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Hormozgan province

Coordinates: 27°06′N 56°00′E / 27.100°N 56.000°E / 27.100; 56.000
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Hormozgan province
استان هرمزگان (Persian)
Province
Kish Island
Hormuz fort
Gruel
BandarAbbas
Hara Jungle
Hormuz Island
Majara Residence
Kharbas Caves
Map of Iran with Hormozgan province highlighted
Map of Iran with Hormozgan province highlighted
Coordinates: 27°06′N 56°00′E / 27.100°N 56.000°E / 27.100; 56.000[1]
CountryIran
RegionRegion 2
CapitalBandar Abbas
Counties13
Government
 • Governor-generalMohammad Ashouri Taziani (Independent)
Area
 • Total
70,697 km2 (27,296 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total
177,641
 • Density2.5127/km2 (6.5079/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
ISO 3166 codeIR-22
Main language(s)Mostly Southwestern Iranian varieties like Garmsiri, a minority speaks Balochi and Gulf Arabic [1]
HDI (2017)0.768[3]
high · 25th
Bandar Abbas National Airport
Kish National Airport

Hormozgan province (Persian: استان هرمزگان)[a] is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Bandar Abbas.[4]

The province is in the south of the country, in Iran's Region 2[5] facing Oman, the United Arab Emirates and the Hormuz Straits. Its area is 70,697 km2 (27,296 sq mi),[6] The province has 14 islands in the Persian Gulf and 1,000 km (620 mi) of coastline.

History

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Although Hormozgan is known to have been settled during the Achaemenid era when Nearchus passed through the region, recorded history of the main port of Hormozgan (Bandar‑e Hormoz) begins with Ardashir I of Persia of the Sassanid empire.

The province is said to have been particularly prosperous between 241 BC and 211 BC, but retained a lack of significance with the beginning of the Islamic era.

Marco Polo visited the port of Bandar Abbas in 1272 and 1293. He reported trading in Persian jewelry, ivory and silk of Indochina, and pearls from Bahrain in the bazaar of the port of Hormuz.

In 1497 Europeans landed in the region for the first time, headed by Vasco da Gama. In 1508 the Portuguese, led by Afonso de Albuquerque anchored in the area with seven warships, as part of protecting their interests in Egypt and Venice. The fishing port of Hormuz at the time was considered strategically positioned for commercial interests in the Persian Gulf.

Ismail I who was trying to counter the Ottoman Empire to the west, was unable to save the port from the Portuguese, until Shah Abbas I was finally able to drive them out of the Persian Gulf with the aid of the British. The name of Bandar Abbas comes directly from the name of Shah Abbas I.

The British, meanwhile, were competing for influence in the region with Dutch colonialists, who developed Qeshm Island and dispatched warships to Bandar Abbas to get wet during the final years of Shah Abbas' reign. The British government was unable to defend itself against this attack. With the souring of British and Dutch relations, military tensions grew further in the region. The Dutch finally resorted to moving their base up to Kharg Island.

The Amir of Kharg, Mir Mahna Baloch and Mir Hammal Kalmati with Baloch army defeated the Europeans from Bander Abbas till Karachi,[7][8] so with the Dutch and other forces at Kharg, the British were firmly in charge of the entire region. Soon Britain took control over the entire Persian Gulf via the British East India Company. The British adopted policy encouraging local autonomy throughout the Persian Gulf to in order to prevent a formidable unified force from threatening their establishments in the gulf. The Omani Emirate of Hormuz later joined a federated Persia.

The strategic importance of the Persian Gulf further increased after World War I with the discovery of oil in the region.

Demographics

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Languages

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Hormozgan is dominated by a variety of Persian language. Northwest Iranian Balochi is present as well. Arabic, a Semitic language, and Kholosi, an Indic language, are also found among a minority of speakers within the province.

Hormozgan Linguistic Composition[9]
language percent
Bandari Baluchi
 
 49.25%
New Persian
 
 12.26%
Larestani Persian
 
 8.72%
Baluchi
 
 17.31%
Arabic
 
 2.00%
Bashkardi Persian
 
 1.63%
Fars Group (Persian)
 
 1.55%
Other, Unknown, mixed
 
 7.27%

Population

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At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 136,537 people in 30,332 households.[10] There were 157,818 inhabitants in 39,692 households at the following census of 2011.[11] The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 177,641 in 49,366 households.[2]

Administrative divisions

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The population history and structural changes of Hormozgan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

Hormozgan province
Counties 2006[10] 2011[11] 2016[2]
Abumusa 186 526 740
Bandar Abbas 49,864 58,828 68,036
Bandar Lengeh 11,362 13,471 15,935
Bashagard[b] — 4,000 3,508
Bastak 6,571 8,011 8,049
Hajjiabad 6,244 6,588 6,962
Jask 7,576 5,288 5,888
Khamir 4,754 5,296 5,614
Minab 25,430 23,570 25,922
Parsian 3,736 4,284 5,059
Qeshm 10,388 11,777 14,899
Rudan 10,422 11,854 12,452
Sirik[c] — 4,318 4,572
Total 136,537 157,818 177,641

Cities

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According to the 2016 census, 97,665 people (nearly 55% of the population of Hormozgan province) live in the following cities:[2]

City Population
Abu Musa 421
Bandar Abbas 52,664
Bandar Charak 406
Bandar Khamir 2015
Bandar Lengeh 3,043
Bastak 995
Bika 719
Dargahan 1,452
Dashti 469
Fareghan 177
Fin 393
Garuk 400
Gowharan 117
Hajjiabad 2,897
Hasht Bandi 671
Hormuz 589
Jask 1,686
Jenah 691
Kish 3,985
Kong 1,921
Kuhestak 306
Kushk-e Nar 326
Lamazan 274
Minab 7,317
Parsian 1,804
Qaleh Qazi 528
Qeshm 4,067
Rudan 3,612
Ruydar 655
Sardasht 172
Sar-e Gaz-e Ahmadi 115
Senderk 191
Sirik 513
Suza 570
Takht 308
Tazian-e Pain 426
Tirur 487
Ziarat-e Ali 267

Most populous cities

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The following table lists the most populous cities in Hormozgan:[2]

Rank City County Population
1 Bandar Abbas Bandar Abbas 52,664
2 Minab Minab 7,317
3 Qeshm Qeshm 4,067
4 Kish Bandar Lengeh 3,985
5 Rudan Rudan 3,612
6 Bandar Lengeh Bandar Lengeh 3,043
7 Hajjiabad Hajjiabad 2,897
8 Kong Bandar Lengeh 1,921
9 Parsian Parsian 1,804
10 Jask Jask 1,686

Geography and climate

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The province is primarily mountainous, consisting of the southern tip of the Zagros Range. The province experiences a very hot and humid climate, with temperatures sometimes exceeding 120 °F (49 °C) in summers. There is very little precipitation year-round.

Hormozgan today

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Hormozgan today has 11 ports, five air strips, and three national airports. The province has an active agriculture sector, ranking first in Iran in lime production and second in date production. 30% of Iran's fishery produce comes from this province. Three major hydro dams serve the water needs of the province – Esteghlal Dam (i.e., Minab Dam, which supplies major part of consuming water of the Bandar Abbas), Jegin Dam, and Shemil Dam.

Germany has recently[when?] offered to build a bridge that would connect Qeshm island to the mainland.

Hormozgan has two free trade zones, one in Kish, the other on Qeshm island. Kish Island, situated in a free-trade zone, is home of the Iranian oil bourse (one of five exchanges of its kind in the world, and the only one explicitly not trading oil and derivatives in U.S. dollars).

Attractions

[edit]
The Fort of Our Lady of the Conception, Hormoz Island, Iran

The Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran lists 212 sites of historical and cultural significance in the province. Some of the more popular attractions are:

Colleges and universities

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See also

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Wikimedia Commons logo Media related to Hormozgan Province at Wikimedia Commons

Notes

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  1. ^ Also romanized as Ostān-e Hormozgān
  2. ^ Separated from Jask County after the 2006 census[12]
  3. ^ Separated from Minab County after the 2006 census[13]

References

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  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (16 November 2024). "Hormozgan Province" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Hormozgan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  4. ^ Habibi, Hassan (c. 2022) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of elements and units of Hormozgan province's national divisions centered in Bandar Abbas city. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Proposal 53/5/1/3233; Resolution 93808/T907. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2024 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  5. ^ "همشهری آنلاین-استان‌های کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند (Provinces were divided into 5 regions)". Hamshahri Online (in Persian). 22 June 2014 [1 Tir 1393, Jalaali]. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014.
  6. ^ SCI.org[permanent dead link]
  7. ^ Sykes, Jim (2023). Sounding the Indian Ocean. University of California Press. p. 124. ISBN 9780520393196.
  8. ^ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (19 March 2024). Across the Green Sea: Histories from the Western Indian Ocean, 1440-1640. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-1477328798.
  9. ^ "Language distribution: Hormozgan Province". 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  10. ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Hormozgan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  11. ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Hormozgan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
  12. ^ Davodi, Parviz (c. 2023) [Approved 28 July 1387]. Divisional changes and reforms in Hormozgan province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 1/4/42/91511. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  13. ^ Davodi, Parviz (14 April 2018) [Approved 18 September 1386]. Approval letter regarding the reforms of national divisions in Hormozgan province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission. Proposal 93023/42/4/1; Letter 58538/T26118H; Notification 158927/T38028K. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Afshar Sistani, Iraj, Shenakht-e ostan-e Hormozgan, Tehran 2000
  • Barbera, Gerardo, "Hormozgan: Situação linguística e aspectos culturais", Âyiné. International Journal of Islamic Societies and Cultures, 1, 2013, pp. 130–147
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