Iflaviridae
| Iflaviridae | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
|
| Order: | |
| Family: | Iflaviridae
|
| Genus: | Iflavirus
|
| Type species | |
| Infectious flacherie virus | |
| Species | |
|
See text. | |
Iflaviridae is a family of positive sense RNA viruses insect-infecting viruses. Some of the insects commonly infected by iflaviruses include aphids, leafhoppers, flies, bees, ants, silkworms and wasps. The name "Ifla" is derived from the name "Infectious flacherie virus", for the type species.[1] There is only one genus (Iflavirus) and nine species in this family, including the type species Infectious flacherie virus.[2][3]
Taxonomy
The family Iflaviridae contains one genus, Iflavirus, with the following nine species:[3]
- Deformed wing virus
- Ectropis obliqua virus
- Infectious flacherie virus (type species)
- Lygus lineolaris virus 1
- Nilaparvata lugens honeydew virus 1
- Perina nuda virus
- Sacbrood virus
- Slow bee paralysis virus
- Varroa destructor virus-1
- Moku Virus
Structure
Members of this family are insect-infecting viruses that consist of positive single-strand RNA genomes translated into a single polyprotein of ~3000 amino acids long. It encodes helicase, protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzymes and four structural proteins (VP1–4). The non-enveloped capsid has an icosahedral T=pseudo3 symmetry and is around 30 nm in diameter. VP1, VP2 and VP3 form the outer portion, with VP4 located internally.[1][2] Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 8.8-9.7kb in length.[2]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic Arrangement | Genomic Segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iflavirus | Icosahedral | Pseudo T=3 | Non-Enveloped | Linear |
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by ribosomal skipping. Insects serve as the natural host.[2]
| Genus | Host Details | Tissue Tropism | Entry Details | Release Details | Replication Site | Assembly Site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iflavirus | Insects | None | Unknown | Unknown | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Unknown |
Pathogenicity
Several viruses in this family are economically important because they are highly pathogenic to their honeybee and silkworm hosts, while others (including Dinocampus coccinellae paralysis virus, Nasonia vitripennis virus and Venturia canescens picorna-like virus) appear to cause little or no symptoms.[4]
References
- ^ a b ICTV Dicistroviridae Study Group (10 July 2002), Taxonomic Proposals from the ICTV Dicistroviridae Study Group (PDF), International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
- ^ a b c d "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ a b ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ Dheilly NM, Maure F, Ravallec M, et al., "Who is the puppet master? Replication of a parasitic wasp-associated virus correlates with host behaviour manipulation", Proceedings of the Royal Society B, doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2773