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ISO 3166-1 alpha-2

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A map of Europe, with ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes in place of the full names of countries and other territories. 'Exceptional reservations' codes CQ, EU and UK are not shown.

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1, part of the ISO 3166 standard[1] published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), to represent countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being alpha-3 and numeric), and are used most prominently for the Internet's country code top-level domains (with a few exceptions). They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.

Uses and applications

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The ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are used in different environments and are also part of other standards. In some cases they are not perfectly implemented.

Perfect implementations

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The ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are used in the following standards:

Short name Long name Comment
ISO 3166-2 Country subdivision code[1]
ISO 3901 International Standard Recording Code (ISRC)[2]
ISO 4217 Currency code[3]
ISO 6166 International Securities Identifying Number (ISIN)[4]
ISO 9362 Bank Identifier Codes (BIC) Also known as SWIFT codes[5]
ISO 13616 International Bank Account Number (IBAN)[6]
ISO 15511 International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations (ISIL)
UN/LOCODE United Nations Code for Trade and Transport Locations Implemented by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe[7]

Imperfect implementations

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Starting in 1985, ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes have been used in the Domain Name System as country code top-level domains (ccTLDs). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority currently assigns the ccTLDs mostly following the alpha-2 codes, but with a few exceptions.[8] For example, the United Kingdom, whose alpha-2 code is GB, uses .uk instead of .gb as its ccTLD, as UK is currently exceptionally reserved in ISO 3166-1 at the request of the United Kingdom.

The WIPO coding standard ST.3 is based on ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes, but includes a number of additional codes for international intellectual property organizations, which are currently reserved and not used at the present stage in ISO 3166-1.[9]

The European Commission generally uses ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes with two exceptions: EL (not GR) is used to represent Greece, and UK (not GB) is used to represent the United Kingdom.[10][11] This notwithstanding, the Official Journal of the European Communities specified that GR and GB be used to represent Greece and United Kingdom respectively.[12] For VAT administration purposes, the European Commission uses EL and GB for Greece and the United Kingdom respectively.

The United Nations uses a combination of ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 and alpha-3 codes, along with codes that pre-date the creation of ISO 3166, for international vehicle registration codes, which are codes used to identify the issuing country of a vehicle registration plate; some of these codes are currently indeterminately reserved in ISO 3166-1.[13]

IETF language tags (conforming to the BCP 47 standard track and maintained in an IANA registry) are also partially derived from ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes (for the region subtags). The full list of ISO 3166-1 codes assigned to countries and territories are usable as region subtags. Also, the "exceptionally reserved" alpha-2 codes defined in ISO 3166-1 (with the exception of UK) are also usable as region subtags for language tags. However, newer stability policies (agreed with ISO) have been implemented to avoid deleting subtags that have been withdrawn in ISO 3166-1; instead they are kept and aliased to the new preferred subtags, or kept as subtags grouping several countries. Some other region grouping subtags are derived from other standards. Under the newer stability policies, old assigned codes that have been withdrawn from ISO 3166-1 should no longer be reassigned to another country or territory (as has occurred in the past for "CS").

Current codes

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Decoding table

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The following is a colour-coded decoding table of all 676 ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes.

Decoding table of ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes
AA AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AI AJ AK AL AM AN AO AP AQ AR AS AT AU AV AW AX AY AZ
BA BB BC BD BE BF BG BH BI BJ BK BL BM BN BO BP BQ BR BS BT BU BV BW BX BY BZ
CA CB CC CD CE CF CG CH CI CJ CK CL CM CN CO CP CQ CR CS CT CU CV CW CX CY CZ
DA DB DC DD DE DF DG DH DI DJ DK DL DM DN DO DP DQ DR DS DT DU DV DW DX DY DZ
EA EB EC ED EE EF EG EH EI EJ EK EL EM EN EO EP EQ ER ES ET EU EV EW EX EY EZ
FA FB FC FD FE FF FG FH FI FJ FK FL FM FN FO FP FQ FR FS FT FU FV FW FX FY FZ
GA GB GC GD GE GF GG GH GI GJ GK GL GM GN GO GP GQ GR GS GT GU GV GW GX GY GZ
HA HB HC HD HE HF HG HH HI HJ HK HL HM HN HO HP HQ HR HS HT HU HV HW HX HY HZ
IA IB IC ID IE IF IG IH II IJ IK IL IM IN IO IP IQ IR IS IT IU IV IW IX IY IZ
JA JB JC JD JE JF JG JH JI JJ JK JL JM JN JO JP JQ JR JS JT JU JV JW JX JY JZ
KA KB KC KD KE KF KG KH KI KJ KK KL KM KN KO KP KQ KR KS KT KU KV KW KX KY KZ
LA LB LC LD LE LF LG LH LI LJ LK LL LM LN LO LP LQ LR LS LT LU LV LW LX LY LZ
MA MB MC MD ME MF MG MH MI MJ MK ML MM MN MO MP MQ MR MS MT MU MV MW MX MY MZ
NA NB NC ND NE NF NG NH NI NJ NK NL NM NN NO NP NQ NR NS NT NU NV NW NX NY NZ
OA OB OC OD OE OF OG OH OI OJ OK OL OM ON OO OP OQ OR OS OT OU OV OW OX OY OZ
PA PB PC PD PE PF PG PH PI PJ PK PL PM PN PO PP PQ PR PS PT PU PV PW PX PY PZ
QA QB QC QD QE QF QG QH QI QJ QK QL QM QN QO QP QQ QR QS QT QU QV QW QX QY QZ
RA RB RC RD RE RF RG RH RI RJ RK RL RM RN RO RP RQ RR RS RT RU RV RW RX RY RZ
SA SB SC SD SE SF SG SH SI SJ SK SL SM SN SO SP SQ SR SS ST SU SV SW SX SY SZ
TA TB TC TD TE TF TG TH TI TJ TK TL TM TN TO TP TQ TR TS TT TU TV TW TX TY TZ
UA UB UC UD UE UF UG UH UI UJ UK UL UM UN UO UP UQ UR US UT UU UV UW UX UY UZ
VA VB VC VD VE VF VG VH VI VJ VK VL VM VN VO VP VQ VR VS VT VU VV VW VX VY VZ
WA WB WC WD WE WF WG WH WI WJ WK WL WM WN WO WP WQ WR WS WT WU WV WW WX WY WZ
XA XB XC XD XE XF XG XH XI XJ XK XL XM XN XO XP XQ XR XS XT XU XV XW XX XY XZ
YA YB YC YD YE YF YG YH YI YJ YK YL YM YN YO YP YQ YR YS YT YU YV YW YX YY YZ
ZA ZB ZC ZD ZE ZF ZG ZH ZI ZJ ZK ZL ZM ZN ZO ZP ZQ ZR ZS ZT ZU ZV ZW ZX ZY ZZ
Colour legend
242 Officially assigned: assigned to a country, territory, or area of geographical interest
7 Officially assigned: formerly either assigned to a different entity or reserved indeterminately, then deleted and later reassigned as above
43 User-assigned: free for assignment at the disposal of users
13 Exceptionally reserved: reserved on request for restricted use
30 Indeterminately reserved: used in coding systems associated with ISO 3166-1
7 Transitionally reserved: deleted from ISO 3166-1 but reserved transitionally
14 Deleted: deleted and free for reassignment
320 Unassigned: free for assignment by the ISO 3166/MA only

Officially assigned code elements

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The following is a complete list of the 249 current officially assigned ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes, with the following columns:[1]

  • Code: ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code, pointing to its ISO 3166-2 article
  • Country name: English short name officially used by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA)
  • Year: Year when alpha-2 code was first officially assigned (1974, first edition of ISO 3166)
  • ccTLD: Corresponding country code top-level domain (some are unassigned or inactive); exceptions where another ccTLD is assigned for the country are shown in parentheses
  • Notes: Any unofficial notes

User-assigned code elements

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User-assigned code elements are codes at the disposal of users who need to add further names of countries, territories, or other geographical entities to their in-house application of ISO 3166-1, and the ISO 3166/MA will never use these codes in the updating process of the standard. The following alpha-2 codes can be user-assigned: AA, QM to QZ, XA to XZ, and ZZ.[22] For example:

Furthermore, the code element OO is designated as an escape code if the number of regular user-assigned code elements is not sufficient.[34]

Reserved code elements

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Reserved code elements are codes which have become obsolete, or are required in order to enable a particular user application of the standard, but do not qualify for inclusion in ISO 3166-1. To avoid transitional application problems and to aid users who require specific additional code elements for the functioning of their coding systems, the ISO 3166/MA, when justified, reserves these codes which it undertakes not to use for other than specified purposes during a limited or indeterminate period of time.

The reserved alpha-2 codes are divided into the following three categories: exceptional reservations, transitional reservations, and indeterminate reservations.[22]

Exceptional reservations

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Exceptionally reserved code elements are codes reserved at the request of national ISO member bodies, governments and international organizations, which are required in order to support a particular application, as specified by the requesting body and limited to such use; any further use of such code elements is subject to approval by the ISO 3166/MA. The following alpha-2 codes are currently exceptionally reserved:

Code Area name or country name Current actual country ccTLD Notes
ACAscension IslandUnited Kingdom.acReserved on request of UPU for stamp issuing area
CPClipperton IslandFrance—Reserved on request of ITU for location of certain telecommunications installations
CQIsland of SarkUnited Kingdom—Reserved on request of the United Kingdom. Letters are derived from French name Sercq.
DGDiego GarciaUnited Kingdom—Reserved on request of ITU for location of certain telecommunications installations
EACeuta, MelillaSpain—Part of Spanish North Africa (Spanish: África Septentrional Española)
Reserved on request of WCO for Eurasian Patent Organization[note 1]
EUEuropean Unionmultiple.euReserved on request of ISO 4217/MA for the European monetary unit Euro
Extended for ISO 6166 "Securities – International securities identification numbering system (ISIN)" in March 1998
Extended for any application needing to represent the name European Union in August 1999
EZEurozonemultiple—Reserved on request of ISO 6166/RA for the European OTC derivatives within International securities identification numbering system (ISIN)
FXFrance, MetropolitanFrance—Reserved on request of France
Officially assigned before deleted from ISO 3166-1 (now assigned ISO 3166-3 code FXFR)
ICCanary IslandsSpain—Reserved on request of WCO for area not covered by European Union Customs arrangements.
Code taken from name in Spanish: Islas Canarias
SUUSSRmultiple.suReserved on request of the Foundation for Internet Development from June 2008; Transitionally reserved from September 1992
Officially assigned before deleted from ISO 3166-1 (now assigned ISO 3166-3 code SUHH)
Official name and previous ISO country name:[35] Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (common name: Soviet Union)
TATristan da CunhaUnited Kingdom—Reserved on request of UPU for stamp issuing area
UKUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom.ukReserved on request of the United Kingdom lest UK be used for any other country
Also used by the European Commission
United Kingdom is officially assigned the alpha-2 code GB
UNUnited Nationsmultiple—Reserved directly by ISO 3166/MA for the United Nations

The following alpha-2 codes were previously exceptionally reserved, but are now officially assigned:

Code Area name or country name Notes
AXÅland IslandsReserved on request of Finland
GGGuernseyReserved on request of UPU for stamp issuing area
IMIsle of ManReserved on request of UPU for stamp issuing area
JEJerseyReserved on request of UPU for stamp issuing area

Transitional reservations

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Transitional reserved code elements are codes reserved after their deletion from ISO 3166-1. These codes may be used only during a transitional period of at least five years while new code elements that may have replaced them are taken into use. These codes may be reassigned by the ISO 3166/MA after the expiration of the transitional period. The following alpha-2 codes are currently transitionally reserved:

Code Formerly used country name Reserved from Reserved to ccTLD ISO 3166-3 Notes
ANNetherlands Antilles2010-122060-12.anANHHDivided into BQ (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba), CW (Curaçao) and SX (Dutch part of Sint Maarten)
BUBurma1989-122039-12—BUMMName changed to Myanmar (MM)
CSOriginally Czechoslovakia, later Serbia and Montenegro2006-092056-09—CSHH
CSXX		Code taken from name in Serbian: Srbija i Crna Gora, for Serbia and Montenegro, which however is now divided into Montenegro (ME) and Serbia (RS).
(Though reserved, the ccTLD .cs was never actually assigned to Serbia and Montenegro; the ccTLD of Serbia and Montenegro was .yu, as that formerly unified country's name, and that of its larger predecessor, had previously been Yugoslavia.)
CS originally represented Czechoslovakia. Its successor state Czechia uses CZ, and Slovakia SK.
NTNeutral Zone1993-072043-07—NTHHDivided between Iraq (IQ) and Saudi Arabia (SA)
TPEast Timor2002-052052-05.tpTPTLCode taken from previous ISO country name: Portuguese Timor, name changed to Timor-Leste (TL)
YUYugoslavia2003-072053-07—YUCSCode used for the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia before 1992 and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia after 1992
ZRZaire1997-072047-07—ZRCDName changed to Congo, the Democratic Republic of the (CD)
ccTLD .zr has been deleted[36]

The following alpha-2 code was previously transitionally reserved, but was later reassigned to another country as its official code:

Code Formerly used country name Date of reservation ccTLD ISO 3166-3 Notes
CSCzechoslovakia1993-06—CSHHCode reassigned to Serbia and Montenegro
ccTLD .cs has been deleted

For each deleted alpha-2 code, an entry for the corresponding former country name is included in ISO 3166-3. Each entry is assigned a four-letter alphabetic code, where the first two letters are the deleted alpha-2 code.

Indeterminate reservations

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Indeterminately reserved code elements are reserved for use in a particular way, usually due to their presence in other coding systems. For example, several codes are reserved because they are used for international intellectual property organizations in WIPO Standard ST.3. The following alpha-2 codes are currently indeterminately reserved:

Code elements reserved indeterminately
Code Area name or country name Current code Notes
APAfrican Regional Industrial Property Organization (ARIPO)—[note 2]
BXBenelux Trademarks and Designs Office (BOIP)—[note 2]
DYBeninBJ[note 3]
EFUnion of Countries under the European Community Patent Convention—[note 2]
EMEuropean Trademark Office (EUIPO)—[note 2]
EPEuropean Patent Organization (EPOrg)—[note 2]
EVEurasian Patent Organization (EAPO)—[note 1][note 2]
EWEstoniaEE[note 3]
FLLiechtensteinLI[note 4]
GCPatent Office of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCCPO)—[note 2]
IBInternational Bureau of WIPO—[note 2]
JAJamaicaJM[note 5]
LFLibya Fezzan—[note 4]
OAAfrican Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI)—[note 2]
PIPhilippinesPH[note 5]
RAArgentinaAR[note 5]
RBBolivia or BotswanaBO or BW[note 5]
RCChinaCN & TW[note 5]
RHHaitiHT[note 3]
RIIndonesiaID[note 5]
RLLebanonLB[note 5]
RMMadagascarMG[note 5]
RNNigerNE[note 6]
RPPhilippinesPH[note 6]
SFFinlandFI[note 3][note 7]
WGGrenadaGD[note 3]
WLSaint LuciaLC[note 3]
WOWorld Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)—[note 2]
WVSaint VincentVC[note 3]
YVVenezuelaVE[note 3]

The following alpha-2 codes were previously indeterminately reserved, but have been reassigned to another country as its official code:

Code elements previously reserved indeterminately
Code Area name or country name Current code Notes Code reassigned to
LTLibya Tripoli[note 4]Lithuania
MEWestern SaharaEH[note 4]Montenegro
RUBurundiBI[note 4]Russian Federation
Notes
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  1. 1 2 WIPO Standard ST.3 actually uses EA, instead of EV, to represent the Eurasian Patent Organization. However, EA was already exceptionally reserved by the ISO 3166/MA to represent Ceuta and Melilla for customs purposes. The ISO 3166/MA proposed in 1995 that EV be used by WIPO to represent the Eurasian Patent Organization; however, this request was not honoured by WIPO.[37]
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Reserved at the request of World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) for use in Standard ST.3.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Code notified to United Nations Secretary-General under 1949 and 1968 Road Traffic Conventions
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Code in use for road transport purposes, but not notified to United Nations Secretary-General under 1949 Road Traffic Convention
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Code under 1949 Road Traffic Convention
  6. 1 2 Code under 1968 Road Traffic Convention
  7. ↑ Previously used in international postal codes and vehicle registration codes to represent Finland (code was not officially assigned), and the code was previously listed as transitionally reserved from 1995-09 until 2012-06.
    Code taken from name in Finnish and Swedish combined: Suomi Finland.

Deleted codes

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Besides the codes currently transitionally reserved and two other codes currently exceptionally reserved (FX for France, Metropolitan and SU for USSR), the following alpha-2 codes have also been deleted from ISO 3166-1:[38]

Code Formerly used country name ISO 3166-3 Notes
AIFrench Afars and IssasAIDJCode later reassigned to Anguilla
BQBritish Antarctic TerritoryBQAQCode later reassigned to Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
CTCanton and Enderbury IslandsCTKI
DDGerman Democratic RepublicDDDECode taken from name in German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik
Common name: East Germany
DYDahomeyDYBJName changed to Benin (BJ)
The code is now indeterminately reserved.
FQFrench Southern and Antarctic TerritoriesFQHHSee TF and FR-TF.
GEGilbert Islands (initially Gilbert and Ellice Islands)GEHHCode later reassigned to Georgia
HVUpper VoltaHVBFCode taken from name in French: Haute-Volta
JTJohnston IslandJTUMCommon name: Johnston Atoll
MIMidway IslandsMIUM
NHNew HebridesNHVU
NQDronning Maud LandNQAQA dependent territory of Norway
PCPacific Islands (Trust Territory)PCHH
PUUnited States Miscellaneous Pacific IslandsPUUMConsisted of Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Kingman Reef, and Palmyra Atoll
PZPanama Canal ZonePZPA
RHSouthern RhodesiaRHZWName used by country itself: Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia was the colonial name)
SKSikkimSKINCode later reassigned to Slovakia
VDViet-Nam, Democratic Republic ofVDVNCommon name: North Vietnam
WKWake IslandWKUM
YDYemen, DemocraticYDYECommon name: South Yemen

For each deleted alpha-2 code, an entry for the corresponding former country name is included in ISO 3166-3. Each entry is assigned a four-letter alphabetic code, where the first two letters are the deleted alpha-2 code.

See also

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References

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  1. 1 2 3 "Country Codes - ISO 3166". International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
  2. ↑ "The International Standard Recording Code". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on 12 February 2014. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
  3. ↑ "Currency codes - ISO 4217". ISO.
  4. ↑ "ISO6166 - an outline of the standard". Association of National Numbering Agencies. Archived from the original on 27 July 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
  5. ↑ "About BIC". Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. Archived from the original on 1 March 2009.
  6. ↑ "IBAN Registry" (PDF). Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2010.
  7. 1 2 "UN/LOCODE Code List by Country". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  8. ↑ "IANA – Root Zone Database". Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.
  9. ↑ "Standard ST.3 – Recommended standard on two-letter codes for the representation of states, other entities and intergovernmental organizations" (PDF). Handbook on Industrial Property Information and Documentation. World Intellectual Property Organization. April 2007. pp. 3.3.1–3.3.9.
  10. ↑ "Publications Office – Interinstitutional style guide – Countries". European Union.
  11. ↑ "Interinstitutional style guide – 'EU-27 and candidate countries'". publications.europa.eu. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  12. ↑ "Commission Regulation (EC) No 2645/98 of 9 December 1998 on the nomenclature of countries and territories for the external trade statistics of the Community and statistics of trade between Member States". Official Journal of the European Communities, L 335. European Union. 10 December 1998. pp. 22–29.
  13. ↑ "Distinguishing signs used on vehicles in international traffic" (PDF). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.
  14. 1 2 "Codes to history: Code for formerly used names of countries completes the trilogy of country codes" (PDF). ISO Bulletin. ISO. April 2000. pp. 10–12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2008.
  15. ↑ "Falkland Islands Government". Archived from the original on 11 December 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  16. 1 2 "ISO 3166 – FAQs – Specific". ISO. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
  17. ↑ IANA .gb whois information
  18. ↑ "NL - Netherlands (Kingdom of the)". ISO Online Browsing Platform.
  19. ↑ Special Meeting of the Board Minutes ICANN, 16 January 2007
  20. ↑ "Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  21. ↑ "ISO 3166 Newsletter No. III-48". International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 12 July 1993. Retrieved 25 October 2025.
  22. 1 2 "Glossary for ISO 3166 - Codes for countries and their subdivisions". ISO.
  23. ↑ "International ISRC Agency Bulletin 2010/02: Country Code for ISRC in the United States" (PDF). IFPI. 6 December 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  24. ↑ Mark Davis. "Unicode Technical Standard #35: Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML)". Unicode Consortium.
  25. ↑ "List of Countries for the foreign trade statistics of Switzerland 2017" (PDF). ezv.admin.ch. 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2017.
  26. ↑ "Мир ∙ География ∙ Справочник ∙ Президент России".
  27. ↑ "Get an EORI number". gov.uk. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  28. ↑ "Swedish tax Authority: This is how VAT is affected by Brexit - Special rules for trade with Northern Ireland". Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  29. ↑ "Glossary:Country codes - Statistics Explained". europa.eu.
  30. ↑ SWIFT: IBAN Registry, Release 50, September 2014. Archived 2013-11-01 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ↑ "XK country code for Kosovo". GeoNames Blog. 8 March 2010.
  32. ↑ "Agreement between the Nordic Patent Institute and the International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization" (PDF). World Intellectual Property Organization. 1 January 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2025.
  33. ↑ "Release / Country". MusicBrainz. 30 May 2023. Archived from the original on 22 February 2026. Retrieved 3 March 2026.
  34. ↑ "Country codes in ISO 3166". davros.org. 25 July 2003. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
  35. ↑ "Codes for the representation of names of countries" (PDF) (First ed.). International Organization for Standardization. 15 December 1974. Retrieved 9 July 2021 – via cia.gov.
  36. ↑ "Report on zr domain deletion". iana.org. IANA. 20 June 2001. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  37. ↑ "EA -". ISO Online Browsing Platform.
  38. ↑ Clive Feather (25 July 2003). "Country codes in ISO 3166 (Table 2: codes withdrawn from use)".
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