Hong Kong legislative election, 2016

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Hong Kong legislative election, 2016
Hong Kong
2012 ←
4 September 2016 → 2020
outgoing members ←

All 70 seats to the Legislative Council
Opinion polls
  Starry Lee Andrew Leung Alan Leong
Leader Starry Lee Andrew Leung Alan Leong
Party DAB BPA Civic
Alliance Pro-Beijing Pro-Beijing Pro-democracy
Leader's seat District Council (Second) Industrial (First) Kowloon East
Last election 13 seats, 20.22% New party 6 seats, 14.08%
Current seats 13 7 6

  Emily Lau Lam Suk-yee Vincent Fang
Leader Emily Lau Lam Suk-yee Vincent Fang
Party Democratic FTU Liberal
Alliance Pro-democracy Pro-Beijing Pro-Beijing
Leader's seat New Territories East No seat Retiring from Wholesale and Retail
Last election 6 seats, 13.65% 6 seats, 7.06% 5 seats, 2.64%
Current seats 6 6 5

  Suzanne Wu Erica Yuen Regina Ip
Leader Suzanne Wu Erica Yuen
and Avery Ng
Regina Ip
Party Labour PP/LSD NPP
Alliance Pro-democracy Pro-democracy Pro-Beijing
Leader's seat No seat (standing in Kowloon East) No seat (standing in Hong Kong Island) Hong Kong Island
Last election 4 seats, 6.19% 4 seats, 14.59% 2 seats, 3.76%
Current seats 4 3 2

LegCoElection2016.svg

Elected candidates by each constituency

Incumbent President

Tsang Yok-sing
DAB



The 2016 Hong Kong Legislative Council election will be held on 4 September 2016 for the 6th Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo). A total of 70 members, 35 from geographical constituencies (GCs) and 35 from functional constituencies (FCs), will be returned. The election comes after the rejection of the constitutional reform proposals which suggested the electoral method for the 2016 Legislative Council remains unchanged.

The Electoral Affairs Commission (EAC) sparked controversy as it disqualified six of the potential localist candidates from running in the election as it claimed their pro-independence stances did not comply with the Basic Law of Hong Kong.

Background[edit]

Electoral reform failure and Umbrella Revolution[edit]

The election comes after the rejection of constitutional reform proposals of the Leung Chun-ying administration in mid-2015 which suggested the electoral method for the Legislative Council (LegCo) in 2016 be unchanged.[1] On 31 August 2014, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) set limits for the 2016 Legislative Council and 2017 Chief Executive elections. While reaffirming the electoral method for the 2016 Legislative Council election remained unchanged, the NPCSC decision allowed the Chief Executive (CE) to be directly elected but "unpatriotic" candidates would have to be screened out by a Beijing-controlled nominating committee.[2] In response to the NPCSC decision, the student activists staged a class boycott which led into a months-long large-scale occupy movement as proposed by the Occupy Central, which was referred as the "Umbrella Revolution".[3][4]

The government proposals were overwhelmingly rejected in the Legislative Council following a failed walk-out by the pro-Beijing camp on 18 June 2015. In response, Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying urged the voters to "punish" the opposition democratic candidates by voting them out in the upcoming legislative election.[5]

ThunderGo plan[edit]

In early 2016, Occupy Central co-founder Benny Tai, who was inspired by the electoral victory the Democratic Progressive Party received in the 2016 Taiwanese legislative election, mapped out a "ThunderGo plan" for pan-democrats to grab half of the seats in the Legislative Council election to have much stronger bargaining power in future political reform. He suggests the non-pro-Beijing camp to field no more than 23 lists if their goal is to win 23 seats in the geographical constituencies, six tickets for nine-seat New Territories West and New Territories East, four tickets for six-seat Hong Kong Island and Kowloon West, and three for five-seat Kowloon East respectively.[6] For the functional constituencies, Tai suggested that besides retaining the current six trade-based functional constituencies and three territory-wide directly elected District Council (Second) super seats, the camp needs to target three additional seats in Medical, Engineering and Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape.[6] The plan met with reservations from the very diverse interests within pro-democracy political parties, who could not agree on a united front. Tai's plan hit its setback when the Neo Democrats decided not to support the proposed coordinating mechanism for the District Council (Second) super seats in May.[6][7]

Emergence of new political forces[edit]

The emergence of new political groups led by young activists began to influence the political landscape: Edward Leung of Hong Kong Indigenous, a pro-independence localist group, received a better-than expected result in the New Territories East by-election in February 2016 by taking more than 66,000 votes and gaining about 15 percent of the total votes. After the election, Leung claimed localism had gained a foothold as the third most important power in local politics, standing side by side with the pan-democracy and pro-Beijing camps.[8] A day after the election, three localist groups, Wong Yuk-man's Proletariat Political Institute, Wong Yeung-tat's Civic Passion and Chin Wan's Hong Kong Resurgence Order, announced to run in the upcoming election.[9]

On 10 April 2016. six localist groups which emerged after the 2014 Umbrella Revolution, Youngspiration, Kowloon East Community, Tin Shui Wai New Force, Cheung Sha Wan Community Establishment Power, Tsz Wan Shan Constructive Power and Tuen Mun Community, formed an electoral alliance under the name "ALLinHK" planned to field candidates in four of the five geographical constituencies with the agenda to put forward a referendum on Hong Kong's self-determination,[10] while Hong Kong Indigenous and another new pro-independence Hong Kong National Party also stated that they will run in the upcoming election.

Also on 10 April 2016, the student leaders in the Umbrella Revolution, Joshua Wong, Oscar Lai and Agnes Chow of Scholarism and Nathan Law of the Hong Kong Federation of Students (HKFS) formed a new party called Demosistō.[11] The new party calls for referendum on Hong Kong's future after 2047 when the one country, two systems is supposed to expire.[12] and aimed to field candidates in Hong Kong Island and Kowloon East.

Ronny Tong's Path of Democracy and Tik Chi-yuen's Third Side, the two new political groups which split from the Civic Party and Democratic Party respectively, seek a middle path between the pro-Beijing camp and pan-democracy camp on achieving democracy, with plans to field candidates in the geographical constituency election.

The soaring number of political groups and candidates may split the pro-democracy votes, according to political scientist Professor Ma Ngok.[13]

Pre-election issues[edit]

Leung Chun-ying's re-election[edit]

The pan-democracy camp has campaigned to block Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying, whose popularity dropped to a new low, from serving a second term. Technology and media entrepreneur Ricky Wong Wai-kay, whose Hong Kong Television Network (HKTV) free-to-air television licence was denied by Leung's Executive Council in October 2013 and sparked public uproar and protests, also started his "ABC campaign" (Anyone but CY) by announcing Leung's exit as his key campaign platform.[14] Wong is backed by the Liberal Party, a pro-Beijing party representing the business sector which has been at odds with the Chief Executive since the 2012 Chief Executive election when the Liberals openly opposed Leung.

On 28 July, President of the Legislative Council Jasper Tsang and Financial Secretary John Tsang both expressed interest in running for the Chief Executive in 2017 in different occasions. Political analysts said that the duo's moves would take some pressure off pro-Beijing camp preparing for the Legislative Council election as pro-Beijing candidates had struggled when asked in public if they supported Leung's re-election.[15]

Causeway Bay bookseller disappearances[edit]

Lam Wing-kee, one of the five Causeway Bay booksellers who went missing from October 2015 returned to Hong Kong and revealed at a press conference in June 2016 that he was kidnapped at the China–Hong Kong border in October and put through eight months of mental torture. The controversy sparked concerns about whether mainland law enforcement officers were taking the law into their own hands in Hong Kong and became a blow to Hongkongers' confidence in the "one country, two systems". Professor Lau Siu-kai, former head of the Hong Kong government's think tank, the Central Policy Unit, worried that more people may vote for pan-democracy camp in September's election.[16]

Resignations of ICAC heads controversy[edit]

In July, acting head of the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) Rebecca Li Bo-lan resigned after she was removed from her position by ICAC commissioner Simon Peh Yun-lu, less than a year after he appointed her. The rare move amid speculation that Li was removed over an investigation into Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying's receipt of HK$50 million from Australian firm UGL Limited.[17] Less than a week later, long-serving ICAC principal investigator Dale Ko also resigned without any meaningful official explanation. The controversy sparked calls for a special Legislative Council investigation and raised fears about the reputation of the anti-corruption body.[18]

Ban on pro-independence candidates controversy[edit]

On 14 July 2016, the Electoral Affairs Commission (EAC) announced its plan to require all candidates to sign an additional "confirmation form" in the nomination to declare their understanding of Hong Kong being an inalienable part of China as stipulated in the Basic Law, in response to many potential localist candidates advocating or promoting Hong Kong independence. The EAC states that anyone making a false declaration in the nomination form is liable to criminal sanction.[19]

EAC returning officers also sent emails to several applicants who had not been confirmed as official candidates, including Hong Kong Indigenous' Edward Leung, Civic Passion's Alvin Cheng, Hong Kong National Party's Chan Ho-tin, to ask whether they would still advocate independence after submitting the nomination form.[20] Those questions were claimed to be a factor to determine the validity of their nominations.

After the end of the nomination period, six localist candidates received emails from the EAC which said their nominations were "invalidated", which included Chan Ho-tin, Democratic Progressive Party's Yeung Ke-cheong, Nationalist Hong Kong's Nakade Hitsujiko, Conservative Party's Alice Lai Yee-man, Hong Kong Indigenous' Edward Leung and independent Chan Kwok-keung, although many of them had signed the additional confirmation form; all except Yeung had signed the declaration statement in the nomination form saying they will "uphold the Basic Law and pledge allegiance to the Hong Kong SAR" as required by the Legislative Council Ordinance. New Territories East constituency returning officer Cora Ho Lai-sheung rejected Leung's nomination on the basis that she did not trust Leung "genuinely changed his previous stance for independence."[21][22]

Approval for promotional leaflets controversy[edit]

The Electoral Affairs Commission (EAC) was also accused of withholding approval for promotional leaflets with a number of pro-democracy candidates, including those of Democracy Groundwork's Lau Siu-lai, Demosistō's Nathan Law, pro-demcoracy activist Chu Hoi-dick, which contain words such as "self-determination" and "civil referendum". Lau accused the EAC of "engaging in political screening" and "picking on certain candidates."[23] A new version of Law's pamphlets was approved on Wednesday after the party replaced the phrases in question with icons such as the sun, moon and stars. The revised pamphlets was added with words stating the content was subject to "universe-scale political censorship".[24]

Contesting parties and candidates[edit]

A historic record of 289 validly nominated candidates contested in the election, two more than the previous election, after seven candidates were disqualified, six of whom due to their pro-independence stance, and two withdrew their candidatures. 84 lists with a total of 213 candidates contested the 35 geographical constituencies, while 55 candidates contested in the traditional functional constituencies, 43 of them ran for 18 seats in the functional constituencies. A total of 21 candidates belonging to 9 lists contested the five "super seats" in the District Council (Second) functional constituency.[25]

Pro-Beijing camp[edit]

Pan-democracy camp[edit]

Localist groups[edit]

Others[edit]

  • Path of Democracy: The group led by former Civic Party legislator Ronny Tong fielded two candidates, governors Gary Wong Chi-him and Raymond Mak Ka-chun in Hong Kong Island and New Territories East.[48][49]
  • Third Side: The new "middle-of-the-road" party led by former Democratic Party vice-chairman Tik Chi-yuen planned to field candidates in Kowloon West and two New Territories constituencies, but later dropped out of the New Territories East contest and triggered the departure of ten party member including two vice-chairmen Marcus Liu Tin-shing and Ben Kuen Ping-yiu.[50][51][52] Liu and Kuen later led an independent ticket in New Territories East; another party member Wong Sing-chi decided to run in Social Welfare as an independent.

Retiring incumbents[edit]

Constituency Departing incumbents Party
Hong Kong Island Kenneth Chan Ka-lok Civic
Jasper Tsang Yok-sing DAB
Kowloon East Chan Kam-lam DAB
New Territories West Tam Yiu-chung DAB
Heung Yee Kuk Lau Wong-fat BPA
Medical Leung Ka-lau Nonpartisan
Social Welfare Cheung Kwok-che Labour/SWGU
Industrial (Second) Lam Tai-fai Nonpartisan
Finance Ng Leung-sing Nonpartisan
Wholesale and Retail Vincent Fang Kang Liberal
District Council (First) Ip Kwok-him DAB
District Council (Second) Chan Yuen-han FTU

Campaign[edit]

Election strategies[edit]

Many political parties and groups and individuals formed strategic alliances in the campaign. Alvin Yeung of the Civic Party who led in the opinion polls in the New Territories East cooperated with Labour Party's Fernando Cheung who traced behind in the polls. Leung Yiu-chung of the Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre (NWSC) who ran in the territory-wide District Council (Second) "super seat" also had joint-promotional leaflets with Lau Siu-lai of Democracy Groundwork in Kowloon West. Liberal Party honorary chairman James Tien who was running in the New Territories East and "middle-of-the-road" politician Ricky Wong Wai-kay who aimed at the last seat in Hong Kong Island also went out of their constituencies and campaigned for each other. James Tien also campaigned for the "middle-of-the-road" party Third Side's Tik Chi-yuen who aimed at the last seat in Kowloon West against Yau Wai-ching of the localist political group Youngspiration.[53] On 15 August, it was reported that volunteers and staff from Kowloon West New Dynamic chaired by pro-Beijing politician Priscilla Leung helped Tik arrange a meet-the-public event in Sham Shui Po.[54]

In the District Council (Second) constituency, the Democratic Party also asked the supporters of veteran James To who led in the polls to vote for another Democrat candidate Roy Kwong who was fighting for the last seat against Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) candidate Holden Chow.[55] The Democratic Party invited former Chief Secretary Anson Chan to back Kwong, who also endorse Civic Party's Sumly Chan in the same constituency.[56]

In late August, the pro-Beijing parties also began to campaign for each other. DAB District Council (Second) candidate Holden Chow campaigned for New People's Party (NPP) New Territories East candidate Eunice Yung who was behind in the opinion polls, in exchange for the 24 NPP New Territories district councillors to campaign for Chow. Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) District Council (Second) candidate Wong Kwok-hing also campaigned with Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong (BPA) Kowloon West candidate Priscilla Leung, the only constituency where the FTU did not field their candidate.[57]

Issues and election forums[edit]

Issues including Hong Kong independence, filibustering, universal retirement protection scheme, standard working hours and Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying's administration and re-election took central stage at the election forums. Pro-Beijing candidates questioned pan-democratic parties' stance on Hong Kong independence, while localist Kowloon East Community's Chan Chak-to declared his support for independence at the TVB Kowloon East electoral forum despite six pro-independence candidates had been disqualified. Localist candidates exchanged criticisms with the pan-democrats as the pan-democratic candidates dismissed localists' pro-independence call as empty talk.[58]

The pro-Beijing candidates also accused the pan-democrats of their filibustering and obstructionism in the Legislative Council, while pan-democratic candidates attacked the pro-Beijing candidates did not push for a more progressive universal retirement protection scheme and standard working hours policies. The pan-democrats also criticised the pro-Beijing camp being allies of the Leung Chun-ying government and opposed to use Powers and Privileges Ordinance to investigate into Leung's receipt of HK$50 million from UGL Limited and resignations of ICAC heads.

Ken Chow's "threats" claim[edit]

On 25 August, Liberal Party’s Ken Chow Wing-kan who ran for New Territories West announced he would stop his electioneering at the Cable TV election forum for fear of "people close to him paying a heavy price". He earlier revealed that he was approached by a middleman to quit the race for a hefty sum of money.[59] Chow passed a voice clip to the media before the election forum, in which a man claimed he would bring 20 to 30 Ho supporters to "pursue" Chow before and after the forum so that he would "lose mood" for the debate. The man in the clip also said the supporters should wear another candidate Lawyer Junius Ho’s vests during the forum.[60] Ho denied having any plans to intimidate Chow and claimed he had rejected one of his supporters' proposal to “pursue” Chow.[61]

Late development[edit]

As the opinion polls showed he was losing, on 27 August a week before the election day,radical localist incumbent legislator Wong Yuk-man who offered support to pro-independence Hong Kong Indigenous' Edward Leung in the February New Territories East by-election shot fire at Leung for helping Yau Wai-ching of the localist group Youngspiration in Kowloon West where that he was also contesting. Wong questions Leung’s political ethics for not helping Civic Passion's Alvin Cheng in Hong Kong Island and declares: "[You] have turned into a political trickster before becoming a lawmaker." Leung dismissed the conflict as a "misunderstanding", saying he had already suggested offering help to Cheng.[56]

Opinion polling[edit]

  DAB
  PP–LSD
  Civic
  Democratic
  FTU
  Labour
  NPP
  Liberal
  BPA
  CP–PPI–HKRO
  ALLinHK
  Demosistō

The reliability of the rolling poll conducted by the University of Hong Kong Public Opinion Programme (HKUPOP) was widely questioned. The sample size of the poll, fewer than 300 respondents in each of the five geographical constituencies each day, was criticised of being too small. Additionally, pollsters only mentioned the first candidate on the list during interviews which could have made a difference in the results, as many veterans, including Democrats Sin Chung-kai, Albert Ho and Emily Lau, Liberal James Tien, Civic Party's Alan Leong, and People Power Albert Chan, stood in the second place behind the new faces on their party lists while their lists continued to trail behind in the polls.[55] After the complaints, the HKUPOP decided to mention two candidates on the candidate list to respondents from 22 August night onwards.[62]

Results[edit]

e • d Summary of the 4 September 2016 Legislative Council of Hong Kong election results
Political affiliation
Geographical Constituencies Traditional
FC seats
District Council (Second) FC Total
seats
±
Votes
%
±pp
Seats
Votes
% ±pp
Seats
Civic
Democratic
Labour
PP–LSD
People Power
LSD
Professional Commons
NWSC
ADPL
Neo Democrats
PTU
Demosistō New
Democracy Groundwork New
Christians to the World New
HKLP New
Pioneer of Victoria Park New
Independent democrats
Total for pro-democrats
BPA N/A 3
DAB 2
FTU 2
FLU 1
Liberal
NPP
New Forum
Justice Alliance
Politihk SS
VLHK
Pro-Beijing independents 4
Total for pro-Beijing camp
CP–PPI–HKRO N/A
Civic Passion
PPI N/A
HKRO New
ALLinHK New
Youngspiration New
EKC New
TSWNF New
Localist others
Total for localists
Path of Democracy New
Third Side New
Non-aligned independents
Total for non-aligned others
Total 35 30 5 70 -
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Registered voters 3,779,085 100.00 +9.03 3,473,792 100.00 +7.89

Candidate lists and results[edit]

As of 29 July 2016, the nominations received by the Electoral Affairs Commission listed as following:[63]

Geographical Constituencies (35 seats)[edit]

Voting system: Party-list proportional representation with largest remainder method and Hare quota.

Results of the Geographical Constituencies
Hong Kong Island
List № Party/Allegiance Candidate(s) won Not elected Votes Votes % Seat(s) won
1 Path of Democracy Gary Wong Chi-him
2 People Power Christopher Lau Gar-hung, Erica Yuen Mi-ming
3 NPP Regina Ip Lau Suk-yee, Judy Chan Ka-pui, Joey Lee Man-lung, Tse Tsz-kei, Hung Lung-chuen, Gigi Wong Ching-chi
4 Labour Cyd Ho Sau-lan, Mak Tak-ching, Cheng Sze-lut
5 DAB Cheung Kwok-kwan, Christopher Chung Shu-kun, Jacqueline Chung Ka-man, Ada Mak Tse How-king, Eddie Ting Kong-ho, Dominic Wong Chi-chung
6 Nonpartisan Chim Pui-chung
7 Civic Passion Alvin Cheng Kam-moon, Bonix Chung Yuen-wun
8 Demosistō Nathan Law Kwun-chung
9 Nonpartisan Shum Chee-chiu
10 Nonpartisan Ricky Wong Wai-kay
11 Nonpartisan Chui Chi-kin
12 Independent democrat Paulus Johannes Zimmerman
13 Democratic Hui Chi-fung, Sin Chung-kai
14 Civic Tanya Chan, Cheng Tat-hung
15 FTU Kwok Wai-keung, Ng Chau-pei, Stanley Ho Ngai-kam, Lui Hung-pan, Chan Wing-yan
TOTAL (Quota: 16.67%) 6
Kowloon West
List № Party/Allegiance Candidate(s) won Not elected Votes Votes % Seat(s) won
1 LSD Avery Ng Man-yuen
2 HKLP Jonathan Ho Chi-kwong
3 Civic Claudia Mo Man-ching, Joshua Li Chun-hei
4 BPA/KWND Leung Mei-fun, Leung Man-kwong, Cho Wui-hung, Kacee Ting Wong, Leung Yuen-ting, Chan Kwok-wai
5 ADPL Tam Kwok-kiu, Yeung Yuk, Wong Wing-kit
6 PVP Chu Siu-hung
7 PPI Wong Yuk-man, Ma Yu-sang
8 Democratic Wong Pik-wan, Yuen Hoi-man, Joshua Fung Man-tao, Chau Man-fong
9 Independent Lam Yi-lai, Au Wing-ho
10 DAB Ann Chiang Lai-wan, Chris Ip Ngo-tung, Chan Wai-ming, Sin Tin-hung, Cheung Tak-wai
11 Politihk SS Kwan San-wai, Ko Chi-keung
12 DG Lau Siu-lai
13 Youngspiration Yau Wai-ching
14 Nonpartisan Augustine Lee Wing-hon, Foo Wai-kok
15 Third Side Tik Chi-yuen, Wong Chun-long, Pang Yi-ting, Chen Lihong
TOTAL (Quota: 16.67%) 6
Kowloon East
List № Party/Allegiance Candidate(s) won Not elected Votes Votes % Seat(s) won
1 FTU Wong Kwok-kin, Chow Luen-kiu, Kan Ming-tung, Kwok Wang-hing
2 Labour Wu Sui-shan, Chiu Shi-shun
3 VLHK Patrick Ko Tat-pun
4 Frontier Tam Heung-man
5 Nonpartisan Paul Tse Wai-chun
6 DAB Wilson Or Chong-shing, Joe Lai Wing-ho, Cheung Ki-tang
7 Nonpartisan Lui Wing-kei
8 Democratic Wu Chi-wai, Mok Kin-shing, Cheng Keng-ieong, Wu Chi-kin
9 Civic Jeremy Jansen Tam Man-ho, Alan Leong Kah-kit
10 Civic Passion Wong Yeung-tat
11 KEC Chan Chak-to
12 People Power Tam Tak-chi
TOTAL (Quota: 20.00%) 5
New Territories West
List № Party/Allegiance Candidate(s) won Not elected Votes Votes % Seat(s) won
1 NWSC Wong Yun-tat, Leung Ching-shan, Rayman Chow Wai-hung
2 Democratic Andrew Wan Siu-kin, Ho Chun-yan, Lee Wing-tat, Catherine Wong Lai-sheung, Lam Siu-fai
3 Politihk SS Ko Chi-fai, Innes Tang Tak-shing
4 Liberal Chow Wing-kan
5 Civic Passion Cheng Chung-tai, Cheung Yiu-sum
6 Nonpartisan Kwong Koon-wan
7 NPP Michael Tien Puk-sun, Wilson Wong Wai-shun, So Ka-man, Tsui Hiu-kit, Kam Man-fung, Cheng Chit-pun, Sammi Fu Hiu-lam
8 Independent Ho Kwan-yiu
9 DAB/NTAS Leung Che-cheung, Lui Kin, Ken Wong Hon-kuen, Yip Man-pan, Chiu Kwan-siu, Lai Ka-man
10 Civic Kwok Ka-ki, Sin Ho-fai
11 LSD/PP Wong Ho-ming, Albert Chan Wai-yip
12 Labour Lee Cheuk-yan, Chiu Yan-loy
13 Youngspiration/TSWNF Wong Chun-kit, Wong Pak-yu
14 FTU Alice Mak Mei-kuen, Yiu Kwok-wai, Kot Siu-yuen, Fung Pui-yin, Lau Chin-pang
15 ADPL Frederick Fung Kin-kee
16 DAB Chan Han-pan, Kwok Fu-ying, Lai Sai-lung, Leung Kar-ming, Chan Chun-chung, Lui Dik-ming, Pau Ming-hong
17 Nonpartisan Clarice Cheung Wai-ching
18 Christians to the World Hendrick Lui Chi-hang
19 Nonpartisan Tong Wing-chi
20 Nonpartisan Eddie Chu Hoi-dick
TOTAL (Quota: 11.11%) 9
New Territories East
List № Party/Allegiance Candidate(s) won Not elected Votes Votes % Seat(s) won
1 Independent Christine Fong Kwok-shan
2 Democratic Lam Cheuk-ting, Emily Lau Wai-hing, Ting Tsz-yuen, Ng Kam-hung, Lo Ying-cheung
3 Nonpartisan Liu Tin-shing, Kuen Ping-yiu, Li Wai
4 HKRO/CP Chin Wan-kan, Marco Lee Kwok-hei
5 LSD Leung Kwok-hung
6 Labour Cheung Chiu-hung, Kwok Wing-kin
7 Civic Alvin Yeung Ngok-kiu
8 Path of Democracy Raymond Mak Ka-chun
9 Independent Andrew Cheng Kar-foo
10 DAB Elizabeth Quat, Chong Yuen-tung, Tung King-lei, Chan Pok-chi, Alvin Chiu Man-leong, Philip Li Ka-leung, Wan Kai-ming, Ada Lo Tai-suen, Alf Wong Chi-yung
11 Nonpartisan Hau Chi-keung, Wong Shui-sang, Pang Wang-kin, Yip Wah-ching
12 Liberal Dominic Lee Tsz-king, James Tien Pei-chun
13 FTU Tang Ka-piu, Tam Kam-lin, Kent Tsang King-chung
14 Neo Democrats Gary Fan Kwok-wai, Yam Kai-bong, Leung Li, Chung Kam-lun, Chan Wai-tat, Li Sai-hung, Chow Yuen-wai, Lui Man-kwong
15 Nonpartisan Estella Chan Yuk-ngor
16 Independent Wong Sum-yu
17 Justice Alliance Leticia Lee See-yin
18 People Power Raymond Chan Chi-chuen
19 Youngspiration/Nonpartisan Sixtus Leung Chung-hang, Li Tung-sing
20 Independent Clarence Ronald Leung Kam-shing, Yau Man-king
21 NPP/CF Yung Hoi-yan, Stanley Lanny Tam, Leung Ka-fai, Chan Man-kuen, Tong Hok-leung, James Yip Chi-ho, Michael Liu Tsz-chung
22 DAB/NTAS Chan Hak-kan, Clement Woo Kin-man, Yiu Ming, Wong Pik-kiu, Larm Wai-leung, Tsang Hing-lung, Mui Siu-fung, Hau Hon-shek
TOTAL (Quota: 11.11%) 9

District Council (Second) Functional Constituency (5 seats)[edit]

Voting system: Party-list proportional representation with largest remainder method and Hare quota.

District Council (Second) Functional Constituency
List № Party/Allegiance Candidate(s) won Not elected Votes Votes % Seat(s) won
801 Democratic James To Kun-sun
802 DAB Starry Lee Wai-king, Hung Lin-cham, Chu Lap-wai, Ngan Man-yu, Siu Ka-yi
803 Democratic Kwong Chun-yu
804 ADPL Kalvin Ho Kai-ming
805 Civic Sumly Chan Yuen-sum
806 FTU Wong Kwok-hing, Mok Kin-wing, Wong Wang-to, Lau Kwai-yung
807 Neo Democrats Kwan Wing-yip, Hui Yui-yu, Lai Ming-chak
808 NWSC Leung Yiu-chung
809 DAB Holden Chow Ho-ding, Li Sai-wing, Nixie Lam Lam, Mo Shing-fung
TOTAL (Quota: 20.00%) 5

Other Functional Constituencies (30 seats)[edit]

Voting systems: Different voting systems apply to different functional constituencies, namely for the Heung Yee Kuk, Agriculture and Fisheries, Insurance and Transport, the preferential elimination system of voting was used; and for the remaining 24 FCs the first-past-the-post voting system.[64]

Results of the Functional Constituencies (excluding District Council (Second) constituency)
Constituency Incumbent Result Candidate(s)
Heung Yee Kuk Lau Wong-fat
(BPA)
Incumbent retired
BPA hold
Kenneth Lau Ip-keung (BPA)
uncontested
Agriculture and Fisheries Steven Ho Chun-yin
(DAB)
Steven Ho Chun-yin (DAB)
Wong Yung-kan (Nonpartisan)
Insurance Chan Kin-por
(Independent)
Incumbent hold Chan Kin-por (Independent)
uncontested
Transport Frankie Yick Chi-ming
(Liberal)
Frankie Yick Chi-ming (Liberal)
Yau Ying-wah (Nonpartisan)
Education Ip Kin-yuen
(PTU)
Choi Yuk-lin (Nonpartisan)
Ip Kin-yuen (PTU)
Legal Dennis Kwok Wing-hang
(Civic)
Dennis Kwok Wing-hang (Civic)
Catherine Mun Lee-ming (Nonpartisan)
Accountancy Kenneth Leung Kai-cheong
(PC)
Kenneth Leung Kai-cheong (PC)
Kenneth Chen Yung-ngai (Independent)
Medical Leung Ka-lau
(Nonpartisan)
Incumbent retired Wong Yee-him (Nonpartisan)
Pierre Chan (Nonpartisan)
Health Services Joseph Lee Kok-long
(Nonpartisan)
Joseph Lee Kok-long (Nonpartisan)
Philip Choi Pui-wah (Nonpartisan)
Engineering Lo Wai-kwok
(BPA)
Lo Wai-kwok (BPA)
Louis Ching Ming-tat (Independent)
John Luk Wang-kwong (Nonpartisan)
Architectural, Surveying and Planning Tony Tse Wai-chuen
(Independent)
Yiu Chung-yim (Nonpartisan)
Tony Tse Wai-chuen (Independent)
Bernard Vincent Lim Wan-fung (Nonpartisan)
Labour (3 seats) Poon Siu-ping (FLU) Incumbent hold Poon Siu-ping (FLU)
uncontested
Kwok Wai-keung (FTU) Incumbent running for HKI GC
FTU hold
Ho Kai-ming (FTU)
uncontested
Tang Ka-piu (FTU) Incumbent running for NTE GC
FTU hold
Luk Chung-hung (FTU)
uncontested
Social Welfare Cheung Kwok-che
(SWGU/Labour)
Incumbent retired Yip Kin-chung (Nonpartisan)
Shiu Ka-chun (Independent)
Kwan Yui-huen (Nonpartisan)
Tsang Kin-chiu (Nonpartisan)
Wong Sing-chi (Nonpartisan)
Real Estate and Construction Abraham Shek Lai-him
(BPA)
Incumbent hold Abraham Shek Lai-him (BPA)
uncontested
Tourism Yiu Si-wing
(Nonpartisan)
Yiu Si-wing (Nonpartisan)
Lam Siu-lun (Nonpartisan)
Freddy Yip Hing-ning (Nonpartisan)
Commercial (First) Jeffrey Lam Kin-fung
(BPA)
Joseph Chan Ho-lim (Liberal)
Jeffrey Lam Kin-fung (BPA)
Commercial (Second) Martin Liao Cheung-kong
(Nonpartisan)
Incumbent hold Martin Liao Cheung-kong (Nonpartisan)
uncontested
Industrial (First) Andrew Leung Kwan-yuen
(BPA)
Incumbent hold Andrew Leung Kwan-yuen (BPA)
uncontested
Industrial (Second) Lam Tai-fai
(Nonpartisan)
Incumbent retired
Nonpartisan gain
Ng Wing-ka (Nonpartisan)
uncontested
Finance Ng Leung-sing
(Nonpartisan)
Incumbent retired
Nonpartisan gain
Chan Chun-ying (Nonpartisan)
uncontested
Financial Services Christopher Cheung Wah-fung
(BPA)
Christopher Cheung Wah-fung (BPA)
Tsui Luen-on (Nonpartisan)
Ricky Chim Kim-lun (Nonpartisan)
Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication Ma Fung-kwok
(New Forum)
Ma Fung-kwok (New Forum)
Chow Pok-yin (Nonpartisan)
Import and Export Wong Ting-kwong
(DAB)
Incumbent hold Wong Ting-kwong (DAB)
uncontested
Textiles and Garment Chung Kwok-pan
(Liberal)
Chung Kwok-pan (Liberal)
Kenny Yang Si-kit (Nonpartisan)
Wholesale and Retail Vincent Fang Kang
(Liberal)
Incumbent retired Shiu Ka-fai (Liberal)
Au Nok-hin (Democratic)
Information Technology Charles Peter Mok
(PC)
Charles Peter Mok (PC)
Eric Yeung Chuen-sing (Nonpartisan)
Catering Tommy Cheung Yu-yan
(Liberal)
Tommy Cheung Yu-yan (Liberal)
Ng Wing-tak (Nonpartisan)
District Council (First) Ip Kwok-him
(DAB)
Incumbent retired
DAB hold
Lau Kwok-fan (DAB)
uncontested

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  4. ^ Yung, Chester; Ngai, Edward (21 August 2014). "Hong Kong Students to Boycott Classes If Democracy Demands Aren't Met". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 10 September 2014. 
  5. ^ Ong, Larry (25 March 2015). "Hong Kong's Leader Calls on Voters to Oust the Opposition". Epoch Times. 
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  7. ^ Mok, Danny (3 May 2016). "Will 'Thunderbolt Plan' fizzle? NeoDemocrats won't join proposed pan-dem primary aimed at securing Legco 'super seats'". South China Morning Post. 
  8. ^ Chung, Kang-chung (2 March 2016). "All Around Town: So which Hong Kong politician keeps gunning for losing candidate?". South China Morning Post. 
  9. ^ a b "本土組織將派5人出選立會 陳雲或出戰新界東". Apple Daily. 29 February 2016. 
  10. ^ a b "青年新政等六組織 組聯盟戰立會 倡2021香港自決公投". Stand News. 10 April 2016. 
  11. ^ "效法時代力量突圍 香港學運領袖擬組黨參政". Liberty Times. 17 February 2016. 
  12. ^ a b "香港眾志成立 羅冠聰、舒琪、黎汶洛出選立會". Stand News. 10 April 2016. 
  13. ^ Lam, Jeffie (11 April 2016). "Hong Kong's new pro-democracy groups pose new problems for traditional pan-democrat camp". South China Morning Post. 
  14. ^ Cheung, Gary (11 May 2016). "HKTV's Ricky Wong plans to run in Legco elections, with CY Leung's exit as key campaign platform". South China Morning Post. 
  15. ^ Lam, Jeffie; Cheung, Tony (29 July 2016). "Double trouble for CY Leung? John Tsang announces possible bid for Hong Kong's top job soon after Jasper Tsang does the same". South China Morning Post. 
  16. ^ Cheung, Gary; Cheung, Tony (17 June 2016). "Hong Kong pro-establishment candidates could lose votes following bookseller revelations". South China Morning Post. 
  17. ^ Buddle, Cliff (12 August 2016). "Ex-ICAC boss sees no political meddling in removal of Hong Kong investigator". South China Morning Post. 
  18. ^ Fraser, Niall; Ng, Joyce (12 July 2016). "Turmoil at ICAC after principal investigator becomes second departure in days from Hong Kong graft-buster". South China Morning Post. 
  19. ^ Ng, Joyce; Ng, Kang-chung (14 July 2016). "'Accept Hong Kong is part of China or you can't run in Legco elections'". South China Morning Post. 
  20. ^ Cheng, Kris (26 July 2016). "Election officials email more pro-independence LegCo candidates asking about political stance". Hong Kong Free Press. 
  21. ^ Ng, Joyce (2 August 2016). "Hong Kong Indigenous' Edward Leung disqualified from Legco elections". South China Morning Post. 
  22. ^ Cheng, Kris (2 August 2016). "Edward Leung has not genuinely switched from pro-independence stance, says election official". Hong Kong Free Press. 
  23. ^ Fung, Owen (3 August 2016). "Electoral Commission accused of 'political screening' and double standards in approval process for leaflets by Legco candidates". South China Morning Post. 
  24. ^ Cheung, Tony (4 August 2016). "Undue caution? Joshua Wong blasts Hong Kong officials over hold-ups in Demosisto party registration and mailings". South China Morning Post. 
  25. ^ "289 validly nominated candidates for Legislative Council Election". The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. 5 August 2016. 
  26. ^ "政情 民建聯9月立會參選名單 「四元老」引退 周浩鼎戰超區". HK01. 5 March 2016. 
  27. ^ "政情 民建聯落實真‧選舉". Now TV. 4 February 2016. 
  28. ^ "民建聯初選 劉國勳得票勝三對手 料接葉國謙棒選立會". HK01. 24 March 2016. 
  29. ^ "民建聯拍板派一隊選立會港島 鍾樹根:無奈被棄". Apple Daily. 1 June 2016. 
  30. ^ "Christopher Chung mulls leaving DAB to seek re-election". Hong Kong Economic Journal. 2 June 2016. 
  31. ^ "李梓敬否認「棄立選換經民聯區選讓路」". Ming Pao. 29 April 2016. 
  32. ^ "特稿:自由黨李梓敬戰九西 經民聯批出爾反爾". Wen Wei Po. 28 April 2016. 
  33. ^ "立會選舉 田北俊擬戰港島 自由黨或派陳浩濂撼林健鋒". Apple Daily. 24 February 2016. 
  34. ^ "新民黨強攻新東 容海恩冀搶一席". Sing Tao Daily. 9 May 2016. 
  35. ^ "公民黨公布有意參選立法會名單梁家傑陳家洛無報名". Commercial Radio Hong Kong. 
  36. ^ Chung, Kang-chung (3 July 2016). "Civic Party plans to field at least 10 candidates in Hong Kong Legislative Council elections in September". South China Morning Post. 
  37. ^ Lam, Jeffie (5 December 2015). "Hong Kong's Democratic Party to vote on pre-election primary proposal". South China Morning Post. 
  38. ^ Lam, Jeffie (31 December 2015). "Hong Kong Democratic Party leader Emily Lau decides not to seek re-election in 2016". South China Morning Post. 
  39. ^ "Two-front battle: traditional pan-democrats face off against pro-establisment camp and radicals". South China Morning Post. 10 July 2016. 
  40. ^ "【立會選舉】工黨擬於五區派人參選 李卓人何秀蘭張超雄尋求連任". HK01. 18 February 2016. 
  41. ^ Ng, Kang-chung (14 June 2016). "Radical move: two rival Hong Kong parties unite". South China Morning Post. 
  42. ^ "社民連公布立法會選舉初選名單". Cable TV news. 21 February 2016. 
  43. ^ a b "范國威「轉軚」 擬選超區議席 當年反政改退民主黨 今稱為開拓本土票源". Ming Pao. 2 March 2016. 
  44. ^ "民協何啟明欲選「超級」 嫌民協老鬼唔識講sound bite". HK01. 26 January 2016. 
  45. ^ "青年新政:立會選舉不會與本民前撞區出選". Now News. 1 March 2016. 
  46. ^ "Localists submit nomination for 'substitute candidate' in LegCo election". Hong Kong Free Press. 29 July 2016. 
  47. ^ Tsang, Emily; Cheung, Elizabeth (30 July 2016). "Hong Kong National Party convenor disqualified from running in Legislative Council polls". South China Morning Post. 
  48. ^ Cheung, Tony (27 May 2016). "Moderate Hong Kong group Path of Democracy set to field three candidates in Legislative Council elections". South China Morning Post. 
  49. ^ Ng, Kang-chung (23 June 2016). "Moderate Hong Kong political groups seek closer co-operation in Legco elections". South China Morning Post. 
  50. ^ "政Whats噏: 新思維選舉名單 黃成智慘被飛". Orential Daily. 30 April 2016. 
  51. ^ "新思維擬三人戰立會九西直選 狄志遠:正與民主思路協調". HK01. 5 July 2016. 
  52. ^ "We quit: 10 members from middle-of-the-road political party Third Side leave due to differences". South China Morning Post. 22 July 2016. 
  53. ^ "【拆局】田北俊跨區助刀 建制合力捧狄志遠九西對抗游蕙禎". HK01. 10 August 2016. 
  54. ^ Lam, Jeffie (15 August 2016). "Ex-Democrat accused of having links with Hong Kong establishment figures". South China Morning Post. 
  55. ^ a b Lam, Jeffie (12 August 2016). "Democratic Party losses may mean Hongkongers have lost faith in moderate path, says former chairman". South China Morning Post. 
  56. ^ a b Lam, Jeffie (26 August 2016). "Election Notebook: the party fledglings who still need the support of 'parents'". South China Morning Post. 
  57. ^ "【拆局】周浩鼎為容海恩站台 分析指反映民建聯新東已夠票". HK01. 21 August 2016. 
  58. ^ "Independence talk takes centre stage at Legco electoral forums". 15 August 2016. 
  59. ^ Lam, Jeffie; Ng, Joyce (26 August 2016). "Election bombshell: threats and attempted bribery alleged as Hong Kong's New Territories West Legco candidate drops out of poll race". South China Morning Post. 
  60. ^ Ng, Joyce (26 August 2016). "Legco contender Junius Ho distances himself from supporters' plans to 'pursue' rival, claims he was smeared". South China Morning Post. 
  61. ^ Ng, Joyce; Fung, Owen (26 August 2016). "Hong Kong's Legco candidate Ken Chow urged to come clean on 'threats'". South China Morning Post. 
  62. ^ Lam, Jeffie; Ng, Joyce (22 August 2016). "Hong Kong election pollsters in U-turn on methodology after complaints by parties". South China Morning Post. 
  63. ^ "Nomination of Candidates". Electoral Affairs Commission. 
  64. ^ "Facts about the Election". Elections.gov.hk. 

External links[edit]

Official websites[edit]

Manifestos and platforms[edit]