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Integration law for immigrants to the Netherlands

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The Law on integration (Dutch: Wet inburgering) obliges most immigrants who are not citizens of the EU, Switzerland, Turkey, or the European Economic Area countries to learn Dutch and pass an exam within a few years of their arrival in the Netherlands. Since first appearing in draft form as part of a proposal in the House of Representatives, the exam has proven to be highly controversial. It continues to be both a subject of controversy, and even ridicule, in the Netherlands.[1][2]

According to a separate law, known in Dutch as the Wet inburgering in het buitenland, certain classes of prospective immigrants must also pass a test involving basic knowledge of Dutch and Dutch society even before they first enter the Netherlands.

Introduction

Specific programs devoted to integration did exist before 2007. Between 1998 and 2007, new immigrants were obligated to follow an integration course that contained implemented standards on a national level. The courses were financed by the government and organized by local municipalities. There was, however, no compulsory test. Immigrants were fined only if they did not take the course without a valid reason.

The Law on Integration, drafted by Rita Verdonk, was passed by the House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer) on July 7, 2006, and the Senate (Eerste Kamer) on November 28, 2006, and was put into effect on January 1, 2007. It laid the groundwork for the current program, which is known as inburgering.

Inburgering is a requirement for residents who have relocated to the Netherlands from countries outside of the European Union, in addition to others in certain circumstances. After a period of three-and-a-half years (five years for some), they must pass an exam that evaluates various aspects of their integration. The current exam consists of six parts.[3] Four measure Dutch language skills and include components that test an immigrants' speaking, listening, writing and reading abilities. The fifth tests their knowledge of Dutch society. The sixth portion, introduced in 2015, assesses their understanding of the Dutch labor market.

The obligation to take the test currently applies not only to new immigrants, but also to some who have lived in the Netherlands for five years or longer.[4]

Prior to traveling to the Netherlands

A similar obligation exists for some foreigners wishing to relocate to the Netherlands, especially people wanting to marry a resident or a citizen. These rules can be found in another law titled the Wet inburgering in het buitenland (“Integration law for Immigrants to the Netherlands Abroad”). The exam is requirement to receive a temporary long stay residence permit (Dutch: MVV) and is usually taken at a Dutch embassy.

Failure to meet the obligations

Since the obligation was introduced for people entering after January 1, 2007, the law had no consequences for people failing to fulfill their obligations until July 1, 2010.

Local city councils are responsible for making sure that those obliged to take the exam do so. Failure to pass the test within the allotted time can result in financial penalties. The specifics depend on the resident's place of residence and can total anywhere from several hundred to more than 1,000 euros. However, residents can request additional time to prepare for the exam if their reasons for not adhering to their obligation is deemed sufficient. Contrary to popular belief, a resident cannot be denied residency because they have not passed the exam.

Exceptions

The law does not apply to:

  • Dutch nationals (but see below for earlier drafts of the law)
  • people from EU countries, EEA countries, Switzerland and Turkey and their husbands /spouses who are non EU nationals.
  • minors (under the age of 18)
  • people over the age of 65
  • people who spent 8 or more years in the Netherlands while minors are subject to compulsory education
  • people who have school diplomas, certificates etc. of Dutch-language education, for example people educated in Suriname;
  • people who are sent by their companies to work in the Netherlands (expats);[citation needed]
  • students

In 2010, a Dutch judge ruled that the law did not apply to Turkish citizens, because of an association treaty between the European Union and Turkey.[5][6][7]

Implementation and cost

Dutch municipalities are responsible for the implementation of the law.[8]

As of June 2011, the courses, which can cost several thousand euros, may be subsidized by the government in certain circumstances.[9] However, beginning in 2013, these resources became increasingly limited.

Controversy

  • It is claimed that the Netherlands is the only country in the world that imposes integration and language requirements on persons still living abroad.
  • Many news organizations, both in the Netherlands and elsewhere, have criticized the exam and noted that it only further supports negative, xenophobic attitudes towards immigrants in the country.
  • The test's Kennis van de Nederlandse Samenleving (“Knowledge of Dutch Society”) section, which tests an immigrant's knowledge of Dutch society, has been widely criticized for its bizarre, patronizing and even inane questions. One example includes, "What would you do if you saw two men kissing on the street?" Several Dutch news organizations have aired segments or run stories where they ask life-long Dutch residents to take this section of the exam themselves. Most fail it, further proving its inability to properly represent Dutch society.
  • This law originally proposed obligations for Dutch nationals from (Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles) wishing to enter Dutch territory. Young people from these countries are over-represented in crime figures, and not all of them speak Dutch well, or not as their first language. However, it was not possible to identify people from the Dutch Caribbean as such, so all Dutch nationals were initially covered, except for those who had spent more than 8 years of their childhood in the Netherlands. The intention was, in fact, to pinpoint residents of the Dutch Caribbean. This plan was abandoned after legal advice from the Council of State (Raad van State), declared it unconstitutional. The law now applies to about 250,000 people in the Netherlands.
  • One highly controversial provision was that some people would have to pay for any Dutch language training themselves, and receive a reimbursement only if they went on to pass the exam. This has been abandoned in practice, though not in theory. (See Plans)
  • Despite widespread controversy, only one member of the House of Representatives, Fatma Koşer Kaya (D66), voted against it. In the Senate, four smaller political parties opposed it, totaling 13 out of 75 Senators.[10]

References

  1. ^ "Netherlands to Immigrants: Learn Dutch or Fear Deportation". Time. 2011. Retrieved 2014-11-12.
  2. ^ "Report on Integration". Tweede Kamer der Staten Generaal. 2013. Retrieved 2014-11-12.
  3. ^ "New Integration Exam". DUO. 2013. Retrieved 2014-11-12.
  4. ^ "Netherlands - Parliament approves modified integration law - Canada immigration news archive". Tcscanada.net. 2006-07-10. Retrieved 2012-08-03.
  5. ^ door Folkert Jensma. "Uitspraak 61: Is voor een Turkse migrant inburgering verplicht? :: nrc.nl". Weblogs.nrc.nl. Retrieved 2012-08-03.
  6. ^ Door een onzer redacteuren (2010-08-14). "Turken hoeven niet verplicht naar inburgeringscursus :: archief nrc.nl". Vorige.nrc.nl. Retrieved 2012-08-03.
  7. ^ Inburgering niet verplicht voor Turken (Nu.nl)
  8. ^ Inburgeringswet schiet ernstig tekort OPINION by Jos Groenenboom retrieved 2010-April-24 Dutch: "Met invoering van de Wet Inburgering Nieuwkomers is de verantwoordelijkheid voor de uitvoering van dat integratiebeleid bij gemeenten gelegd." English translation: "When the Law on the integration of immigrants was passed, the responsibility for implementing integration policy was given to municipalities."
  9. ^ Rick Broadbent Last updated at 7:10PM, August 3, 2012 (2012-03-13). "The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion". Timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ "Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal - Wet inburgering (30.308)".
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