n⟩, /ɡ/ and /ɟ/ might nasalize to [ŋ] / [ɲ], respectively (e.g. lingua [ˈliŋŋwa]).
- ^ a b When /j/ is geminated or preceded by a nasal it is replaced by [ɟ] (e.g. un jencu [uɲ ˈɟɛŋkʊ]~[uɲ ˈɲɛŋkʊ]).
- ^ a b c d e Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nk/~/nɡ/ is a velar [ŋ], the one in /nc/~/nɟ/~/nɲ/ is a palatal [ɲ], the one in /nʈ/~/nɖ/ is a retroflex [ɳ], and the one in /nf/~/nv/ is a labiodental [ɱ] (though for simplicity ⟨m⟩ is used here). A nasal before /p/, /b/ and /m/ is a labial [m].
- ^ a b ⟨r⟩ has a variety of realizations, the most common of which are: [ɾ] if single, though usually [ɽ] after ⟨d⟩ / ⟨t⟩ (or even [ɹ̝]~[ʐ] / [ɹ̝̊]~[ʂ], respectively); [ɾː], [rː], [ɹ̝ː] or [ʐː] if geminated. At the beginning of a word it is always geminated.
- ^ Always geminated.
- ^ a b When not geminated nor following another consonant, /tʃ/ tends to be pronounced [ʃ].
- ^ In recent borrowings, mostly from Italian, and certain limited compounds, /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ might also appear in unstressed position (e.g. ristoranti [ɾːɪstɔˈɾantɪ], comegghiè [kɔmɛɟˈɟɛ]).
- ^ Salentino contrasts unstressed /i/ and /e/.
- ^ Vowels are long when stressed in non-final open syllables: vèniri [ˈvɛːnɪɾɪ] ~ vènniri [ˈvɛnnɪɾɪ], or when they are the result of phonetic mergers, in which case they are spelled with a circumflex: nta lu = ntô, pi lu = pû.
External links[edit]
- Avolio, Francesco. "siciliani, calabresi e salentini, dialetti" [Sicilian, Calabrian and Salentine dialects]. Enciclopedia Treccani (in Italian).